Jakirul Islam - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jakirul Islam
2023 International Conference on Next-Generation Computing, IoT and Machine Learning (NCIM)
2017 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE)
In power transmission and/or distribution networks, many events may occur due to disturbances and... more In power transmission and/or distribution networks, many events may occur due to disturbances and/or faults; these events are defined as Power quality (PQ) events. PQ is a remarkable term in power system domain and the events associated with it need to be monitored and quantified incessantly. It is a very crucial task of recognizing PQ events by analyzing the voltage and current waveform during disturbances and/or faults. In this paper, a simplistic mathematical approach is proposed to detect and classify different types of PQ events, such as, interruption, sag, swell, harmonics, and transient disturbances. The mathematical approach includes Wavelet Transformation (WT) and Hilbert Transformation (HT). The whole approach is presented through an algorithm which can be applied for developing a real-time monitoring tool of the power system; the tool would be applicable for detection and classification of PQ events associated with faults or disturbances from network side as well as from customers' equipment side.
2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), 2021
Many real-world combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are NP-hard and challenging to find th... more Many real-world combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are NP-hard and challenging to find the optimal solution using classical linear and convex optimization methods. In addition, the computational complexity of these optimization tasks increases exponentially with the increasing number of decision variables. A further difficulty can be also caused by the search space being intrinsically multimodal and non-convex. In such a case, an effective optimization method is required that can cope better with these problem characteristics. Genetic algorithm (GA) is a widely used method for COPs. The original GA and its variants have been used to solve a number of classic discrete optimization problems. Literature shows that the static mutation probability is commonly used for the GA and its variants which cause the imbalance between exploration and exploitation, limiting the performance of GA. To overcome this problem, this research proposes a time-varying mutation operator for GA. In this paper, the balance between exploration and exploitation of the proposed GA has been verified using the benchmark instances of a well-known combinatorial optimization problem i.e., the 0–1 knapsack problem. The numerical results show that the proposed GA can obtain better results with on average a significant number of function evaluations compared to the well-known metaheuristic methods.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2020
This paper analyzed the new compact design and negative refractive index (NRI) metamaterial for w... more This paper analyzed the new compact design and negative refractive index (NRI) metamaterial for wideband applications. The proposed metamaterial exhibits NRI and wideband characteristics of the x-axis wave propagation. It displayed the NRI property at the frequency of 1.54 GHz and wideband from 1.26 GHz to 7.08 GHz frequency (L, S, and C band). Moreover, the response of the 1×2 horizontal and 2×1 vertical array structure showed the wideband frequency in the 7.17 GHz to 13.62 GHz and 1.46 GHz to 9.53 GHz, respectively. Electromagnetic simulation software called CST has been used to design the metamaterial unit cell. The metamaterial has been displayed the multi-band characteristics such as L, S, C, X and Ku bands with negative index material properties.
GUB Journal of Science and Engineering, 2020
An online examination system is a software solution, which allows any industry or institute to ar... more An online examination system is a software solution, which allows any industry or institute to arrange, conduct, and manage examinations via an online environment. Online Examination is an essential ingredient in electronic and interactive learning; both teachers and students are benefited from this. It’s very much useful during the current situation of the global pandemic Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19). In this paper, we proposed a system with automatic assessment technique is generated. The algorithms for calculations word frequency, matching keywords, analyzing linguistics, generating grades are proposed in this system. The system is implemented by using PhpStrom and MySQL. The performances of the system is evaluated with a large number of students and questions as well as answers, and we found the absolute (about 0.3%) and relative error (about 3.57%) which is quite satisfactory. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 6(1), Dec 2019 P 54-59
This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of sales promotion and advertising simultaneously on c... more This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of sales promotion and advertising simultaneously on consumer’s purchasing behavior. It requires several months to accumulate data and information through questionnaire, surveys, site visits and walk-thorough investigations which are the primary basis of this study work. This study found out that sales promotion is most effective on the consumers who travel through the peripheral route and it can leads the consumer’s mind to brand switching. This study also found that sales promotion and advertising is much more effective in low involvement category products where a simple promotional signal can lead the consumers to buy a product. This study also suggests to the marketers to be aware of the new or unknown product, as sales promotion could have strong negative effects on consumers’ internal price reference and perceived quality. This work also highlights the importance of integrating the advertising with different promotional activities to ...
