Jasim Salman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jasim Salman

Ethanol fuel or ethyl alcohol is an alternative to gasoline; it can be used as additive to gasoli... more Ethanol fuel or ethyl alcohol is an alternative to gasoline; it can be used as additive to gasoline, and also as a feed chemical in the transesterification process for biodiesel. A number of bio feed stocks are currently being experimented for biofuel production; algae have emerged as one of the most promising sources for biofuel production. The locally isolated microalga chlorella vulgaris was used in the current study to test their ability to production bioethanol through stimulated in different nitrogen concentration treatments (0, 4, 8, 12 g/l), and effect of nitrogen concentrations on the content of primary products (carbohydrate and protein), also the yield of bioethanol. The growth curves of C. vulgaris were different among the treatments. The stationary phase was identified as day 5, 9, 12 and 14 in treatments 0, 4, 8 and 12 g/l nitrogen respectively. The growth rate (K) increased from 0.14 to 0.20 for the treatments 8 g/l and 0 g/l respectively. The shortest doubling time (G) was 1.4 days in treatments 0 g/l while the longest was 3.0 days in 12 g/l. The carbohydrate content for C. vulgaris increased from 17.35% at 8g/l (control) to 24.60% at 4g/l treatment and 32.75% at 0g/l treatment of dry weight. While, the carbohydrate content decreased from 17.35% at control to 14.11% at 12g/l treatment. The protein content was decreased sharply when nitrogen concentrations decrease. It is recorded 51.17% at 8g/l (control), 33.60% at 4g/l treatment and 15.07% at 0g/l treatment. While, it is increased in treatment 12g/l in contrast with control treatment. The highest bioethanol yields of 27.08% and 24.09% were obtained in treatments 0g/l and 4g/l respectively compare with control which gave 17.34% ethanol. While, the lower bioethanol yields was recorded in treatment 12g/l which gave 14.87% in contrast with control. The highest carbohydrate content and bioethanol yield were obtained under nitrogen starvation, but the protein content recorded the lowest content under nitrogen starvation.

Five heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) were selected to determine the degree of contamination ... more Five heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) were selected to determine the degree of contamination of Al-Husseinya river. Their distributions, concentrations in the waters (dissolved and particulate phases) and sediments (Exchangeable and residual phases) were included. Physicochemical properties of the river (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium and magnesium) were studied. The average of the studied heavy metals in the dissolved phase of the water were 1.4 , 1.15 , 3.74 , 5.46 and 7.66 μg / l for Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations in the particulate form were 3.67, 110.23, 63.97, 732.98 and 167.2 μg/g for Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn, respectively. In the sediments, the concentrations of these heavy metals in the exchangeable phase were 2.53, 38.00, 43.45, 169.00 and 42.16μg/g for Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn, respectively. While in the residual phase were 2.54, 32.82, 50.33, 1452.75 and 53μg/g for Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe a...

The present investigation involves the study of qualitative, quantitative study of epipelic algae... more The present investigation involves the study of qualitative, quantitative study of epipelic algae and some environmental parameters of Al-Hilla River for the period from April 2009-March 2010. Six sites have been chosen along the studied river. The study included measuring some physical and chemical properties of water and sediments, and quality and quantity of epipelic algae as well as the measuring of chlorophyll a and phaeophytin pigments monthly. Results shown the following ranges: (7-40.5 ºC), (10-36.5 ºC), (11-35.5 ºC) for air, water and sediment temperature respectively. Values of pH showed a narrow range, TDS ranged (219-1280 mg/L), TSS ranged (12-75 mg/L), (600-895 μs/cm) and (0.384-0.572‰) for EC , S‰. While (0.15-0.45) m/Sec, (4.8-11) mg/l, (0.6-4.6) mg/l for water flow, DO and BOD 5 . Light alkalinity, very hardness values were recorded, while the concentrations of calcium were higher than magnesium. The concentration of nutrients ranged (N.D-9), (N.D.-82), (N .D-39-7) mg/l for nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate respectively. Silicates values varied between (0.35-39.5) μg/l. The sediment texture tended to be silty-clay and high values of TOC in sediments were recorded. Diatoms were the most dominant species among the identified algae followed by chlorophyceae, cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. A total of 58 genus with (116) species were recorded in site1, (55) genus, (121) species in site2, and (54) genus with (120) species in site3, (56) genus with (121) species in site4, and (55) genus, (112) species in the fifth place and (56) genus with (112) species in site 6. The most common taxa were Cyclotella, Scendesmus, Oscillatoria, Melosira, Synedra, Cocconeis and Nitzschia. High total number of epipelic algae observed in March 2010 in site 3, while the lowest number was recorded in August 2009 at site 4. Chlorophyll1 and Phaeophytin ranged (0.2-16.6) μg dm -2 and (N.D-9.05) μg dm -2 respectively. Closely values of Shannon index were recorded in all sites and Chandler scores was used in this study. ABSTRACT

