Jairo Vanegas - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jairo Vanegas
Ciencia & trabajo, Sep 1, 2008
Revista Medica De Chile, 2014
Obesity is an important public health problem. Dietetic supplements are commonly used by obese pa... more Obesity is an important public health problem. Dietetic supplements are commonly used by obese patients who are not aware of the effectiveness or potential harms of these products. The aim of this paper is to discuss the ethical dilemma associated with the use of these supplements. The principles of autonomy, beneficence and justice are involved. Obesity as a chronic disease, requires qualified medical care. Obese individuals should be aware of their disease and voluntarily agree to receive professional care.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The purpose of this research is to evaluate universal accessibility in primary healthcare (PHC) c... more The purpose of this research is to evaluate universal accessibility in primary healthcare (PHC) centers in the Atacama region, Chile, through an analytical cross-sectional study with a quality approach, which uses the external audit model with the application of a dichotomous comparison guideline, evaluating levels of compliance with four dimensions of universal accessibility described in the literature: participation, information, accessibility chain and architectural aspects. This was carried out in 18 PHC, and set as Lower Control Limit (LCL) of 70% to compare levels of compliance, and a hierarchical model and k-mean analysis were applied. Results: Very low compliance averages were obtained, 37.7% participation, 4% information, 44.4% access chain, and 63.9% architectural aspects, indicating a critical situation. Moreover, the cluster comparison allowed to observe that a group of healthcare centers complies more than other groups, which requires more attention. Conclusions: The lo...
Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en 120 trabajadores varones que laboraban en condicione... more Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en 120 trabajadores varones que laboraban en condiciones de altitud geográfica. Se estudió si existía asociación entre Mal Agudo de Montaña, fatiga física, fatiga cognitiva, factores psicosociales y laborales; además, se estimó los predictores de fatiga física y cognitiva de modo independiente. Se encontró que en la prevalencia de fatiga física y/o cognitiva fue del 41,7%. A nivel bivariado se encontró asociaciones significativas entre Mal Agudo de Montaña, fatiga física, fatiga cognitiva y distintos factores psicosociales y laborales. Para la fatiga física resultaron ser predictores positivos el Mal Agudo de Montaña y la cantidad de años trabajando, y como predictor negativo el balance positivo de afectos. Para la fatiga cognitiva el Mal Agudo de Montaña también fue un predictor positivo y el balance afectivo positivo lo fue en un sentido inverso. De los hallazgos se concluye que el Mal Agudo de Montaña resulta ser el predictor con mayor pe...
El propósito del estudio fue explorar el perfil bio-psico-social de una muestra de trabajadores m... more El propósito del estudio fue explorar el perfil bio-psico-social de una muestra de trabajadores mineros con oximetrías alteradas a través de la utilización de árboles de partición recursiva. El diseño fue de tipo transversal y la muestra la constituyeron 136 trabajadores de la minería. Se realizó una entrevista de salud y se aplicó una encuesta psicosocial. Usando análisis exploratorio de datos y árboles de partición recursiva se encontraron combinaciones multidimensionales (perfiles) de predictores de oximetría alterada. Las variables más importantes fueron la edad, la presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, el sedentarismo, el colesterol elevado, la fatiga y los síntomas de sueño. Se comprobó que si bien algunas variables aisladamente no aparecen asociadas a las oximetrías alteradas algunas combinaciones de ellas sí resultan ser buenas predictoras
Revista de Salud Pública, 2021
La OMS/OPS admite que los patrones de conducta sexuales de los adolescentes y jóvenes han cambiad... more La OMS/OPS admite que los patrones de conducta sexuales de los adolescentes y jóvenes han cambiado. Se afirma la consejería adolescente ha mostrado buenos resultados. Por ello el propósito de este estudio es evaluar un cuestionario que evaluará este tipo de intervención. Objetivos Establecer la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad de un instrumento para evaluar consejería en adolescentes asistentes al centro de salud Rucahueche. Métodos Estudio exploratorio con una muestra de 151 adolescentes entre 15 y 19 años, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado. La validez de constructo y de consistencia interna fue evaluada por análisis factorial y el Alfa de Cronbach, respectivamente. Resultados El análisis factorial identificó en 3 dimensiones 10 constructos, los cuales explicaron el 62% - 67% de su variabilidad. A su vez, el análisis de consistencia interna obtuvo una puntuaci´ón de alfa de 0,934. Conclusiones El instrumento mostró evidencias de validez de construc...