Due to the attractive features of millimeter band, its uses are greatly expanding in the indoor w... more Due to the attractive features of millimeter band, its uses are greatly expanding in the indoor wireless communication systems. As the distance between the transmitter and receiver is much shorter in indoor environments than that of the outdoor environment, the radio wave paths of the millimeter band frequencies are highly influenced by the building materials as well as by the human movements. Ray tracing is widely used method to characterize the radio wave propagation for the planning and establishment of the indoor wireless network. Accurate object modeling for the realistic environment and computational time are two classical problems of the ray tracing model. Because, large number of rays that travels in a complex and convoluted indoor environment must be traced. Therefore, an accurate and efficient ray tracing method is proposed here, which is based on the surface separation, object address distribution and surface skipping techniques. The proposed approach considers the effect...
Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 2021
Truss design is a well-known structural optimization problem that has important practical applica... more Truss design is a well-known structural optimization problem that has important practical applications in various fields. Truss design problems are typically multimodal by nature, meaning that it offers multiple optimal solutions concerning the topology (combinatorial optimization problem) and/or sizes (continuous optimization problem) of the members, but they are evaluated to have similar or equally good objective function values. From a practical standpoint, it is desirable to find as many alternative designs as possible, rather than finding a single design, as often practiced. Several techniques based on classical and metaheuristic optimization methods have been developed for simultaneous optimization of topology and size of a truss. However, all these methods unable to find multiple topologies and their corresponding size solutions in a single run. A few metaheuristics incorporating niching techniques have been developed for finding multiple topologies for the truss design problem, but these studies ignored the fact that for each known topology, multiple design solutions in terms of size can be found. To address this issue, this paper proposes a bi-level truss formulation and subsequently a speciation-based bilevel niching method (BiL-NM) using such a formulation. The BiL-NM consists of a modified SPSO niching method which is robust to find multiple topologies and a canonical PSO for their corresponding size solutions. Extensive empirical studies are carried out to analyze the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the BiL-NM. The results confirm that the proposed BiL-NM is superior in all these three aspects over the state-of-the-art methods on several low to high-dimensional truss design problems.
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2017
Finding an optimal design for a truss structure involves optimizing its topology, size, and shape... more Finding an optimal design for a truss structure involves optimizing its topology, size, and shape. A truss design problem is usually multimodal, meaning that the problem offers multiple optimal designs in terms of topology and/or size of the members, but they are evaluated to have similar or equally good objective function values. From a practical standpoint, it is desirable to find as many alternative designs as possible, rather than finding a single design, as often practiced. A few metaheuristics based methods with niching techniques have been used for finding multiple topologies for the truss design problem, but these studies have ignored any emphasis in finding multiple solutions in terms of size. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes to formulate the truss problem as a bilevel optimization problem, where stable topologies can be found in the upper level and the optimized sizes of the members of these topologies can be found in the lower level. As a result, a new bilevel niching method is proposed to find multiple optimal solutions for topology level as well as for the size level simultaneously. The proposed method is shown to be superior over the state-of-the-art methods on several benchmark truss-structure design problems.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2021
The amount of data has been increasing exponentially in every sector such as banking securities, ... more The amount of data has been increasing exponentially in every sector such as banking securities, healthcare, education, manufacturing, consumer-trade, transportation, and energy. Most of these data are noise, different in shapes, and outliers. In such cases, it is challenging to find the desired data clusters using conventional clustering algorithms. DBSCAN is a popular clustering algorithm which is widely used for noisy, arbitrary shape, and outlier data. However, its performance highly depends on the proper selection of cluster radius (Eps) and the minimum number of points (MinPts) that are required for forming clusters for the given dataset. In the case of real-world clustering problems, it is a difficult task to select the exact value of Eps and (MinPts) to perform the clustering on unknown datasets. To address these, this paper proposes a dynamic DBSCAN algorithm that calculates the suitable value for (Eps) and (MinPts) dynamically by which the clustering quality of the given p...