Salman et al., Hydrol Current Res 2013, S13 http://dx.

Water Quality and some Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of Euphrates River, Iraq. Jasim Mohamm... more Water Quality and some Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of Euphrates River, Iraq. Jasim Mohammed Salman1*, and Hussain Allawi Hussain2 Abstract Water samples, sediments from three stations in Euphrates river ,Iraq were analyzed quantitatively for some physical and chemical characters and six heavy metals(Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb) using flam atomic absorption spectrophotpmeter in period Spt.2009 –Oct. 2010. Physical and chemical characters included Temperature ,pH,water flow, salinity ,dissolved oxygen , BOD 5, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium and nutrients ( nitrite, nitrate reactive phosphate ,and silicate ).Heavy metals assessment in dissolved and particulate phases in water and exchangeable and residual phases in sediment. The results showed variation in water flow (0.05-0.40)m/sec., according to the values of salinity (0.40-0.60)0% , the water of river was classified as oligosaline , values to the BOD5 were ranged between (0.2-4.3)mg/l ,this was accepted by world limitat...

ABSTRACT The adsorption characteristics of carbofuran on commercial activated carbon (CAC-F200) f... more ABSTRACT The adsorption characteristics of carbofuran on commercial activated carbon (CAC-F200) from aqueous solution were evaluated. Batch adsorption processes were conducted to study the effects of various parameters such as initial concentration, agitation time and solution pH on carbofuran adsorption. Adsorption capacity was found to increase with increase in initial concentration and agitation time, while acidic pH was more favorable for the adsorption of carbofuran. Equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm, yielding maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 97.1 mg/g at 30oC. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo second order kinetic model.

Adsorption isotherm and kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide on activated... more Adsorption isotherm and kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide on activated carbon prepared from Barhi date seeds were determined from batch tests. The effects of contact time, initial herbicide concentration and solution temperature were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium data were processed in accordance with the three most widely used adsorption isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The equilibrium data were best represented by Langmuir isotherm model, showing maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 175.4 mg/g. The kinetic data were also examined with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, and was found to follow closely the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (ΔH o), standard entropy (ΔS o) and standard free energy (ΔG o) were evaluated. The adsorption interaction was found to be endothermic in nature.

Activated carbon (AC) is used for the removal of many pollutants from aqueous solution by adsorpt... more Activated carbon (AC) is used for the removal of many pollutants from aqueous solution by adsorption. AC is the most widely used adsorbent material for adsorption due to its efficiency and economic feasibility. Preparation of activated carbon has been focused on agricultural by-products. Low cost adsorbents derived from agricultural wastes have demonstrated outstanding capabilities for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions. The use of cheap and environment-friendly adsorbent (date seeds) have been studied as an alternative substitution to activated carbon by physiochemical activation for the removal of pesticides, heavy metals, dyes and other pollutants from aqueous solutions.