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 2022
Resumen Damos cuenta de la fase cualitativa de una investigación que busca diseñar una intervenci... more Resumen Damos cuenta de la fase cualitativa de una investigación que busca diseñar una intervención digital de prevención de ITS/VIH y promoción de salud sexual en jóvenes universitarios. A partir de grupos focales se abordó la experiencia y percepción que universitarios tienen sobre sexualidad, riesgo y campañas de prevención. Se realizan entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves. Los resultados muestran que la educación sexual es escasa, reducida a lo biológico, cargada de prejuicios y sesgos de género, limitando el manejo de información por la población estudiantil. Se evidencian estrategias vacilantes de prevención, no logrando motivar ni ofrecer oportunidades para la toma de decisiones conscientes y autónomas en salud sexual. Las campañas de ITS/VIH se evaluaron poco inclusivas, lejanas y basadas en el miedo. Las intervenciones en salud sexual han fallado en sopesar aspectos experienciales de la sexualidad juvenil, basándose en modelos de comportamiento ideal y estereo...
The last National Health Survey of Chile indicates that 25.7% of women had depressive symptoms in... more The last National Health Survey of Chile indicates that 25.7% of women had depressive symptoms in the past year, compared to 8.5% of men. With regard to self-reported depression sometime in their life, women had 33.1% and men 9.7%.! • Gender considered as the social determinant of health asumess that women and men have different roles in different contexts wich influences their behaviour and mental health. Gender analysis in health considers such differences when addresing treatment, in order to study diferen<al morbility rates of affec<ve disorders among men and women.! OBJETIVES AND METHOD OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between scores on admission to treatment for mood disorders its subgroups and gender.! SAMPLE: A total of 159 cases diagnosed as affective disorder, 103 women and 56 men were analyzed. Receiving psychiatric and psychological treatment in a public hospital in Chile.! METHODS: Cross-‐sec<onal design and associa<on test differences between means....
Revista Torreón Universitario
La sangre está compuesta de hemoglobina que funcionalmente permite la respiración celular a su ve... more La sangre está compuesta de hemoglobina que funcionalmente permite la respiración celular a su vez la estructura de la hemoglobina es altamente especializada y su medición es determinante para conocer el estado de salud del individuo mas allá de los análisis rutinarios. Normalmente se emplea Electroforesis de hemoglobina a pH alcalino para determinar las fracciones, sin embargo el HPLC es mundialmente aceptado como el método confirmativo (Ondei, Zamaro, Mangonaro, Valéncio, & Bonini-Domingos, 2007). En esta investigación se cuantificó las fracciones de hemoglobina por HPLC utilizando el equipo D-10 de BioRad a 158 sujetos aparentemente sanos , empleando criterio de exclusión y quedando 72 sobre los cuales se analizó los porcentajes de hemoglobinas ,los resultados fueron 96.03% para la Hb A1, 2.92% para la Fracción A2 ,0.73% de Hb Fetal y 5.32% para la Hb A1c. Dichos resultados son similares a los realizados en otros países. Respecto a la hemoglobina A2 hubo un descenso conforme la e...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The accreditation process of primary healthcare centers in Chile has not had the same progress as... more The accreditation process of primary healthcare centers in Chile has not had the same progress as in hospitals, which show high levels of compliance. The purpose of this research is to characterize the communes that have accredited family healthcare centers (CESFAMs) through socio-economic, municipal management, clinical management, and population variables by performing a principal components analysis (PCA) with biplot analysis and a grouping of communes through a hierarchical analysis. The biplot analysis and hierarchical analysis yielded the formation of three large groups of communes with accredited CESFAMs, characterized mainly by population size, number of people registered in the municipal health system, socioeconomic indicators, and financial management and clinical management variables. It was found that the communes that have accredited CESFAMs are characterized by dissimilar behavior in relation to the variables analyzed. Through the model used, it was possible to establi...
