Janet Stanley - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Janet Stanley

ABSTRACT The concept of social exclusion, as it relates to transport, has not generally progresse... more ABSTRACT The concept of social exclusion, as it relates to transport, has not generally progressed beyond transport disadvantage and improving mobility and accessibility. This chapter argues that a fuller understanding of the role of transport should incorporate impacts in areas of social capital, community strengthening, social governance and wellbeing. These issues are illustrated through a case study of the transport needs of socially excluded groups. The authors believe there is a strong argument for the development of measurement of these concepts, thus leading to a clearer understanding of how achieving the goal of inclusion should promote multiple transport, social and economic outcomes.

Page 1. 9 th . CONFERENCE ON COMPETITION AND OWNERSHIP IN LAND TRANSPORT. BUS TRANSPORT IN BUENOS... more Page 1. 9 th . CONFERENCE ON COMPETITION AND OWNERSHIP IN LAND TRANSPORT. BUS TRANSPORT IN BUENOS AIRES. PARADOXICAL EXPERIENCES AFTER 10 YEARS OF REVISION. Andrea Gutiérrez. Department ...

The role that public transport provision can play in reducing social exclusion is a growing focus... more The role that public transport provision can play in reducing social exclusion is a growing focus of public policy in Australia and elsewhere. This chapter reports work by Bus Association Victoria to explore this issue in a regional Victorian community. It shows the importance of establishing a reasonable base public transport service level, to provide transport disadvantaged groups with travel choices. It also emphasises the importance of co-ordination between various government agencies providing or supporting regional personal transport services, to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of services. A range of proposals was put forward to help resolve these concerns, particularly focusing on improved regional accessibility planning and service delivery.

African Arts, 2011

... Build-ing art centers outside of Lagos has precedent in Uche Okeke's Asele Insti... more ... Build-ing art centers outside of Lagos has precedent in Uche Okeke's Asele Institute in Nimo; Demas Nwoko's hilltop New Culture Studios in ... WORKSHOPS IN NIGERIA The earliest art workshop in Nigeria was the Catholic enter-prise in Oye-Ekiti with which Kevin Carroll is ...

Workshop 6 topics covered social inclusion, the informal transport sector, transport in developin... more Workshop 6 topics covered social inclusion, the informal transport sector, transport in developing countries and sustainability. The strong connections and complimentary goals were noted, where solutions to social exclusion and greenhouse gas reduction can both be realised with good transport and urban planning. There is an opportunity for developing countries to avoid the transport mistakes in many developed countries, such as car dependence. This will involve the development of infrastructure that offers accessible public transport to the majority of people, providing resources to the informal transport system and integrating this with public transport. The workshop considered specific issues such as rural transport, new technology, car tolls to subsidise public transport, safety issues with informal transport and the failure to evaluate the longer-term impacts of many major transport infrastructure developments. Recommendations were made in relation to research and policy and future Thredbo topics.

Research in Transportation Economics, 2010

The topic of social inclusion is now maturing in the Thredbo conference series, being viewed as a... more The topic of social inclusion is now maturing in the Thredbo conference series, being viewed as an important consideration in many aspects of land transport, the benefits extending beyond the socially excluded targeted population. The social inclusion workshop included presentations on new empirical evidence on the value of providing those at risk of social exclusion with mobility options, and how this links to improvements in personal wellbeing, often through mediating influences such as social capital. Work was presented on the role of transport services specifically targeted to those at risk of exclusion, particularly taxi services and school bus services, as well as how to modify fare structures to maximise inclusion in an efficient, mature transport system. The value of Universal Design principles to groups both at risk of being excluded as well as the current travelling public, was shown. The workshop affirmed the importance of including these wider benefits of inclusion in cost–benefit evaluations of transport. The issue of how best to move knowledge into strategic and operational policy, and the transferability of both knowledge and policy between different countries and settings, was discussed. This paper concludes with suggestions arising from the workshop in relation to policy and research, as well as recommendations for Thredbo 12.