Adsorption study of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous solution using commercial... more Adsorption study of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous solution using commercial coconut activated carbon (CAC) as adsorbent has been carried out in batch experiments revealed that the equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models and were found to be best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model; with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 300 mg/g at 30°C when the initial concentration was 50–300 mg/L. At the same time a fixed-bed adsorption study of 2,4-D from aqueous solution using CAC as adsorbent has been achieved using fixed-bed column where the effects of important factors such as the initial 2,4-D concentration, flow rate and bed height on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were evaluated. The results obtained confirmed that the breakthrough curves were dependent on initial pesticide concentrations, flow rate and bed height with the highest bed capacity of 50 mg/g at 150 mg/L initial 2, 4-D concen...

The adsorption of insecticide, carbofuran from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived fro... more The adsorption of insecticide, carbofuran from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from palm oil fronds (PFAC) was investigated through batch study. The effects of both initial concentration and pH of the carbofuran over the range of 25 to 250 mg/L and 2 to 12, respectively on the adsorption of PFAC were studied in batch experiments. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin isotherm models. The results obtained from application of these models show that the best fits were achieved with the Langmuir model and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 164 mg/g was obtained at 30°C. The regeneration efficiency of spent activated carbon was studied and it was found to be 90.0-96.4%. The results indicated that PFAC has good capability as adsorbent for the removal of carbofuran from aqueous solutions.

The adsorption of glyphosate from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from palm oil fr... more The adsorption of glyphosate from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from palm oil fronds (PFAC) was investigated through batch study. The effects of both initial concentration and pH of the glyphosat over the range of 25 to 250 mg/L and 2 to 12, respectively on the adsorption of the prepared PFAC were studied in batch experiments. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin isotherm models. The results obtained from application of these models show that the best fits were achieved with the Langmuir model and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 104.2 mg/g was obtained at 30 ºC. The regeneration efficiency of spent activated carbon was studied and it was found to be 94.0-96.1 %. The results indicated that PFAC has good capability as adsorbent for the removal of glyphosate from aqueous solutions.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)are important pollutants must be attention because of their toxicity, ... more Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)are important pollutants must be attention because of their toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. PAHs risks occur by conversion it to congeners similar to genetic components and produce the risk, and there are relationships among PAHs in environmental medium(water, sediments and organisms),physical and chemical properties for these medium and phytoplanktons. In this book there are some methods to extraction of PAHs(with some modified) from many environmental medium, measured it and measured the physical and chemical properties for these medium and study the phytoplanktons and analyzed by statistical process. Finally explain the using of some phytoplanktons as bioindicators, biosensors and biomonitors. This book very benefit for any searchers in PAHs, phytoplanktons and physical and chemical properties for water, sediments and organisms.

Biochemical markers (Total protein, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Acetylcholinesterase, and Metallothione... more Biochemical markers (Total protein, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Acetylcholinesterase, and Metallothioneins) induced by acute exposure of Zn&pb in Snail (Viviparus bengalensis) to show their response against these metals. These makers in snail sp. showed different significance response according to Zn acute exposure. So increased and decreased as reaction against acute exposure, The same trend adapted from biomarkers after pb acute exposure in snail sp. while the different response was appeared from these biomarkers after interaction acute exposure.

New technique of filtration which combining centrifugal separation (Vortex effect) and sand filtr... more New technique of filtration which combining centrifugal separation (Vortex effect) and sand filtration was used in this research study. In fact, it uses centrifugal force above the multi-layered media which helps to remove the suspended solids and significantly increases the effective filter surface within the tank. The turbulence produces a sustained cleaning action that forces the suspended solids to accumulate on top of the media surface. As a result, much finer sand can be used without clogging the media. The water, which is now largely free of impurities, is then filtered through the media and subsequently collected. Contaminants trapped above the sand are removed using an automatic backwash cycle which Vortisand requires less water and a shorter operating time than traditional sand filters. This process contributes to longer run cycles and much finer filtration levels. The Vortisand filter removes suspended particles down to 0.45 micron and to protect water systems from foulin...