Applied Soft Computing, 2017
Many real-world problems belong to the family of discrete optimization problems. Most of these pr... more Many real-world problems belong to the family of discrete optimization problems. Most of these problems are NP-hard and difficult to solve efficiently using classical linear and convex optimization methods. In addition, the computational difficulties of these optimization tasks increase rapidly with the increasing number of decision variables. A further difficulty can be also caused by the search space being intrinsically multimodal and non-convex. In such a case, it is more desirable to have an effective optimization method that can cope better with these problem characteristics. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) is a simple and effective discrete optimization method. The original BPSO and its variants have been used to solve a number of classic discrete optimization problems. However, it is reported that the original BPSO and its variants are unable to provide satisfactory results due to the use of inappropriate transfer functions. More specifically, these transfer functions are unable to provide BPSO a good balance between exploration and exploitation in the search space, limiting their performances. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes to employ a time-varying transfer function in the BPSO, namely T V T-BPSO. To understand the search behaviour of the T V T-BPSO, we provide a systematic analysis of its exploration and exploitation capability. Our experimental results demonstrate that T V T-BPSO outperforms existing BPSO variants on both low-dimensional and high-dimensional classical 0-1 knapsack problems, as well as a 200-member
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2015
Plant NADPH oxidases are key regulators of plantemicrobe interactions and reactive oxygen species... more Plant NADPH oxidases are key regulators of plantemicrobe interactions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential to plant defences against pathogens. A significant part in the role played by ROS has been ascribed to plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs). In potato (Solanum tuberosum), where RBOHs were previously shown to be involved in wound-induced oxidative burst, we assessed their expression after inoculation with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and showed that StRbohA was the only homolog to be differentially induced in potato in response to inoculation. In order to investigate the potential role of this gene in plant protection against wilt diseases, we used Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis to assess the effects of its overexpression on plant responses to V. dahliae. After inoculation with this pathogen, the transformed Arabidopsis line overexpressing StRbohA showed lower disease severity (percent damaged leaf area and vascular discoloration) as compared to the wild type. It also had higher ROS production and more cell death caused by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), compared to the wild type. Suberization of root cells was also more pronounced in the line overexpressing StRbohA, and supports a possible role for StRBOHA in plant resistance to V. dahliae. Together, these findings indicate that overexpressed StRbohA in Arabidopsis enhances the ROS-mediated defence mechanisms against V. dahliae and can be a potential tool to improve plant resistance to this and other soilborne pathogens that cause wilts in economically important crops.
This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of sales promotion and advertising simultaneously on c... more This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of sales promotion and advertising simultaneously on consumer's purchasing behaviour. It requires several months to accumulate data and information through questionnaire, surveys, site visits and walk-thorough investigations which are the primary basis of this study work. This study found out that sales promotion is most effective on the consumers who travel through the peripheral route and it can leads the consumer's mind to brand switching. This study also found that sales promotion and advertising is much more effective in low involvement category products where a simple promotional signal can lead the consumers to buy a product. This study also suggests to the marketers to be aware of the new or unknown product, as sales promotion could have strong negative effects on consumers' internal price reference and perceived quality. This work also highlights the importance of integrating the advertising with different promotional a...
China Communications, 2014
Since rough surface scattering has a great impact on the accuracy of Because of the multi-interac... more Since rough surface scattering has a great impact on the accuracy of Because of the multi-interaction between rays and object, scattering analysis is very complicated and difficult. A lot of research work is progressing for the solution of rough surface scattering [1-14]. Among those, some are experimental model [5, 7], some are statis tical model [4, 9], and some are deterministic model [3, 8] where deterministic models are China Communications
Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2013
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2014
The advent of technology with the increasing use of wireless network has led to the development o... more The advent of technology with the increasing use of wireless network has led to the development of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) to continuously monitor the change of physiological data in a cost efficient manner. As numerous researches on wave propagation characterization have been done in intrabody communication, this study has given emphasis on the wave propagation characterization between the control units (CUs) and wireless access point (AP) in a hospital scenario. Ray tracing is a tool to predict the rays to characterize the wave propagation. It takes huge simulation time, especially when multiple transmitters are involved to transmit physiological data in a realistic hospital environment. Therefore, this study has developed an accelerated ray tracing method based on the nearest neighbor cell and prior knowledge of intersection techniques. Beside this, Red-Black tree is used to store and provide a faster retrieval mechanism of objects in the hospital environment. To prove ...