Participation in community activities can confer social and health benefits and is considered an ... more Participation in community activities can confer social and health benefits and is considered an important aspect of social inclusion. This paper presents results of research that assessed whether factors identified in the literature as likely to influence travel and activity generally, are also associated with participation and non-participation in community activities. The data set (N=784) is from the Investigating transport disadvantage, social exclusion and wellbeing in metropolitan, regional and rural Victoria (TDSE) project. Logistic regression was used to identify which of these factors have a significant association with participation or nonparticipation. The TDSE data was selected for this analysis because it differentiates between two groups. People who have not participated because they choose not to and those who have not participated because facilities are not available, or are insufficient for their needs. Analysis of this data provides the opportunity to consider different influences on participation and nonparticipation, either by choice or caused by constraints. Results indicate that social exclusion and low wellbeing are both associated with constrained non-participation in community activity. People reporting social exclusion or low wellbeing were unable to participate in the activities they wanted to due to the activity being unavailable or inadequate to their needs. However, reported transport problems are associated with choice non-participation in community activities. These results raise questions about the role of constraint in choice and the influence of structural barriers to participation and agency. These questions are examined and implications for policy are discussed.

ABSTRACT Recent research by the authors has shown that increasing trip making and improving a per... more ABSTRACT Recent research by the authors has shown that increasing trip making and improving a person’s social capital and sense of community is likely to reduce risks of social exclusion. That research has enabled values to be assigned to additional trip making, in the context of reducing risk of social exclusion. This paper extends that analysis to impute values to increasing a person’s sense of community and social capital. The social capital extension requires strong assumptions for the derivation of values, given the available data, but the valuation of sense of community is likely to be an important new support for policy measures intended to achieve this purpose.

Transport Policy, 2010

This paper explores the relationship between travel and social inclusion in relation to a relativ... more This paper explores the relationship between travel and social inclusion in relation to a relatively rarely examined group of travel destinations—arts and cultural activities. This paper examines travel behaviour to arts and cultural activities and how this relates to social inclusion. Research literature associated with these issues is examined and then an analysis of a household travel survey in Melbourne, Australia, is undertaken to explore how travel to arts and cultural activities varies by income, car ownership and location. The paper outlines a range of evidence linking participation in arts and cultural activities and positive outcomes for social inclusion. Arts and cultural activities do not fit well into traditional household travel survey definitions of trip purposes. There is also no definitional difference between travel to activities and ‘participation’ or ‘attendance’ in arts and cultural activities. This is unfortunate since social outcomes may vary by participation or attendance. Travel survey analysis shows that like other activities trip rates to arts and cultural activities increase with income. However higher participation is demonstrated for zero- and one-car households, which contrasts with previous research of work, education and social travel. Higher participation is also demonstrated for those living in inner parts of the city. The paper suggests that most travel to arts and cultural activity is quite localised and hence much travel may be led by the diversity and range of local opportunities provided. These are particularly high in inner parts of the city. A high share of travel is also demonstrated for older people, who are thought to have the time and desire for greater participation in arts and cultural activities.►Arts and cultural trip rates positively correlate to low work-force participation. ►Arts and cultural trip rates positively correlate to low household car ownership. ►Trip rates to the arts are influenced by the local availability of activities. ►Arts and cultural participation can be important to social inclusion. ►Arts and cultural activities are not accurately recorded in household travel surveys.

Child Abuse & Neglect, 2004

We write to express concerns with an article by Dunne et al., published in Child Abuse & Neglect,... more We write to express concerns with an article by Dunne et al., published in Child Abuse & Neglect, 27 (2003). As there is currently a dearth of information about the prevalence of child sexual abuse in Australia, the authors support the need for research to be conducted in this area and recognize the contribution made by Dunne et al. However, while it would be tempting to believe that rates of child sexual abuse in Australia are declining, we advise caution in drawing this conclusion. We believe that the evidence to show this is not yet available. Some of our key issues with this article are now outlined.

Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2011

Building on a growing research foundation, transport policy makers have begun to associate the ab... more Building on a growing research foundation, transport policy makers have begun to associate the ability to be mobile with having a role in the facilitation of social inclusion. However, the further connection to well-being is not as well understood. This paper explores the association between a person’s travel patterns, their risk of social exclusion and self-assessed well-being. Key influences on social exclusion are discussed, with trip making emerging as a significant influence. Trip making is not a significant direct influence on well-being but does exercise an indirect influence through the impact on risk of social exclusion. The modelling process enables a value for additional trips to be estimated, the value being about four times the values derived from conventional generated traffic approaches. Similar high values are found in separate metropolitan and regional case studies, confirming the significance of the results.► Increased trip making is associated with a reduced risk of social exclusion. ► Increased trips have very high value. ► The value of additional trips increases as income declines, for those at risk of social exclusion. ► Increased trip making indirectly increases personal well-being.

