Jan Bottenheim - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jan Bottenheim
Eos, 2009
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include saturated, unsaturated, and other substituted hydrocarb... more Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include saturated, unsaturated, and other substituted hydrocarbons. VOCs play an important role in the chemistry of the atmosphere by influencing ozone and hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations and the conversion rates of nitrogen oxides (NO x ). Elevated levels of VOCs and NO x have led to an approximate doubling of ozone in the lower troposphere over
Atmospheric Environment (1967), 1989
ABSTRACT
Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, 1992
ABSTRACT
We use the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and its adjoint, together with satellite and... more We use the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and its adjoint, together with satellite and in situ observation of tropospheric ozone, to assess the impact of transport of pollution from midlatitudes on the abundance of ozone in the Arctic. The model reproduces well the seasonal cycle in the abundances of PAN and ozone as measured at the surface at Alert. However, relative to ozonesonde measurements, the model overestimates ozone in the middle and upper troposphere in spring, while it underestimates ozone in summer. We examine the information gained by assimilating tropospheric ozone profile retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite instrument at midlatitudes to provide an improved boundary condition for ozone at midlatitudes to better quantify the transport of ozone into the Arctic. We find that the assimilation corrects model biases relative to sondes in the Arctic free troposphere, implying an increase in the net northward ozone flux. We also us...
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 99, NO. D12, PAGES 25,355-25,368, DECEMBER 20, 1994 Measure... more JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 99, NO. D12, PAGES 25,355-25,368, DECEMBER 20, 1994 Measurements of C2-C6 hydrocarbons during the Polar Sunrise 1992 Experiment: Evidence for CI atom and Br atom chemistry BT Jobson and H. Niki Centre for ...
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2010
A buoy based instrument platform (the "O-buoy") was designed, constructed, and field tested for y... more A buoy based instrument platform (the "O-buoy") was designed, constructed, and field tested for year-round measurement of ozone, bromine monoxide, carbon dioxide, and meteorological variables over Arctic sea ice. The O-buoy operated in an autonomous manner with daily, bi-directional data transmissions using Iridium satellite communica-5 tion. The O-buoy was equipped with three power sources: primary lithium-ion battery packs, rechargeable lead acid packs, and solar panels that recharge the lead acid packs, and can fully power the O-buoy during summer operation. This system was designed to operate under the harsh conditions present in the Arctic, with minimal direct human interaction, to aid in our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry that 10
Atmospheric Environment, 2006
In 2003 the World Calibration Centre for volatile organic compounds (WCC-VOC) which forms part of... more In 2003 the World Calibration Centre for volatile organic compounds (WCC-VOC) which forms part of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program coordinated the first comprehensive intercomparison exercise among the GAW-VOC community. The intercomparison focused on a synthetic C 2 -C 11 VOC standard mixture in nitrogen (N 2 ) and involved nine different stations/laboratories (10 instruments) from seven countries (Brazil, Canada [two labs], Czech Republic, Finland, Germany [two labs; three instruments], Ireland, and Slovakia), representing four measurement programs (GAW, EMEP, CAPMoN, LBA). These sites either run canister or online measurements. WCC-VOC provided each participant of the intercomparison exercise with standard gas canisters which contained 73 VOCs prepared and certified by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder. The participating laboratories were expected to identify and quantify as many compounds of the WCC-VOC standard canister as possible based on their routine identification and calibration methods. The primary objective of this first intercomparison was to examine the current performance status of the analytical facilities of each laboratory and to check whether the results meet the Data Quality Objectives (DQO) developed by WCC-VOC. An additional objective was to establish a ranking of properly determined compounds among all laboratories in order to identify compounds which could be most accurately determined by all laboratories.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014