2023 International Conference on Next-Generation Computing, IoT and Machine Learning (NCIM)
2017 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE)
In power transmission and/or distribution networks, many events may occur due to disturbances and... more In power transmission and/or distribution networks, many events may occur due to disturbances and/or faults; these events are defined as Power quality (PQ) events. PQ is a remarkable term in power system domain and the events associated with it need to be monitored and quantified incessantly. It is a very crucial task of recognizing PQ events by analyzing the voltage and current waveform during disturbances and/or faults. In this paper, a simplistic mathematical approach is proposed to detect and classify different types of PQ events, such as, interruption, sag, swell, harmonics, and transient disturbances. The mathematical approach includes Wavelet Transformation (WT) and Hilbert Transformation (HT). The whole approach is presented through an algorithm which can be applied for developing a real-time monitoring tool of the power system; the tool would be applicable for detection and classification of PQ events associated with faults or disturbances from network side as well as from customers' equipment side.
2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), 2021
Many real-world combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are NP-hard and challenging to find th... more Many real-world combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are NP-hard and challenging to find the optimal solution using classical linear and convex optimization methods. In addition, the computational complexity of these optimization tasks increases exponentially with the increasing number of decision variables. A further difficulty can be also caused by the search space being intrinsically multimodal and non-convex. In such a case, an effective optimization method is required that can cope better with these problem characteristics. Genetic algorithm (GA) is a widely used method for COPs. The original GA and its variants have been used to solve a number of classic discrete optimization problems. Literature shows that the static mutation probability is commonly used for the GA and its variants which cause the imbalance between exploration and exploitation, limiting the performance of GA. To overcome this problem, this research proposes a time-varying mutation operator for GA. In this paper, the balance between exploration and exploitation of the proposed GA has been verified using the benchmark instances of a well-known combinatorial optimization problem i.e., the 0–1 knapsack problem. The numerical results show that the proposed GA can obtain better results with on average a significant number of function evaluations compared to the well-known metaheuristic methods.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2020
This paper analyzed the new compact design and negative refractive index (NRI) metamaterial for w... more This paper analyzed the new compact design and negative refractive index (NRI) metamaterial for wideband applications. The proposed metamaterial exhibits NRI and wideband characteristics of the x-axis wave propagation. It displayed the NRI property at the frequency of 1.54 GHz and wideband from 1.26 GHz to 7.08 GHz frequency (L, S, and C band). Moreover, the response of the 1×2 horizontal and 2×1 vertical array structure showed the wideband frequency in the 7.17 GHz to 13.62 GHz and 1.46 GHz to 9.53 GHz, respectively. Electromagnetic simulation software called CST has been used to design the metamaterial unit cell. The metamaterial has been displayed the multi-band characteristics such as L, S, C, X and Ku bands with negative index material properties.
GUB Journal of Science and Engineering, 2020
An online examination system is a software solution, which allows any industry or institute to ar... more An online examination system is a software solution, which allows any industry or institute to arrange, conduct, and manage examinations via an online environment. Online Examination is an essential ingredient in electronic and interactive learning; both teachers and students are benefited from this. It’s very much useful during the current situation of the global pandemic Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19). In this paper, we proposed a system with automatic assessment technique is generated. The algorithms for calculations word frequency, matching keywords, analyzing linguistics, generating grades are proposed in this system. The system is implemented by using PhpStrom and MySQL. The performances of the system is evaluated with a large number of students and questions as well as answers, and we found the absolute (about 0.3%) and relative error (about 3.57%) which is quite satisfactory. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 6(1), Dec 2019 P 54-59
This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of sales promotion and advertising simultaneously on c... more This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of sales promotion and advertising simultaneously on consumer’s purchasing behavior. It requires several months to accumulate data and information through questionnaire, surveys, site visits and walk-thorough investigations which are the primary basis of this study work. This study found out that sales promotion is most effective on the consumers who travel through the peripheral route and it can leads the consumer’s mind to brand switching. This study also found that sales promotion and advertising is much more effective in low involvement category products where a simple promotional signal can lead the consumers to buy a product. This study also suggests to the marketers to be aware of the new or unknown product, as sales promotion could have strong negative effects on consumers’ internal price reference and perceived quality. This work also highlights the importance of integrating the advertising with different promotional activities to ...