ABSTRACT The concept of social exclusion, as it relates to transport, has not generally progresse... more ABSTRACT The concept of social exclusion, as it relates to transport, has not generally progressed beyond transport disadvantage and improving mobility and accessibility. This chapter argues that a fuller understanding of the role of transport should incorporate impacts in areas of social capital, community strengthening, social governance and wellbeing. These issues are illustrated through a case study of the transport needs of socially excluded groups. The authors believe there is a strong argument for the development of measurement of these concepts, thus leading to a clearer understanding of how achieving the goal of inclusion should promote multiple transport, social and economic outcomes.

Page 1. 9 th . CONFERENCE ON COMPETITION AND OWNERSHIP IN LAND TRANSPORT. BUS TRANSPORT IN BUENOS... more Page 1. 9 th . CONFERENCE ON COMPETITION AND OWNERSHIP IN LAND TRANSPORT. BUS TRANSPORT IN BUENOS AIRES. PARADOXICAL EXPERIENCES AFTER 10 YEARS OF REVISION. Andrea Gutiérrez. Department ...

The role that public transport provision can play in reducing social exclusion is a growing focus... more The role that public transport provision can play in reducing social exclusion is a growing focus of public policy in Australia and elsewhere. This chapter reports work by Bus Association Victoria to explore this issue in a regional Victorian community. It shows the importance of establishing a reasonable base public transport service level, to provide transport disadvantaged groups with travel choices. It also emphasises the importance of co-ordination between various government agencies providing or supporting regional personal transport services, to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of services. A range of proposals was put forward to help resolve these concerns, particularly focusing on improved regional accessibility planning and service delivery.

African Arts, 2011

... Build-ing art centers outside of Lagos has precedent in Uche Okeke's Asele Insti... more ... Build-ing art centers outside of Lagos has precedent in Uche Okeke's Asele Institute in Nimo; Demas Nwoko's hilltop New Culture Studios in ... WORKSHOPS IN NIGERIA The earliest art workshop in Nigeria was the Catholic enter-prise in Oye-Ekiti with which Kevin Carroll is ...

Workshop 6 topics covered social inclusion, the informal transport sector, transport in developin... more Workshop 6 topics covered social inclusion, the informal transport sector, transport in developing countries and sustainability. The strong connections and complimentary goals were noted, where solutions to social exclusion and greenhouse gas reduction can both be realised with good transport and urban planning. There is an opportunity for developing countries to avoid the transport mistakes in many developed countries, such as car dependence. This will involve the development of infrastructure that offers accessible public transport to the majority of people, providing resources to the informal transport system and integrating this with public transport. The workshop considered specific issues such as rural transport, new technology, car tolls to subsidise public transport, safety issues with informal transport and the failure to evaluate the longer-term impacts of many major transport infrastructure developments. Recommendations were made in relation to research and policy and future Thredbo topics.

Research in Transportation Economics, 2010

The topic of social inclusion is now maturing in the Thredbo conference series, being viewed as a... more The topic of social inclusion is now maturing in the Thredbo conference series, being viewed as an important consideration in many aspects of land transport, the benefits extending beyond the socially excluded targeted population. The social inclusion workshop included presentations on new empirical evidence on the value of providing those at risk of social exclusion with mobility options, and how this links to improvements in personal wellbeing, often through mediating influences such as social capital. Work was presented on the role of transport services specifically targeted to those at risk of exclusion, particularly taxi services and school bus services, as well as how to modify fare structures to maximise inclusion in an efficient, mature transport system. The value of Universal Design principles to groups both at risk of being excluded as well as the current travelling public, was shown. The workshop affirmed the importance of including these wider benefits of inclusion in cost–benefit evaluations of transport. The issue of how best to move knowledge into strategic and operational policy, and the transferability of both knowledge and policy between different countries and settings, was discussed. This paper concludes with suggestions arising from the workshop in relation to policy and research, as well as recommendations for Thredbo 12.

