James Innes - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by James Innes

Quaternary Science Reviews, 1998

The Geological Society of London on behalf of The Micropalaeontological Society eBooks, Aug 24, 2017

Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 1993

Journal of Coastal Research, Oct 23, 1996

New Phytologist, 1989

SUMMARYTwo pollen diagrams from within one metre of each other at a blanket peat site on the Nort... more SUMMARYTwo pollen diagrams from within one metre of each other at a blanket peat site on the North York Moors are similar, and fully justify the usual practice of preparing only one diagram. There are however minor differences. These indicate the degree of random variation that can occur and should be borne in mind when interpreting pollen diagrams from blanket peat.

Palynology, Jun 12, 2019

Pollen grains of primitive varieties of Hordeum vulgare collected by the Gene bank of the Crop Re... more Pollen grains of primitive varieties of Hordeum vulgare collected by the Gene bank of the Crop Research Institute, Prague are compared to pollen of native Glyceria species of the United Kingdom with a view to establishing separation criteria. It is found that a separation of Hordeum vulgare from both Glyceria maxima and Glyceria fluitans is possible according to annular characteristics in combination with grain size as dependent variables. These findings have implications for the identification of cerealtype pollen grains which could be evidence for early cultivation in the Terminal Mesolithic of northwest Europe, and for the use of palynology as a reliable source of palaeobotanical data, particularly in its inland areas. A phase of vegetation disturbance from the pollen site of Dog Hill in the southern Pennine uplands of the UK, an area with a high density of 'rod' microlith flint sites, is introduced as a case example using the above protocol. Here multiple Hordeum-type grains are encountered alongside prominent pollen indicators of disturbance, but also including non-pollen palynomorphs and microcharcoal data, at a date well before the mid-Holocene decline in Ulmus pollen frequencies which is often regarded as marking the beginning of the Neolithic. Secure identification of cereal-type pollen will greatly assist the understanding of the introduction of cultivation and the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in northwest Europe.

Journal of Biogeography, Apr 14, 2004

ABSTRACT Aim: To present radiocarbon dated early Holocene pollen analytical data from two sites o... more ABSTRACT Aim: To present radiocarbon dated early Holocene pollen analytical data from two sites on the northern plain of the Isle of Man and to discuss the implications of the vegetation history in relation to severance of the island from the British Isles and to identify further evidence for divergent biogeographical development previously exemplified by the survival and apparent dwarfism of late glacial Megaloceros giganteus (Giant Deer). Location: The Isle of Man, British Isles. Methods: Pollen analysis and AMS radiocarbon dating of late glacial to early Holocene lake sequences at Pollies and Curragh-y-Cowle on the northern plain of the Isle of Man. Results: The pollen data indicate a prolonged period of pre-woodland vegetation after the late Glacial/Holocene transition, which lasted for most of the first post-glacial millennium. This persistence of pre-forest environments meant that the expansion of Betula woodland occurred later in this part of the Isle of Man than in adjacent areas of Britain and Ireland. Conclusions: The Isle of Man, in the northern Irish Sea, was isolated from Britain during the late Glacial period perhaps explaining the delayed arrival of tree species. Delayed rise of the Holocene forest compared with surrounding regions probably reflects severance of the land-bridge with Cumbria, but also could be a function of climate changes during the early Holocene and local environmental conditions. Late survival and the dwarfism of the Megaloceros giganteus (Giant Deer) fauna is another example of biogeographical divergence during the early Holocene/late Glacial of the Isle of Man. The delayed afforestation and absence of human hunters in the Manx early Holocene offers a permissive environmental context for the as yet unproven survival of Megaloceros into the early Holocene.

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Jun 1, 2019

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, ... more The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.

