Jati Waskito - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jati Waskito

Research paper thumbnail of Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai variabel efek khusus untuk kesadaran lingkungan dan pro-lingkungan perilaku pembelian produk hijau

The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of variables specific to environmental ... more The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of variables specific to environmental consciousness and pro-environmental green product purchasing behavior in Yogyakarta, Solo, and Semarang. Descriptive statistics of variables produce differences in the environmental awareness of the 156 participants. Interesting finding of this study is that all models showed a significant effect at the same predictor variables (environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, recycling behavior, political action) on the purchase behavior of environmentally friendly products in general (general purchasing behavior) and specifically (recycling paper production , not tested on animal, organic fruits & vegetabels, ozone friendly aerosol and environmental friendly detergentl). The results also showed low knowledge of the community to preserve the environment can be a good reason for socialization and learning for the public about the importance of environmental conservation. JEL Classificati...

Research paper thumbnail of Pengembangan dan Implementasi Model Strategi Pemasaran Berwawasan Lingkungan: Studi Empiris pada Masyarakat Jogyakarta, Solo, dan Semarang

Research paper thumbnail of PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN KHARISMATIK TERHADAP USAHA LEBIH BAWAHAN (Studi Empirik Pesantren Kota Surakarta)

Research paper thumbnail of Pengujian Model Terintegrasi Variabel Antecedents Dan Outcomes Pada Perceived Organizational Support (Pos)

Benefit Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 2006

This study was conducted at society health central throughout DIY to develop and testing a model ... more This study was conducted at society health central throughout DIY to develop and testing a model of the antecedent and consequences of POS, based on social exchange theory. All the variables adapted from expert in organizational study, all items were reliable and valid. Structural equation analyses indicate that POS have unique antecedents and are differentially related to outcome variables

Research paper thumbnail of The Mediation Role of the Multifocal Trust in the Relationship Between Justice and Organizational Commitment in Muhammadiyah Universities

Benefit Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived fairness, trust and organizatio... more The purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived fairness, trust and organizational commitment for contract employees. Specifically, this study aims to examine the mediating role of trust (towards leaders and organizations) on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. The respondents in this study were temporary lecturers at the five best Muhammadiyah private universities in Indonesia. The survey results found 182 lectures who were willing to become respondents. The results of this study that organizational justice cannot increase organizational commitment. Nevertheless, distributive and procedural justice can increase their trust in organizations. Similarly, informational justice can increase trust in supervisors. The results of this study showed the important role of trust in management and trust in supervisors as a mediator in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment.

Research paper thumbnail of Evolusi Pemikiran Manajemen Strategik

By the 1960s, large companies moved from the emphasis on operations, budgeting and control areas ... more By the 1960s, large companies moved from the emphasis on operations, budgeting and control areas to an emphasis on the complexity of evolving planning and environmental dynamism and the need for solutions to this situation from top managers demanding planning for the future and looking globally. This article aims to describe the evolution of strategic management thinking from the 1960s to 2000. Each decade has a dominant issue whose discussion is represented by a prominent strategist of his time. They are chosen because they lead to the concept of strategic thinking, tools, and certain techniques.

Research paper thumbnail of Green Consumer: Deskripsi Tingkat Kesadaran dan Kepedulian Masyarakat Joglosemar terhadap Kelestarian Lingkungan

Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 2012

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai variabel efek khusus untuk kesadaran lingku... more Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai variabel efek khusus untuk kesadaran lingkungan dan pro-lingkungan perilaku pembelian produk hijau di Jogyakarta, Solo, dan Semarang. Statistik deskriptif variabel menghasilkan perbedaan kesadaran lingkungan dari 156 peserta. Temuan menarik dari studi ini adalah bahwa semua model penelitian menunjukkan pengaruhsignifikan variabel prediktor secara bersamaan (environmental knowledge, environmental Attitude, recycling behavior, political action) terhadap perilaku pembelian produk ramah lingkungan secara umum (general purchasing behavior) maupun secara khusus (recycling paper production, not tested on animal, organic fruits & vegetabels, ozone friendly aerosol dan environmental friendly detergentl). Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan masih rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan ini dapat menjadi alasan yang kuat untuk melakukan sosialisasi dan pembelajaran bagi masyarakat tentang pentingnya pelestar...

Research paper thumbnail of Perbedaan Gender dan Sikap terhadap Peran Pekerjaan-Keluarga: Implikasinya pada Perkembangan Karir Wanita

This study attempts to examine wether the attitude to work an family roles of professional men an... more This study attempts to examine wether the attitude to work an family roles of professional men and women in Surakarta, follow the pattern suggested by adult development theories. The results indicate that there were no significant different between the scroes of men and women participants in work role during their life cycle. Nevertheless, there are some different role in the family (parental, marital, and homemaker) a long their life cycle

Research paper thumbnail of Pengaruh Relevance, Confusion, dan Entertainment Iklan Hijau terhadap Sikap Skeptis Konsumen

Research paper thumbnail of The Mediating Role of Environmental Concern and Perceived Consumer Effectiveness on the Relationship between Consumer Skepticism Toward Advertising and Green Purchasing Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of Environmental Concern (EC) and Per... more The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of Environmental Concern (EC) and Perceived Consumer Effectiveness (PCE) on the behavior of Green Purchasing. Survey with questionnaire instrument involving 299 respondents and using the structural equation model found the skeptical attitude towards direct effect on EC and PCE. PCE becomes a full-fledged mediating role in the influence of consumer skepticism toward advertising and consumer’s green purchasing behavior, unlike the EC that cannot mediate those relationships.