Revista médica de Chile, 2020
Revista médica de Chile (Impresa), Jul 30, 2008
Epidemiology analyzes differences in states of health and disease of populations. Public Policies... more Epidemiology analyzes differences in states of health and disease of populations. Public Policies are established considering inequities associated with ethnicity and race. In this context, the identification of vulnerable groups for concentration of resources is relevant. Nevertheless, the lack of a clear definition of these variables might lead to biased results and interpretations. Two problems about the use of these variables are discussed. First, lack of a measurable and objective characteristic, even considering self reference (gold standard), considering that the opinion of a person can change in time. The second problem is a consequence of the former, basing research on a poorly defined variable. Uses of ethnicity and race variables between 1920-1999 in the American Journal of Epidemiology, Health Services Research and American Journal of Public Health were reviewed. In 919 articles, 27 different names identified to describe these variables and more than half did not describ...
Revista médica de Chile (Impresa), Jan 15, 2009
Tobacco is the fourth cause of the global burden of disease, accounting for 79.9 million loss of ... more Tobacco is the fourth cause of the global burden of disease, accounting for 79.9 million loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2001. In 2002, tobacco-attributable mortality in Chile represented 17% of total mortality. To estimate the direct cost of tobacco in Ischemic Heart Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer, explore patients' disposition to answer a health related expenses questionnaire, validate the instruments used and determine an adequate sample size for an upcoming study. Socio-demographic and health care related variables were investigated among patients attending two public hospitals for ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, in a cross-sectional study. Costs were estimated using the national public health insurance price list and market prices. Tobacco-attributable fraction was then applied to calculate the tobacco-attributable cost of each disease. The instruments used were validated. The g...
In recent years, the demand for organ and human tissue transplants has increased, but the number ... more In recent years, the demand for organ and human tissue transplants has increased, but the number of donors is still insufficient. Different legislative reforms have been proposed to increase the number of donors, but this has not necessarily caused a significant increase [1]. Among the different legal provisions, Presumed Consent (opt-out) has stood out as a legal mechanism for reducing the gap between demand and availability of human organs. The experience of Spain shows that the impact of this law together with other amendments led years later to an important increase of donors, but this did not happen in other countries in the area. Therefore, there may not be a direct relation between the introduction of the presumed consent law and increased donor rate [2]. From the viewpoint of some bioethicists, it is stated that presumed consent violates the spirit of voluntary charity and individual autonomy, and this would contradict the spirit of informed consent and would be ethically un...
Revista médica de Chile, 2021
Medwave, 2019
Introduction Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are an important public health probl... more Introduction Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are an important public health problem. Every day, over one million persons become infected with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Health systems are searching for solutions to improve sex education and change the sexual behavior of people in order to prevent them. In public health, digital interventions based on mobile health technologies (M-health), especially those based on mobile phones, might be a crucial tool for the prevention of STIs and HIV. This systematic will review and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of mobile phone-based interventions for the prevention of STIs and HIV. Methods and analysis The protocol was designed and will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). The protocol will include randomized controlled trials that assess the effect of interventions based on mobile phones for the prevention of STIs/HIV. The interventions of interest will be those targeting mobile phone users and should consist of providing information by mobile phone through any function or application that can be used or sent to, and that has been designed to educate, promote or modify sexual behaviors and prevent STIs, including HIV. The data sources to identify these studies will be the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and MEDLINE. The risk of bias will be assessed using the tool recommended by Cochrane. Finally, a meta-analysis will be done and data will be presented following the GRADE method. Ethics and dissemination This research was exempted by the Ethics Committee of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (ID 171128002). Trial registration number CRD42018099008.