Early Urbanism in Europe

4.1 Palaeo-Environmental Studies 4.1.1 The Nebelivka P1 Core 4.1.1.1 Introduction The geology of ... more 4.1 Palaeo-Environmental Studies 4.1.1 The Nebelivka P1 Core 4.1.1.1 Introduction The geology of the Nebelivka area consists of Pre-Cambrian granite and gabbro. This bedrock is deeply incised by valleys, including all tributaries to the local stream network. The study is focused in the valley of an unnamed tributary with steep transportational slopes (ca. 30°) on the eastern edge of the megasite. Interfluves are draped with Pleistocene loess of variable thickness-typically 1.5m but deeper in gulley fills. Carbonate-rich soils, including chernozems, developed out of the loess at various points in the Holocene. Modern climate is temperate and moderately continental, with a mean July temperature of 20°C and a mean January temperature of-6°C, mean annual precipitation being ca. 550 mm. Vegetation in the study region is classified as forest-steppe. The interfluves today are largely cultivated with a variety of non-cereal crops, with forested boundaries of large fields also consisting of many introduced species. Primary mixed-oak woodland with Tilia cordata elements is found at the SouthEastern edges of the Nebelivka Cooperative Farm in the direction of Borschova village. The study focuses on Holocene sediments in a six-metre sediment core where pollen is preserved under reducing and neutral conditions, designated P1 and located at 48°38'59.4" N 30°33'38.1" E (Fig. 4.1). The core was taken at the SouthEast edge of a small basin ca. 200m in length and ca. 80m in width. The topography indicates that the coring site was an alluvial site rather than a cutoff side-channel with fen or bog characteristics. On the West side of the basin, nearest the megasite, slopes approached 30°-the steepest slopes of any area on the edge of the megasite-with more gradual slopes of 15-20° on the East side of the valley. The methods involved in the coring are fully described in Albert et al. (2020). 4.1.1.2 Megasite Human Impacts Investigations of the palaeo-environment at Nebelivka provide an excellent opportunity for testing the human impact of a megasite, the more so since the coring site is only 250m from one edge of the megasite.

Quaternary Science Reviews, 2015

Journal of Quaternary Science, 2000

Northumberland lies in the transition between Holocene emergence and submergence and is thus a cr... more Northumberland lies in the transition between Holocene emergence and submergence and is thus a critical zone for testing models of isostatic rebound. We have collected data from this area to reconstruct relative sea-level changes and lateral coastline movements for the last 14000 y. These are deposits from tidal marsh, back-barrier wetland and terrestrial environments producing 47 sea-level index points from 12 sites. There is no unequivocal evidence for Late Devensian sea levels above present and the reliable sea-level index points are restricted between Ϫ6 m and ϩ2.5 m relative to present and 9.0-2.5 kyr cal. BP. Analysis of these quantifies differential responses to glacio-and hydroisostatic rebound, with the northern sites recording a mid-Holocene sea-level maximum ca. 2.5 m above present, whereas the southern sites show a maximum ca. 0.5 m above present. These observations show a reasonable fit with the predictions from quantitative models of glacio and hydroisostatic rebound, but there is currently no unique solution of Earth and ice model parameters that will explain all the sealevel observations.

Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2000

Analysis of sea-level data from the east coast of England identifies local-scale and regional sca... more Analysis of sea-level data from the east coast of England identifies local-scale and regional scale factors to explain spatial and temporal variations in the altitude of Holocene sea-level index points. The isostatic effect of the glacial rebound process, including both the ice (glacio-isostatic) and water (hydro-isostatic) load contributions, explains regionalscale differences between eight areas: c. 20 m range at 8 cal. ka bp and by 4 cal. ka bp relative sea-level in Northumberland was above present, whereas in areas to the south relative sea level has been below present throughout the Holocene. Estimates for pre-industrial relative sea-level change range from 1.04 ± 0.12 mm a−1 in the Fenland to −1.30 ± 0.68 mm a−1 (i.e. sea-level fall) in north Northumberland, although this may overestimate the current rate of sea-level fall. Isostatic effects will produce similar relative differences in rates of sea-level change through the twenty-first century. The data agree closely with the ...