Due to the attractive features of millimeter band, its uses are greatly expanding in the indoor w... more Due to the attractive features of millimeter band, its uses are greatly expanding in the indoor wireless communication systems. As the distance between the transmitter and receiver is much shorter in indoor environments than that of the outdoor environment, the radio wave paths of the millimeter band frequencies are highly influenced by the building materials as well as by the human movements. Ray tracing is widely used method to characterize the radio wave propagation for the planning and establishment of the indoor wireless network. Accurate object modeling for the realistic environment and computational time are two classical problems of the ray tracing model. Because, large number of rays that travels in a complex and convoluted indoor environment must be traced. Therefore, an accurate and efficient ray tracing method is proposed here, which is based on the surface separation, object address distribution and surface skipping techniques. The proposed approach considers the effect...
Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 2021
Truss design is a well-known structural optimization problem that has important practical applica... more Truss design is a well-known structural optimization problem that has important practical applications in various fields. Truss design problems are typically multimodal by nature, meaning that it offers multiple optimal solutions concerning the topology (combinatorial optimization problem) and/or sizes (continuous optimization problem) of the members, but they are evaluated to have similar or equally good objective function values. From a practical standpoint, it is desirable to find as many alternative designs as possible, rather than finding a single design, as often practiced. Several techniques based on classical and metaheuristic optimization methods have been developed for simultaneous optimization of topology and size of a truss. However, all these methods unable to find multiple topologies and their corresponding size solutions in a single run. A few metaheuristics incorporating niching techniques have been developed for finding multiple topologies for the truss design problem, but these studies ignored the fact that for each known topology, multiple design solutions in terms of size can be found. To address this issue, this paper proposes a bi-level truss formulation and subsequently a speciation-based bilevel niching method (BiL-NM) using such a formulation. The BiL-NM consists of a modified SPSO niching method which is robust to find multiple topologies and a canonical PSO for their corresponding size solutions. Extensive empirical studies are carried out to analyze the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the BiL-NM. The results confirm that the proposed BiL-NM is superior in all these three aspects over the state-of-the-art methods on several low to high-dimensional truss design problems.
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2017
Finding an optimal design for a truss structure involves optimizing its topology, size, and shape... more Finding an optimal design for a truss structure involves optimizing its topology, size, and shape. A truss design problem is usually multimodal, meaning that the problem offers multiple optimal designs in terms of topology and/or size of the members, but they are evaluated to have similar or equally good objective function values. From a practical standpoint, it is desirable to find as many alternative designs as possible, rather than finding a single design, as often practiced. A few metaheuristics based methods with niching techniques have been used for finding multiple topologies for the truss design problem, but these studies have ignored any emphasis in finding multiple solutions in terms of size. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes to formulate the truss problem as a bilevel optimization problem, where stable topologies can be found in the upper level and the optimized sizes of the members of these topologies can be found in the lower level. As a result, a new bilevel niching method is proposed to find multiple optimal solutions for topology level as well as for the size level simultaneously. The proposed method is shown to be superior over the state-of-the-art methods on several benchmark truss-structure design problems.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2021
The amount of data has been increasing exponentially in every sector such as banking securities, ... more The amount of data has been increasing exponentially in every sector such as banking securities, healthcare, education, manufacturing, consumer-trade, transportation, and energy. Most of these data are noise, different in shapes, and outliers. In such cases, it is challenging to find the desired data clusters using conventional clustering algorithms. DBSCAN is a popular clustering algorithm which is widely used for noisy, arbitrary shape, and outlier data. However, its performance highly depends on the proper selection of cluster radius (Eps) and the minimum number of points (MinPts) that are required for forming clusters for the given dataset. In the case of real-world clustering problems, it is a difficult task to select the exact value of Eps and (MinPts) to perform the clustering on unknown datasets. To address these, this paper proposes a dynamic DBSCAN algorithm that calculates the suitable value for (Eps) and (MinPts) dynamically by which the clustering quality of the given p...