Mesoporous activated carbon was prepared using olives seeds (OS) as a precursor adapting physioch... more Mesoporous activated carbon was prepared using olives seeds (OS) as a precursor adapting physiochemical activation method which consists of potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment and carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification. The effects of preparation conditions (activation temperature, time and chemical impregnation ratio) on the prepared olive seeds activated carbon (OSAC) yield and the removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were investigated. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential factor on each experimental design response was identified. The activated carbon preparation conditions were optimized both of the activated carbon yield and 2,4-D removal at maximum values. The predicted carbon yield and 2,4-D removal from the models agreed satisfactorily with the experimental values. CO2 activation temperature of 600 oC, CO2 activation time of 60 min and KOH: char impregnation ratio of 1.75 were the optimum conditions for preparing activated carbon from olive see...

Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology

Abstract It has been designed and implementation of a real time monitoring and control system to ... more Abstract It has been designed and implementation of a real time monitoring and control system to obtained primary picture of essential parameters drinking water which produces in the water purification stations. Upon passage of water through the system are measured basic specifications (temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, free chlorine and salinity), where water passes to be monitored directly and continuously from the main pipeline. This system was designed to enables us to monitor and control the basic standards drinking water parameters, continuously (On-line) and to take the decision before the arrival of drinking water to the customers.

The adsorption of herbicide bentazon from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from bra... more The adsorption of herbicide bentazon from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from branches of pomegranates trees (BPAC) was investigated through batch study. The effects of both initial concentration and pH of the bentazon over the range of 25 to 250 mg/L and 2 to 12, respectively on the adsorption of the prepared BPAC were studied in batch experiments. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin isotherm models. The results obtained from application of these models show that the best fits were achieved with the Langmuir model and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 80 mg/g was obtained at 30 °C. The regeneration efficiency of spent activated carbon was studied and it was found to be 92-96 %. The results indicated that BPAC has good capability as adsorbent for the removal of bentazon from aqueous solutions.

Twelve water samples were collected from four locations in Tigris River near the intake points of... more Twelve water samples were collected from four locations in Tigris River near the intake points of several drinking water stations namely Jisser Dyala, Al Towatha, Al Madain and Al Wahda drinking water stations, respectively, in south Baghdad-Iraq. At the same time twelve soil samples were collected from agriculture farms in same area of water sample. Both water and soil samples were collected through April 2012. The presented results revealed different values for physical, and chemical parameters for both water and soil samples studied. The chromatographic results for evaluation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using HPLC method, revealed high values in some station in the range between 0.22-52.51 ng/ml for water and 0.21-30.2 ng/ml for soil, which indicated that predominate PAH were Fluoranthene, Pyrene, naphthalene, Benzo (b) fluranthene and Benzo (k) fluranthene derivative in these samples, which were may be diffused from neighboring oil resources. In some polluted soil sample...

A Rapid, efficient and accurate reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was adopted , for si... more A Rapid, efficient and accurate reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was adopted , for simultaneously evaluation of most biogenic amines in serum . the biogenic amine were extracted from serum by using 0.5 M perchloric acid and derivatized with dansyl chloride, efficient gradient method was applied using fast liquid chromatographic ODS column (FLC) (50x4.6 mm I.D), 3µm particle size, the mobile phase solution were consist of 0.02 M ammonium acetate (solvent A), and acetonitrile (solvent B), flow rate 1mL/min, the eluted biogenic amine-dansyl chloride derivatives were monitored by UV at 254nm. The detection limit for all biogenic amine standard ranged between 0.1-0.5 ng/ml . the adult normal values of 12 biogenic amine were evaluated in 30healthy males and 20 healthy females volunteers, the recovery of spiked serum with biogenic amine in this study were between 72.2-104 %. The method were efficiently sparked with base line