Marine Geology, Sep 1, 2006

Newly acquired geological records from the Isle of Man reveal intercalated intertidal and terrest... more Newly acquired geological records from the Isle of Man reveal intercalated intertidal and terrestrial sediments that record a relative sea-level rise from ca. −3.86 m in the early Holocene up to a mid-Holocene maximum between ca. 6.6 and 4.5 cal kyr BP at ca. + 2.25 m. When compared with similar marine records from elsewhere in the northern Irish Sea Basin, the sea-level data confirm a strong north-south trend in glacioisostatic loading, but little east to west difference in loading. This pattern results from the central northern sectors of the British ice sheet over Scotland strongly influencing the glacioisostatic downwarping throughout the northern Irish Sea Basin. Differential ice thicknesses over the Irish Sea, the Lake District and Ireland did not cause perturbations of local glacioisostatic signatures. The Holocene marine data in the central Irish Sea record a slow termination of global eustatic sea-level rise during the early Holocene. Geophysical predictions of relative sea level, partially constrained by the Holocene RSL observations but extrapolated to the Last Glacial Maximum, show the potential for shallow marine conditions in the central Irish Sea Basin and in northeast Ireland between ca. 21.0-16.0 cal kyr BP. However, glaciomarine deposits in northeast Ireland suggest the model relative sea-level predictions are too low, and require increased ice loading or a thinner lithosphere to generate extra glacioisostatic depression at the time of deglaciation. Furthermore, predicted deglacial relative sea level for northeast Ireland does not match the geological record, highlighting complex ice margin/ocean interaction during deglaciation. On the Isle of Man, where glacioisostatic loading is of a similar magnitude to that across northeast Ireland, the presence of grounded ice inhibited marine incursion during early deglaciation, but the occurrence of glaciolacustrine conditions along the ice margin as it moved northwards supports model predictions that relative sea-level fell below present during the Late Glacial/early Holocene due to rapid glacioisostatic rebound.

Quaternary

The Isle of Man is a large island which lies in the middle of the northern Irish Sea between Brit... more The Isle of Man is a large island which lies in the middle of the northern Irish Sea between Britain and Ireland and, because of its insularity and size, has an impoverished flora compared with the two main islands. This has been the case throughout the postglacial and warrants the island’s description as a separate phytogeographic province. We have considered Holocene tree pollen data from seventeen sites on the island which together preserve a vegetation history that spans the six thousand years of the early and mid-postglacial from the end of the Lateglacial at 11,700 cal. BP to the mid-Holocene Ulmus decline at ca. 5800 cal. BP. Radiocarbon dating of the rational limits of the pollen curves for the main tree taxa has allowed an appraisal of the timing of each one’s expansion to become a significant component of the island’s woodland, and comparison with the dates of their expansion on the adjacent regions of Britain and Ireland. The radiocarbon dates show that, although some var...

Forests

Forest succession can be monitored in the present, modelled for the future, but also reconstructe... more Forest succession can be monitored in the present, modelled for the future, but also reconstructed in the past on the records of forest history, including through the use of palaeo-ecological techniques. Longer-term records from pollen data can show changes over centennial and millennial timescales that are impacted by climate, migration or soil development. Having knowledge of previous phases of post-disturbance seral stages of woodland regeneration however, as after fire, can provide insights regarding successional process and function over short-term decadal timescales. The aim of this paper is to test the high-resolution pollen record as a source of new insights into processes of succession, assisted by the supplementary data of microscopic charcoal analyses. On short-term timescales, multiple phases of forest disturbance and then recovery have been identified in early to mid-Holocene peat records in northern England, many from the uplands but also from lowland areas. We identif...

Archaeological Journal, 1988

ABSTRACT

In Crombe P Editor Mesolithic Chronologies University of Leuven Press 2009, 2009