The climate in the Arctic is changing faster than anywhere else on earth. Poorly understood feedb... more The climate in the Arctic is changing faster than anywhere else on earth. Poorly understood feedback processes relating to Arctic clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions contribute to a poor understanding of the present changes in the Arctic climate system, and also to a large spread in projections of future climate in the Arctic. The problem is exacerbated by the paucity of research-quality observations in the central Arctic. Improved formulations in climate models require such observations, which can only come from measurements in situ in this difficult-to-reach region with logistically demanding environmental conditions. The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) was the most extensive central Arctic Ocean expedition with an atmospheric focus during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008. ASCOS focused on the study of the formation and life cycle of low-level Arctic clouds. ASCOS departed from Longyearbyen on Svalbard on 2 August and returned on 9 September 2008. In transit into and out of the pack ice, four short research stations were undertaken in the Fram Strait: two in open water and two in the marginal ice zone. After traversing the pack ice northward, an ice camp was set up on 12 August at 87 • 21 N, 01 • 29 W and remained in operation through 1 September, drifting with the ice. During this time, extensive measurements were taken of atmospheric gas and particle chemistry and physics, mesoscale and boundarylayer meteorology, marine biology and chemistry, and upper ocean physics.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2008
It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseou... more It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) occurred in the Arctic air. This was surprising for a pollutant known to have a long residence time in the atmosphere; however conditions appeared to exist in the Arctic that promoted this depletion of mercury (Hg). This phenomenon is termed atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) and its discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the cycling of Hg in Polar Regions while stimulating a significant amount of research to understand its impact to this fragile ecosystem. Shortly after the discovery was made in Canada, AMDEs were confirmed to occur throughout the Arctic, sub-Artic and Antarctic coasts. It is now known that, through a series of photochemically initiated reactions involving halogens, GEM is converted to a Correspondence to: A. Steffen (alexandra.steffen@ec.gc.ca) more reactive species and is subsequently associated to particles in the air and/or deposited to the polar environment. AMDEs are a means by which Hg is transferred from the atmosphere to the environment that was previously unknown. In this article we review Hg research taken place in Polar Regions pertaining to AMDEs, the methods used to collect Hg in different environmental media, research results of the current understanding of AMDEs from field, laboratory and modeling work, how Hg cycles around the environment after AMDEs, gaps in our current knowledge and the future impacts that AMDEs may have on polar environments. The research presented has shown that while considerable improvements in methodology to measure Hg have been made but the main limitation remains knowing the speciation of Hg in the various media. The processes that drive AMDEs and how they occur are discussed. As well, the role that the snow pack and the sea ice play in the cycling of Hg is presented. It has been found that deposition of Hg from AMDEs occurs at marine coasts and not far inland and that a fraction of the Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 1446 A. Steffen et al.: Polar mercury review paper Churchill Kuujjuarapik/ Whapmagoostui Resolute Barrow Amderma Ny-Ålesund Station Nord Alert Fig. 1. Map of sampling sites for mercury research undertaken in the Arctic (and sub-Arctic) including time series of GEM concentrations at Amderma, Barrow, Ny-Ålesund, Station Nord and Alert during spring 2002. These time series demonstrate that during the Arctic spring, all sites show occurrence of AMDEs by concentrations going below 1 ng/m 3 (as indicated by the dashed line).
Eos, 2009
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include saturated, unsaturated, and other substituted hydrocarb... more Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include saturated, unsaturated, and other substituted hydrocarbons. VOCs play an important role in the chemistry of the atmosphere by influencing ozone and hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations and the conversion rates of nitrogen oxides (NO x ). Elevated levels of VOCs and NO x have led to an approximate doubling of ozone in the lower troposphere over
Atmospheric Environment (1967), 1989
ABSTRACT
Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, 1992
ABSTRACT
We use the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and its adjoint, together with satellite and... more We use the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and its adjoint, together with satellite and in situ observation of tropospheric ozone, to assess the impact of transport of pollution from midlatitudes on the abundance of ozone in the Arctic. The model reproduces well the seasonal cycle in the abundances of PAN and ozone as measured at the surface at Alert. However, relative to ozonesonde measurements, the model overestimates ozone in the middle and upper troposphere in spring, while it underestimates ozone in summer. We examine the information gained by assimilating tropospheric ozone profile retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite instrument at midlatitudes to provide an improved boundary condition for ozone at midlatitudes to better quantify the transport of ozone into the Arctic. We find that the assimilation corrects model biases relative to sondes in the Arctic free troposphere, implying an increase in the net northward ozone flux. We also us...
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 99, NO. D12, PAGES 25,355-25,368, DECEMBER 20, 1994 Measure... more JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 99, NO. D12, PAGES 25,355-25,368, DECEMBER 20, 1994 Measurements of C2-C6 hydrocarbons during the Polar Sunrise 1992 Experiment: Evidence for CI atom and Br atom chemistry BT Jobson and H. Niki Centre for ...