Ethanol fuel or ethyl alcohol is an alternative to gasoline; it can be used as additive to gasoli... more Ethanol fuel or ethyl alcohol is an alternative to gasoline; it can be used as additive to gasoline, and also as a feed chemical in the transesterification process for biodiesel. A number of bio feed stocks are currently being experimented for biofuel production; algae have emerged as one of the most promising sources for biofuel production. The locally isolated microalga chlorella vulgaris was used in the current study to test their ability to production bioethanol through stimulated in different nitrogen concentration treatments (0, 4, 8, 12 g/l), and effect of nitrogen concentrations on the content of primary products (carbohydrate and protein), also the yield of bioethanol. The growth curves of C. vulgaris were different among the treatments. The stationary phase was identified as day 5, 9, 12 and 14 in treatments 0, 4, 8 and 12 g/l nitrogen respectively. The growth rate (K) increased from 0.14 to 0.20 for the treatments 8 g/l and 0 g/l respectively. The shortest doubling time (G) was 1.4 days in treatments 0 g/l while the longest was 3.0 days in 12 g/l. The carbohydrate content for C. vulgaris increased from 17.35% at 8g/l (control) to 24.60% at 4g/l treatment and 32.75% at 0g/l treatment of dry weight. While, the carbohydrate content decreased from 17.35% at control to 14.11% at 12g/l treatment. The protein content was decreased sharply when nitrogen concentrations decrease. It is recorded 51.17% at 8g/l (control), 33.60% at 4g/l treatment and 15.07% at 0g/l treatment. While, it is increased in treatment 12g/l in contrast with control treatment. The highest bioethanol yields of 27.08% and 24.09% were obtained in treatments 0g/l and 4g/l respectively compare with control which gave 17.34% ethanol. While, the lower bioethanol yields was recorded in treatment 12g/l which gave 14.87% in contrast with control. The highest carbohydrate content and bioethanol yield were obtained under nitrogen starvation, but the protein content recorded the lowest content under nitrogen starvation.

Five heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) were selected to determine the degree of contamination ... more Five heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) were selected to determine the degree of contamination of Al-Husseinya river. Their distributions, concentrations in the waters (dissolved and particulate phases) and sediments (Exchangeable and residual phases) were included. Physicochemical properties of the river (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium and magnesium) were studied. The average of the studied heavy metals in the dissolved phase of the water were 1.4 , 1.15 , 3.74 , 5.46 and 7.66 μg / l for Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations in the particulate form were 3.67, 110.23, 63.97, 732.98 and 167.2 μg/g for Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn, respectively. In the sediments, the concentrations of these heavy metals in the exchangeable phase were 2.53, 38.00, 43.45, 169.00 and 42.16μg/g for Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn, respectively. While in the residual phase were 2.54, 32.82, 50.33, 1452.75 and 53μg/g for Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe a...

The present investigation involves the study of qualitative, quantitative study of epipelic algae... more The present investigation involves the study of qualitative, quantitative study of epipelic algae and some environmental parameters of Al-Hilla River for the period from April 2009-March 2010. Six sites have been chosen along the studied river. The study included measuring some physical and chemical properties of water and sediments, and quality and quantity of epipelic algae as well as the measuring of chlorophyll a and phaeophytin pigments monthly. Results shown the following ranges: (7-40.5 ºC), (10-36.5 ºC), (11-35.5 ºC) for air, water and sediment temperature respectively. Values of pH showed a narrow range, TDS ranged (219-1280 mg/L), TSS ranged (12-75 mg/L), (600-895 μs/cm) and (0.384-0.572‰) for EC , S‰. While (0.15-0.45) m/Sec, (4.8-11) mg/l, (0.6-4.6) mg/l for water flow, DO and BOD 5 . Light alkalinity, very hardness values were recorded, while the concentrations of calcium were higher than magnesium. The concentration of nutrients ranged (N.D-9), (N.D.-82), (N .D-39-7) mg/l for nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate respectively. Silicates values varied between (0.35-39.5) μg/l. The sediment texture tended to be silty-clay and high values of TOC in sediments were recorded. Diatoms were the most dominant species among the identified algae followed by chlorophyceae, cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. A total of 58 genus with (116) species were recorded in site1, (55) genus, (121) species in site2, and (54) genus with (120) species in site3, (56) genus with (121) species in site4, and (55) genus, (112) species in the fifth place and (56) genus with (112) species in site 6. The most common taxa were Cyclotella, Scendesmus, Oscillatoria, Melosira, Synedra, Cocconeis and Nitzschia. High total number of epipelic algae observed in March 2010 in site 3, while the lowest number was recorded in August 2009 at site 4. Chlorophyll1 and Phaeophytin ranged (0.2-16.6) μg dm -2 and (N.D-9.05) μg dm -2 respectively. Closely values of Shannon index were recorded in all sites and Chandler scores was used in this study. ABSTRACT