Ciencia & trabajo, Sep 1, 2008
Revista Medica De Chile, 2014
Obesity is an important public health problem. Dietetic supplements are commonly used by obese pa... more Obesity is an important public health problem. Dietetic supplements are commonly used by obese patients who are not aware of the effectiveness or potential harms of these products. The aim of this paper is to discuss the ethical dilemma associated with the use of these supplements. The principles of autonomy, beneficence and justice are involved. Obesity as a chronic disease, requires qualified medical care. Obese individuals should be aware of their disease and voluntarily agree to receive professional care.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The purpose of this research is to evaluate universal accessibility in primary healthcare (PHC) c... more The purpose of this research is to evaluate universal accessibility in primary healthcare (PHC) centers in the Atacama region, Chile, through an analytical cross-sectional study with a quality approach, which uses the external audit model with the application of a dichotomous comparison guideline, evaluating levels of compliance with four dimensions of universal accessibility described in the literature: participation, information, accessibility chain and architectural aspects. This was carried out in 18 PHC, and set as Lower Control Limit (LCL) of 70% to compare levels of compliance, and a hierarchical model and k-mean analysis were applied. Results: Very low compliance averages were obtained, 37.7% participation, 4% information, 44.4% access chain, and 63.9% architectural aspects, indicating a critical situation. Moreover, the cluster comparison allowed to observe that a group of healthcare centers complies more than other groups, which requires more attention. Conclusions: The lo...
Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en 120 trabajadores varones que laboraban en condicione... more Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en 120 trabajadores varones que laboraban en condiciones de altitud geográfica. Se estudió si existía asociación entre Mal Agudo de Montaña, fatiga física, fatiga cognitiva, factores psicosociales y laborales; además, se estimó los predictores de fatiga física y cognitiva de modo independiente. Se encontró que en la prevalencia de fatiga física y/o cognitiva fue del 41,7%. A nivel bivariado se encontró asociaciones significativas entre Mal Agudo de Montaña, fatiga física, fatiga cognitiva y distintos factores psicosociales y laborales. Para la fatiga física resultaron ser predictores positivos el Mal Agudo de Montaña y la cantidad de años trabajando, y como predictor negativo el balance positivo de afectos. Para la fatiga cognitiva el Mal Agudo de Montaña también fue un predictor positivo y el balance afectivo positivo lo fue en un sentido inverso. De los hallazgos se concluye que el Mal Agudo de Montaña resulta ser el predictor con mayor pe...
El propósito del estudio fue explorar el perfil bio-psico-social de una muestra de trabajadores m... more El propósito del estudio fue explorar el perfil bio-psico-social de una muestra de trabajadores mineros con oximetrías alteradas a través de la utilización de árboles de partición recursiva. El diseño fue de tipo transversal y la muestra la constituyeron 136 trabajadores de la minería. Se realizó una entrevista de salud y se aplicó una encuesta psicosocial. Usando análisis exploratorio de datos y árboles de partición recursiva se encontraron combinaciones multidimensionales (perfiles) de predictores de oximetría alterada. Las variables más importantes fueron la edad, la presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, el sedentarismo, el colesterol elevado, la fatiga y los síntomas de sueño. Se comprobó que si bien algunas variables aisladamente no aparecen asociadas a las oximetrías alteradas algunas combinaciones de ellas sí resultan ser buenas predictoras
Revista de Salud Pública, 2021
La OMS/OPS admite que los patrones de conducta sexuales de los adolescentes y jóvenes han cambiad... more La OMS/OPS admite que los patrones de conducta sexuales de los adolescentes y jóvenes han cambiado. Se afirma la consejería adolescente ha mostrado buenos resultados. Por ello el propósito de este estudio es evaluar un cuestionario que evaluará este tipo de intervención. Objetivos Establecer la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad de un instrumento para evaluar consejería en adolescentes asistentes al centro de salud Rucahueche. Métodos Estudio exploratorio con una muestra de 151 adolescentes entre 15 y 19 años, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado. La validez de constructo y de consistencia interna fue evaluada por análisis factorial y el Alfa de Cronbach, respectivamente. Resultados El análisis factorial identificó en 3 dimensiones 10 constructos, los cuales explicaron el 62% - 67% de su variabilidad. A su vez, el análisis de consistencia interna obtuvo una puntuaci´ón de alfa de 0,934. Conclusiones El instrumento mostró evidencias de validez de construc...