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2010
A buoy based instrument platform (the "O-buoy") was designed, constructed, and field tested for y... more A buoy based instrument platform (the "O-buoy") was designed, constructed, and field tested for year-round measurement of ozone, bromine monoxide, carbon dioxide, and meteorological variables over Arctic sea ice. The O-buoy operated in an autonomous manner with daily, bi-directional data transmissions using Iridium satellite communica-5 tion. The O-buoy was equipped with three power sources: primary lithium-ion battery packs, rechargeable lead acid packs, and solar panels that recharge the lead acid packs, and can fully power the O-buoy during summer operation. This system was designed to operate under the harsh conditions present in the Arctic, with minimal direct human interaction, to aid in our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry that 10
Atmospheric Environment, 2006
In 2003 the World Calibration Centre for volatile organic compounds (WCC-VOC) which forms part of... more In 2003 the World Calibration Centre for volatile organic compounds (WCC-VOC) which forms part of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program coordinated the first comprehensive intercomparison exercise among the GAW-VOC community. The intercomparison focused on a synthetic C 2 -C 11 VOC standard mixture in nitrogen (N 2 ) and involved nine different stations/laboratories (10 instruments) from seven countries (Brazil, Canada [two labs], Czech Republic, Finland, Germany [two labs; three instruments], Ireland, and Slovakia), representing four measurement programs (GAW, EMEP, CAPMoN, LBA). These sites either run canister or online measurements. WCC-VOC provided each participant of the intercomparison exercise with standard gas canisters which contained 73 VOCs prepared and certified by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder. The participating laboratories were expected to identify and quantify as many compounds of the WCC-VOC standard canister as possible based on their routine identification and calibration methods. The primary objective of this first intercomparison was to examine the current performance status of the analytical facilities of each laboratory and to check whether the results meet the Data Quality Objectives (DQO) developed by WCC-VOC. An additional objective was to establish a ranking of properly determined compounds among all laboratories in order to identify compounds which could be most accurately determined by all laboratories.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014
The climate in the Arctic is changing faster than anywhere else on earth. Poorly understood feedb... more The climate in the Arctic is changing faster than anywhere else on earth. Poorly understood feedback processes relating to Arctic clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions contribute to a poor understanding of the present changes in the Arctic climate system, and also to a large spread in projections of future climate in the Arctic. The problem is exacerbated by the paucity of research-quality observations in the central Arctic. Improved formulations in climate models require such observations, which can only come from measurements in situ in this difficult-to-reach region with logistically demanding environmental conditions. The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) was the most extensive central Arctic Ocean expedition with an atmospheric focus during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008. ASCOS focused on the study of the formation and life cycle of low-level Arctic clouds. ASCOS departed from Longyearbyen on Svalbard on 2 August and returned on 9 September 2008. In transit into and out of the pack ice, four short research stations were undertaken in the Fram Strait: two in open water and two in the marginal ice zone. After traversing the pack ice northward, an ice camp was set up on 12 August at 87 • 21 N, 01 • 29 W and remained in operation through 1 September, drifting with the ice. During this time, extensive measurements were taken of atmospheric gas and particle chemistry and physics, mesoscale and boundarylayer meteorology, marine biology and chemistry, and upper ocean physics.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2008
It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseou... more It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) occurred in the Arctic air. This was surprising for a pollutant known to have a long residence time in the atmosphere; however conditions appeared to exist in the Arctic that promoted this depletion of mercury (Hg). This phenomenon is termed atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) and its discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the cycling of Hg in Polar Regions while stimulating a significant amount of research to understand its impact to this fragile ecosystem. Shortly after the discovery was made in Canada, AMDEs were confirmed to occur throughout the Arctic, sub-Artic and Antarctic coasts. It is now known that, through a series of photochemically initiated reactions involving halogens, GEM is converted to a Correspondence to: A. Steffen (alexandra.steffen@ec.gc.ca) more reactive species and is subsequently associated to particles in the air and/or deposited to the polar environment. AMDEs are a means by which Hg is transferred from the atmosphere to the environment that was previously unknown. In this article we review Hg research taken place in Polar Regions pertaining to AMDEs, the methods used to collect Hg in different environmental media, research results of the current understanding of AMDEs from field, laboratory and modeling work, how Hg cycles around the environment after AMDEs, gaps in our current knowledge and the future impacts that AMDEs may have on polar environments. The research presented has shown that while considerable improvements in methodology to measure Hg have been made but the main limitation remains knowing the speciation of Hg in the various media. The processes that drive AMDEs and how they occur are discussed. As well, the role that the snow pack and the sea ice play in the cycling of Hg is presented. It has been found that deposition of Hg from AMDEs occurs at marine coasts and not far inland and that a fraction of the Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 1446 A. Steffen et al.: Polar mercury review paper Churchill Kuujjuarapik/ Whapmagoostui Resolute Barrow Amderma Ny-Ålesund Station Nord Alert Fig. 1. Map of sampling sites for mercury research undertaken in the Arctic (and sub-Arctic) including time series of GEM concentrations at Amderma, Barrow, Ny-Ålesund, Station Nord and Alert during spring 2002. These time series demonstrate that during the Arctic spring, all sites show occurrence of AMDEs by concentrations going below 1 ng/m 3 (as indicated by the dashed line).