Salman et al., Hydrol Current Res 2013, S13 http://dx.

Water Quality and some Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of Euphrates River, Iraq. Jasim Mohamm... more Water Quality and some Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of Euphrates River, Iraq. Jasim Mohammed Salman1*, and Hussain Allawi Hussain2 Abstract Water samples, sediments from three stations in Euphrates river ,Iraq were analyzed quantitatively for some physical and chemical characters and six heavy metals(Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb) using flam atomic absorption spectrophotpmeter in period Spt.2009 –Oct. 2010. Physical and chemical characters included Temperature ,pH,water flow, salinity ,dissolved oxygen , BOD 5, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium and nutrients ( nitrite, nitrate reactive phosphate ,and silicate ).Heavy metals assessment in dissolved and particulate phases in water and exchangeable and residual phases in sediment. The results showed variation in water flow (0.05-0.40)m/sec., according to the values of salinity (0.40-0.60)0% , the water of river was classified as oligosaline , values to the BOD5 were ranged between (0.2-4.3)mg/l ,this was accepted by world limitat...

ABSTRACT The adsorption characteristics of carbofuran on commercial activated carbon (CAC-F200) f... more ABSTRACT The adsorption characteristics of carbofuran on commercial activated carbon (CAC-F200) from aqueous solution were evaluated. Batch adsorption processes were conducted to study the effects of various parameters such as initial concentration, agitation time and solution pH on carbofuran adsorption. Adsorption capacity was found to increase with increase in initial concentration and agitation time, while acidic pH was more favorable for the adsorption of carbofuran. Equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm, yielding maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 97.1 mg/g at 30oC. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo second order kinetic model.

Adsorption isotherm and kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide on activated... more Adsorption isotherm and kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide on activated carbon prepared from Barhi date seeds were determined from batch tests. The effects of contact time, initial herbicide concentration and solution temperature were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium data were processed in accordance with the three most widely used adsorption isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The equilibrium data were best represented by Langmuir isotherm model, showing maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 175.4 mg/g. The kinetic data were also examined with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, and was found to follow closely the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (ΔH o), standard entropy (ΔS o) and standard free energy (ΔG o) were evaluated. The adsorption interaction was found to be endothermic in nature.

Activated carbon (AC) is used for the removal of many pollutants from aqueous solution by adsorpt... more Activated carbon (AC) is used for the removal of many pollutants from aqueous solution by adsorption. AC is the most widely used adsorbent material for adsorption due to its efficiency and economic feasibility. Preparation of activated carbon has been focused on agricultural by-products. Low cost adsorbents derived from agricultural wastes have demonstrated outstanding capabilities for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions. The use of cheap and environment-friendly adsorbent (date seeds) have been studied as an alternative substitution to activated carbon by physiochemical activation for the removal of pesticides, heavy metals, dyes and other pollutants from aqueous solutions.