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 2022
Resumen Damos cuenta de la fase cualitativa de una investigación que busca diseñar una intervenci... more Resumen Damos cuenta de la fase cualitativa de una investigación que busca diseñar una intervención digital de prevención de ITS/VIH y promoción de salud sexual en jóvenes universitarios. A partir de grupos focales se abordó la experiencia y percepción que universitarios tienen sobre sexualidad, riesgo y campañas de prevención. Se realizan entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves. Los resultados muestran que la educación sexual es escasa, reducida a lo biológico, cargada de prejuicios y sesgos de género, limitando el manejo de información por la población estudiantil. Se evidencian estrategias vacilantes de prevención, no logrando motivar ni ofrecer oportunidades para la toma de decisiones conscientes y autónomas en salud sexual. Las campañas de ITS/VIH se evaluaron poco inclusivas, lejanas y basadas en el miedo. Las intervenciones en salud sexual han fallado en sopesar aspectos experienciales de la sexualidad juvenil, basándose en modelos de comportamiento ideal y estereo...
The last National Health Survey of Chile indicates that 25.7% of women had depressive symptoms in... more The last National Health Survey of Chile indicates that 25.7% of women had depressive symptoms in the past year, compared to 8.5% of men. With regard to self-reported depression sometime in their life, women had 33.1% and men 9.7%.! • Gender considered as the social determinant of health asumess that women and men have different roles in different contexts wich influences their behaviour and mental health. Gender analysis in health considers such differences when addresing treatment, in order to study diferen<al morbility rates of affec<ve disorders among men and women.! OBJETIVES AND METHOD OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between scores on admission to treatment for mood disorders its subgroups and gender.! SAMPLE: A total of 159 cases diagnosed as affective disorder, 103 women and 56 men were analyzed. Receiving psychiatric and psychological treatment in a public hospital in Chile.! METHODS: Cross-‐sec<onal design and associa<on test differences between means....
Revista Torreón Universitario
La sangre está compuesta de hemoglobina que funcionalmente permite la respiración celular a su ve... more La sangre está compuesta de hemoglobina que funcionalmente permite la respiración celular a su vez la estructura de la hemoglobina es altamente especializada y su medición es determinante para conocer el estado de salud del individuo mas allá de los análisis rutinarios. Normalmente se emplea Electroforesis de hemoglobina a pH alcalino para determinar las fracciones, sin embargo el HPLC es mundialmente aceptado como el método confirmativo (Ondei, Zamaro, Mangonaro, Valéncio, & Bonini-Domingos, 2007). En esta investigación se cuantificó las fracciones de hemoglobina por HPLC utilizando el equipo D-10 de BioRad a 158 sujetos aparentemente sanos , empleando criterio de exclusión y quedando 72 sobre los cuales se analizó los porcentajes de hemoglobinas ,los resultados fueron 96.03% para la Hb A1, 2.92% para la Fracción A2 ,0.73% de Hb Fetal y 5.32% para la Hb A1c. Dichos resultados son similares a los realizados en otros países. Respecto a la hemoglobina A2 hubo un descenso conforme la e...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The accreditation process of primary healthcare centers in Chile has not had the same progress as... more The accreditation process of primary healthcare centers in Chile has not had the same progress as in hospitals, which show high levels of compliance. The purpose of this research is to characterize the communes that have accredited family healthcare centers (CESFAMs) through socio-economic, municipal management, clinical management, and population variables by performing a principal components analysis (PCA) with biplot analysis and a grouping of communes through a hierarchical analysis. The biplot analysis and hierarchical analysis yielded the formation of three large groups of communes with accredited CESFAMs, characterized mainly by population size, number of people registered in the municipal health system, socioeconomic indicators, and financial management and clinical management variables. It was found that the communes that have accredited CESFAMs are characterized by dissimilar behavior in relation to the variables analyzed. Through the model used, it was possible to establi...