Participation in community activities can confer social and health benefits and is considered an ... more Participation in community activities can confer social and health benefits and is considered an important aspect of social inclusion. This paper presents results of research that assessed whether factors identified in the literature as likely to influence travel and activity generally, are also associated with participation and non-participation in community activities. The data set (N=784) is from the Investigating transport disadvantage, social exclusion and wellbeing in metropolitan, regional and rural Victoria (TDSE) project. Logistic regression was used to identify which of these factors have a significant association with participation or nonparticipation. The TDSE data was selected for this analysis because it differentiates between two groups. People who have not participated because they choose not to and those who have not participated because facilities are not available, or are insufficient for their needs. Analysis of this data provides the opportunity to consider different influences on participation and nonparticipation, either by choice or caused by constraints. Results indicate that social exclusion and low wellbeing are both associated with constrained non-participation in community activity. People reporting social exclusion or low wellbeing were unable to participate in the activities they wanted to due to the activity being unavailable or inadequate to their needs. However, reported transport problems are associated with choice non-participation in community activities. These results raise questions about the role of constraint in choice and the influence of structural barriers to participation and agency. These questions are examined and implications for policy are discussed.

ABSTRACT Recent research by the authors has shown that increasing trip making and improving a per... more ABSTRACT Recent research by the authors has shown that increasing trip making and improving a person’s social capital and sense of community is likely to reduce risks of social exclusion. That research has enabled values to be assigned to additional trip making, in the context of reducing risk of social exclusion. This paper extends that analysis to impute values to increasing a person’s sense of community and social capital. The social capital extension requires strong assumptions for the derivation of values, given the available data, but the valuation of sense of community is likely to be an important new support for policy measures intended to achieve this purpose.

Transport Policy, 2010

This paper explores the relationship between travel and social inclusion in relation to a relativ... more This paper explores the relationship between travel and social inclusion in relation to a relatively rarely examined group of travel destinations—arts and cultural activities. This paper examines travel behaviour to arts and cultural activities and how this relates to social inclusion. Research literature associated with these issues is examined and then an analysis of a household travel survey in Melbourne, Australia, is undertaken to explore how travel to arts and cultural activities varies by income, car ownership and location. The paper outlines a range of evidence linking participation in arts and cultural activities and positive outcomes for social inclusion. Arts and cultural activities do not fit well into traditional household travel survey definitions of trip purposes. There is also no definitional difference between travel to activities and ‘participation’ or ‘attendance’ in arts and cultural activities. This is unfortunate since social outcomes may vary by participation or attendance. Travel survey analysis shows that like other activities trip rates to arts and cultural activities increase with income. However higher participation is demonstrated for zero- and one-car households, which contrasts with previous research of work, education and social travel. Higher participation is also demonstrated for those living in inner parts of the city. The paper suggests that most travel to arts and cultural activity is quite localised and hence much travel may be led by the diversity and range of local opportunities provided. These are particularly high in inner parts of the city. A high share of travel is also demonstrated for older people, who are thought to have the time and desire for greater participation in arts and cultural activities.►Arts and cultural trip rates positively correlate to low work-force participation. ►Arts and cultural trip rates positively correlate to low household car ownership. ►Trip rates to the arts are influenced by the local availability of activities. ►Arts and cultural participation can be important to social inclusion. ►Arts and cultural activities are not accurately recorded in household travel surveys.

Child Abuse & Neglect, 2004

We write to express concerns with an article by Dunne et al., published in Child Abuse & Neglect,... more We write to express concerns with an article by Dunne et al., published in Child Abuse & Neglect, 27 (2003). As there is currently a dearth of information about the prevalence of child sexual abuse in Australia, the authors support the need for research to be conducted in this area and recognize the contribution made by Dunne et al. However, while it would be tempting to believe that rates of child sexual abuse in Australia are declining, we advise caution in drawing this conclusion. We believe that the evidence to show this is not yet available. Some of our key issues with this article are now outlined.

Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2011

Building on a growing research foundation, transport policy makers have begun to associate the ab... more Building on a growing research foundation, transport policy makers have begun to associate the ability to be mobile with having a role in the facilitation of social inclusion. However, the further connection to well-being is not as well understood. This paper explores the association between a person’s travel patterns, their risk of social exclusion and self-assessed well-being. Key influences on social exclusion are discussed, with trip making emerging as a significant influence. Trip making is not a significant direct influence on well-being but does exercise an indirect influence through the impact on risk of social exclusion. The modelling process enables a value for additional trips to be estimated, the value being about four times the values derived from conventional generated traffic approaches. Similar high values are found in separate metropolitan and regional case studies, confirming the significance of the results.► Increased trip making is associated with a reduced risk of social exclusion. ► Increased trips have very high value. ► The value of additional trips increases as income declines, for those at risk of social exclusion. ► Increased trip making indirectly increases personal well-being.