Adsorption study of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous solution using commercial... more Adsorption study of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous solution using commercial coconut activated carbon (CAC) as adsorbent has been carried out in batch experiments revealed that the equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models and were found to be best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model; with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 300 mg/g at 30°C when the initial concentration was 50–300 mg/L. At the same time a fixed-bed adsorption study of 2,4-D from aqueous solution using CAC as adsorbent has been achieved using fixed-bed column where the effects of important factors such as the initial 2,4-D concentration, flow rate and bed height on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were evaluated. The results obtained confirmed that the breakthrough curves were dependent on initial pesticide concentrations, flow rate and bed height with the highest bed capacity of 50 mg/g at 150 mg/L initial 2, 4-D concen...

The adsorption of insecticide, carbofuran from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived fro... more The adsorption of insecticide, carbofuran from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from palm oil fronds (PFAC) was investigated through batch study. The effects of both initial concentration and pH of the carbofuran over the range of 25 to 250 mg/L and 2 to 12, respectively on the adsorption of PFAC were studied in batch experiments. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin isotherm models. The results obtained from application of these models show that the best fits were achieved with the Langmuir model and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 164 mg/g was obtained at 30°C. The regeneration efficiency of spent activated carbon was studied and it was found to be 90.0-96.4%. The results indicated that PFAC has good capability as adsorbent for the removal of carbofuran from aqueous solutions.

The adsorption of glyphosate from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from palm oil fr... more The adsorption of glyphosate from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from palm oil fronds (PFAC) was investigated through batch study. The effects of both initial concentration and pH of the glyphosat over the range of 25 to 250 mg/L and 2 to 12, respectively on the adsorption of the prepared PFAC were studied in batch experiments. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin isotherm models. The results obtained from application of these models show that the best fits were achieved with the Langmuir model and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 104.2 mg/g was obtained at 30 ºC. The regeneration efficiency of spent activated carbon was studied and it was found to be 94.0-96.1 %. The results indicated that PFAC has good capability as adsorbent for the removal of glyphosate from aqueous solutions.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)are important pollutants must be attention because of their toxicity, ... more Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)are important pollutants must be attention because of their toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. PAHs risks occur by conversion it to congeners similar to genetic components and produce the risk, and there are relationships among PAHs in environmental medium(water, sediments and organisms),physical and chemical properties for these medium and phytoplanktons. In this book there are some methods to extraction of PAHs(with some modified) from many environmental medium, measured it and measured the physical and chemical properties for these medium and study the phytoplanktons and analyzed by statistical process. Finally explain the using of some phytoplanktons as bioindicators, biosensors and biomonitors. This book very benefit for any searchers in PAHs, phytoplanktons and physical and chemical properties for water, sediments and organisms.

Biochemical markers (Total protein, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Acetylcholinesterase, and Metallothione... more Biochemical markers (Total protein, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Acetylcholinesterase, and Metallothioneins) induced by acute exposure of Zn&pb in Snail (Viviparus bengalensis) to show their response against these metals. These makers in snail sp. showed different significance response according to Zn acute exposure. So increased and decreased as reaction against acute exposure, The same trend adapted from biomarkers after pb acute exposure in snail sp. while the different response was appeared from these biomarkers after interaction acute exposure.

New technique of filtration which combining centrifugal separation (Vortex effect) and sand filtr... more New technique of filtration which combining centrifugal separation (Vortex effect) and sand filtration was used in this research study. In fact, it uses centrifugal force above the multi-layered media which helps to remove the suspended solids and significantly increases the effective filter surface within the tank. The turbulence produces a sustained cleaning action that forces the suspended solids to accumulate on top of the media surface. As a result, much finer sand can be used without clogging the media. The water, which is now largely free of impurities, is then filtered through the media and subsequently collected. Contaminants trapped above the sand are removed using an automatic backwash cycle which Vortisand requires less water and a shorter operating time than traditional sand filters. This process contributes to longer run cycles and much finer filtration levels. The Vortisand filter removes suspended particles down to 0.45 micron and to protect water systems from foulin...