Revista médica de Chile, 2020
Revista médica de Chile (Impresa), Jul 30, 2008
Epidemiology analyzes differences in states of health and disease of populations. Public Policies... more Epidemiology analyzes differences in states of health and disease of populations. Public Policies are established considering inequities associated with ethnicity and race. In this context, the identification of vulnerable groups for concentration of resources is relevant. Nevertheless, the lack of a clear definition of these variables might lead to biased results and interpretations. Two problems about the use of these variables are discussed. First, lack of a measurable and objective characteristic, even considering self reference (gold standard), considering that the opinion of a person can change in time. The second problem is a consequence of the former, basing research on a poorly defined variable. Uses of ethnicity and race variables between 1920-1999 in the American Journal of Epidemiology, Health Services Research and American Journal of Public Health were reviewed. In 919 articles, 27 different names identified to describe these variables and more than half did not describ...
Revista médica de Chile (Impresa), Jan 15, 2009
Tobacco is the fourth cause of the global burden of disease, accounting for 79.9 million loss of ... more Tobacco is the fourth cause of the global burden of disease, accounting for 79.9 million loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2001. In 2002, tobacco-attributable mortality in Chile represented 17% of total mortality. To estimate the direct cost of tobacco in Ischemic Heart Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer, explore patients' disposition to answer a health related expenses questionnaire, validate the instruments used and determine an adequate sample size for an upcoming study. Socio-demographic and health care related variables were investigated among patients attending two public hospitals for ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, in a cross-sectional study. Costs were estimated using the national public health insurance price list and market prices. Tobacco-attributable fraction was then applied to calculate the tobacco-attributable cost of each disease. The instruments used were validated. The g...
In recent years, the demand for organ and human tissue transplants has increased, but the number ... more In recent years, the demand for organ and human tissue transplants has increased, but the number of donors is still insufficient. Different legislative reforms have been proposed to increase the number of donors, but this has not necessarily caused a significant increase [1]. Among the different legal provisions, Presumed Consent (opt-out) has stood out as a legal mechanism for reducing the gap between demand and availability of human organs. The experience of Spain shows that the impact of this law together with other amendments led years later to an important increase of donors, but this did not happen in other countries in the area. Therefore, there may not be a direct relation between the introduction of the presumed consent law and increased donor rate [2]. From the viewpoint of some bioethicists, it is stated that presumed consent violates the spirit of voluntary charity and individual autonomy, and this would contradict the spirit of informed consent and would be ethically un...
Revista médica de Chile, 2021
Medwave, 2019
Introduction Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are an important public health probl... more Introduction Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are an important public health problem. Every day, over one million persons become infected with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Health systems are searching for solutions to improve sex education and change the sexual behavior of people in order to prevent them. In public health, digital interventions based on mobile health technologies (M-health), especially those based on mobile phones, might be a crucial tool for the prevention of STIs and HIV. This systematic will review and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of mobile phone-based interventions for the prevention of STIs and HIV. Methods and analysis The protocol was designed and will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). The protocol will include randomized controlled trials that assess the effect of interventions based on mobile phones for the prevention of STIs/HIV. The interventions of interest will be those targeting mobile phone users and should consist of providing information by mobile phone through any function or application that can be used or sent to, and that has been designed to educate, promote or modify sexual behaviors and prevent STIs, including HIV. The data sources to identify these studies will be the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and MEDLINE. The risk of bias will be assessed using the tool recommended by Cochrane. Finally, a meta-analysis will be done and data will be presented following the GRADE method. Ethics and dissemination This research was exempted by the Ethics Committee of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (ID 171128002). Trial registration number CRD42018099008.