Applied Soft Computing, 2017
Many real-world problems belong to the family of discrete optimization problems. Most of these pr... more Many real-world problems belong to the family of discrete optimization problems. Most of these problems are NP-hard and difficult to solve efficiently using classical linear and convex optimization methods. In addition, the computational difficulties of these optimization tasks increase rapidly with the increasing number of decision variables. A further difficulty can be also caused by the search space being intrinsically multimodal and non-convex. In such a case, it is more desirable to have an effective optimization method that can cope better with these problem characteristics. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) is a simple and effective discrete optimization method. The original BPSO and its variants have been used to solve a number of classic discrete optimization problems. However, it is reported that the original BPSO and its variants are unable to provide satisfactory results due to the use of inappropriate transfer functions. More specifically, these transfer functions are unable to provide BPSO a good balance between exploration and exploitation in the search space, limiting their performances. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes to employ a time-varying transfer function in the BPSO, namely T V T-BPSO. To understand the search behaviour of the T V T-BPSO, we provide a systematic analysis of its exploration and exploitation capability. Our experimental results demonstrate that T V T-BPSO outperforms existing BPSO variants on both low-dimensional and high-dimensional classical 0-1 knapsack problems, as well as a 200-member
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2015
Plant NADPH oxidases are key regulators of plantemicrobe interactions and reactive oxygen species... more Plant NADPH oxidases are key regulators of plantemicrobe interactions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential to plant defences against pathogens. A significant part in the role played by ROS has been ascribed to plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs). In potato (Solanum tuberosum), where RBOHs were previously shown to be involved in wound-induced oxidative burst, we assessed their expression after inoculation with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and showed that StRbohA was the only homolog to be differentially induced in potato in response to inoculation. In order to investigate the potential role of this gene in plant protection against wilt diseases, we used Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis to assess the effects of its overexpression on plant responses to V. dahliae. After inoculation with this pathogen, the transformed Arabidopsis line overexpressing StRbohA showed lower disease severity (percent damaged leaf area and vascular discoloration) as compared to the wild type. It also had higher ROS production and more cell death caused by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), compared to the wild type. Suberization of root cells was also more pronounced in the line overexpressing StRbohA, and supports a possible role for StRBOHA in plant resistance to V. dahliae. Together, these findings indicate that overexpressed StRbohA in Arabidopsis enhances the ROS-mediated defence mechanisms against V. dahliae and can be a potential tool to improve plant resistance to this and other soilborne pathogens that cause wilts in economically important crops.
This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of sales promotion and advertising simultaneously on c... more This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of sales promotion and advertising simultaneously on consumer's purchasing behaviour. It requires several months to accumulate data and information through questionnaire, surveys, site visits and walk-thorough investigations which are the primary basis of this study work. This study found out that sales promotion is most effective on the consumers who travel through the peripheral route and it can leads the consumer's mind to brand switching. This study also found that sales promotion and advertising is much more effective in low involvement category products where a simple promotional signal can lead the consumers to buy a product. This study also suggests to the marketers to be aware of the new or unknown product, as sales promotion could have strong negative effects on consumers' internal price reference and perceived quality. This work also highlights the importance of integrating the advertising with different promotional a...
China Communications, 2014
Since rough surface scattering has a great impact on the accuracy of Because of the multi-interac... more Since rough surface scattering has a great impact on the accuracy of Because of the multi-interaction between rays and object, scattering analysis is very complicated and difficult. A lot of research work is progressing for the solution of rough surface scattering [1-14]. Among those, some are experimental model [5, 7], some are statis tical model [4, 9], and some are deterministic model [3, 8] where deterministic models are China Communications
Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2013
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2014
The advent of technology with the increasing use of wireless network has led to the development o... more The advent of technology with the increasing use of wireless network has led to the development of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) to continuously monitor the change of physiological data in a cost efficient manner. As numerous researches on wave propagation characterization have been done in intrabody communication, this study has given emphasis on the wave propagation characterization between the control units (CUs) and wireless access point (AP) in a hospital scenario. Ray tracing is a tool to predict the rays to characterize the wave propagation. It takes huge simulation time, especially when multiple transmitters are involved to transmit physiological data in a realistic hospital environment. Therefore, this study has developed an accelerated ray tracing method based on the nearest neighbor cell and prior knowledge of intersection techniques. Beside this, Red-Black tree is used to store and provide a faster retrieval mechanism of objects in the hospital environment. To prove ...