Mesoporous activated carbon was prepared using olives seeds (OS) as a precursor adapting physioch... more Mesoporous activated carbon was prepared using olives seeds (OS) as a precursor adapting physiochemical activation method which consists of potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment and carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification. The effects of preparation conditions (activation temperature, time and chemical impregnation ratio) on the prepared olive seeds activated carbon (OSAC) yield and the removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were investigated. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential factor on each experimental design response was identified. The activated carbon preparation conditions were optimized both of the activated carbon yield and 2,4-D removal at maximum values. The predicted carbon yield and 2,4-D removal from the models agreed satisfactorily with the experimental values. CO2 activation temperature of 600 oC, CO2 activation time of 60 min and KOH: char impregnation ratio of 1.75 were the optimum conditions for preparing activated carbon from olive see...

Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology

Abstract It has been designed and implementation of a real time monitoring and control system to ... more Abstract It has been designed and implementation of a real time monitoring and control system to obtained primary picture of essential parameters drinking water which produces in the water purification stations. Upon passage of water through the system are measured basic specifications (temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, free chlorine and salinity), where water passes to be monitored directly and continuously from the main pipeline. This system was designed to enables us to monitor and control the basic standards drinking water parameters, continuously (On-line) and to take the decision before the arrival of drinking water to the customers.

The adsorption of herbicide bentazon from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from bra... more The adsorption of herbicide bentazon from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from branches of pomegranates trees (BPAC) was investigated through batch study. The effects of both initial concentration and pH of the bentazon over the range of 25 to 250 mg/L and 2 to 12, respectively on the adsorption of the prepared BPAC were studied in batch experiments. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin isotherm models. The results obtained from application of these models show that the best fits were achieved with the Langmuir model and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 80 mg/g was obtained at 30 °C. The regeneration efficiency of spent activated carbon was studied and it was found to be 92-96 %. The results indicated that BPAC has good capability as adsorbent for the removal of bentazon from aqueous solutions.

Twelve water samples were collected from four locations in Tigris River near the intake points of... more Twelve water samples were collected from four locations in Tigris River near the intake points of several drinking water stations namely Jisser Dyala, Al Towatha, Al Madain and Al Wahda drinking water stations, respectively, in south Baghdad-Iraq. At the same time twelve soil samples were collected from agriculture farms in same area of water sample. Both water and soil samples were collected through April 2012. The presented results revealed different values for physical, and chemical parameters for both water and soil samples studied. The chromatographic results for evaluation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using HPLC method, revealed high values in some station in the range between 0.22-52.51 ng/ml for water and 0.21-30.2 ng/ml for soil, which indicated that predominate PAH were Fluoranthene, Pyrene, naphthalene, Benzo (b) fluranthene and Benzo (k) fluranthene derivative in these samples, which were may be diffused from neighboring oil resources. In some polluted soil sample...

A Rapid, efficient and accurate reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was adopted , for si... more A Rapid, efficient and accurate reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was adopted , for simultaneously evaluation of most biogenic amines in serum . the biogenic amine were extracted from serum by using 0.5 M perchloric acid and derivatized with dansyl chloride, efficient gradient method was applied using fast liquid chromatographic ODS column (FLC) (50x4.6 mm I.D), 3µm particle size, the mobile phase solution were consist of 0.02 M ammonium acetate (solvent A), and acetonitrile (solvent B), flow rate 1mL/min, the eluted biogenic amine-dansyl chloride derivatives were monitored by UV at 254nm. The detection limit for all biogenic amine standard ranged between 0.1-0.5 ng/ml . the adult normal values of 12 biogenic amine were evaluated in 30healthy males and 20 healthy females volunteers, the recovery of spiked serum with biogenic amine in this study were between 72.2-104 %. The method were efficiently sparked with base line