Research paper thumbnail of Green Lifestyle Warga Kota Solo

Green Lifestyle is focused to our care for this beloved earth. A lifestyle that really make this ... more Green Lifestyle is focused to our care for this beloved earth. A lifestyle that really make this earth as a “partner” in everyday life, not only as an “object” exploitation to make ends meet. Goals to be achieved through this study are as follows: 1. Make the description of eco-friendly lifestyle in Solo City residents 2. Analyze the relationship with the eco-friendly lifestyle demographic characteristics of residents of Solo Data collection in this study is survey method with questionnaire instruments. To test the hypothesis that distinguishes environmentally friendly lifestyle perceptions of respondents based on their demographic characteristics, this study uses one-way ANOVA. Based on the results of data analysis can also be concluded that people with higher education, older adult, married, and female sex have a lifestyle that is more environmentally friendly than less educated people, young, unmarried, and male sex.

Research paper thumbnail of Efek Moderasi Konflik dari Domain Pekerjaan dan Keluarga pada Work Family Conflict Outcomes

This paper explores job satisfaction and organizational commitment as outcomes of two types of co... more This paper explores job satisfaction and organizational commitment as outcomes of two types of conflict (work-family and family-work) and tests the moderating effects of conflict from one domain interfering with the other domain. In effect, this allows the combined effects of work-family conflict and family-work conflict to be viewed simultaneously. The direct effects were supported, with both work-family conflict and family-work conflict linking negatively with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. For the interaction effects, family-work conflict was found to intensify the negative relationships between work-family conflict and job satisfaction but not at organizational commitment. However, while high work-family conflict also intensified the negative relationships between family-work conflict and job satisfaction, but not at organizational commitment. The findings suggest employees experiencing high levels of both conflict types simultaneously have intensified negative ...

Research paper thumbnail of Memahami Praktik Perilaku Pro Lingkungan Berdasar pada Sikap, Norma, dan Perilaku Konsumen

Research paper thumbnail of The Mediation Role of the Multifocal Trust in the Relationship Between Justice and Organizational Commitment in Muhammadiyah Universities

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived fairness, trust and organizatio... more The purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived fairness, trust and organizational commitment for contract employees. Specifically, this study aims to examine the mediating role of trust (towards leaders and organizations) on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. The respondents in this study were temporary lecturers at the five best Muhammadiyah private universities in Indonesia. The survey results found 182 lectures who were willing to become respondents. T he results of this study that organizational justice cannot increase organizational commitment. Nevertheless, distributive and procedural justice can increase their trust in organizations. Similarly, informational justice can increase trust in supervisors. The results of this study showed the important role of trust in management and trust in supervisors as a mediator in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment.

Research paper thumbnail of Upaya Mengurangi Skeptisisme Iklan Hijau dalam Meningkatkan Perilaku Pembelian Produk Hijau

Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, Dec 23, 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of consumer involvement in environmental sust... more The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of consumer involvement in environmental sustainability, relevance, confusion, and entertainment from an ad impression of green against the skepticism of consumers through an approach of how far the company can deliver their messages more effectively. Survey by the instrument list of questions to get 299 residents of the city of Solo who participated in the study. The results of multiple regression analysis found that consumer involvement and relevance negative effect on consumer apathy towards green advertising. Variable confusion positive effect on consumer apathy towards green advertising. While variable entertain no significant effect on their skepticism.

Research paper thumbnail of Evolusi Pemikiran Manajemen Strategik Sebelum Era 2000-An

Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, Jun 15, 2017

By the 1960s, large companies moved from the emphasis on operations, budgeting and control areas ... more By the 1960s, large companies moved from the emphasis on operations, budgeting and control areas to an emphasis on the complexity of evolving planning and environmental dynamism and the need for solutions to this situation from top managers demanding planning for the future and looking globally. This article aims to describe the evolution of strategic management thinking from the 1960s to 2000. Each decade has a dominant issue whose discussion is represented by a prominent strategist of his time. They are chosen because they lead to the concept of strategic thinking, tools, and certain techniques.

Research paper thumbnail of Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Prioritas Karir Dan Keluarga

Research paper thumbnail of UPAYA MENINGKATKAN NIAT PEMBELIAN PRODUK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN MELALUI NILAI, RISIKO, dan KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP PRODUK HIJAU

ETIKONOMI, 2015

This study aims to analyze the public perception of value, risk, and trust of green products and ... more This study aims to analyze the public perception of value, risk, and trust of green products and developing green marketing model by considering the environmental friendliness of the product, the perception of the value of products, and the risk of products to enhance the consumer's intention to purchase green products. This research used 292 respondents as a sample research. Using a structural equations mode, this research found that the public reward and risk products significantly influence consumers' willingness to buy green products. While the trust is not able to increase green purchasing their desires, and cannot be moderating appreciation green value and green risk to increase green purchasing green

Research paper thumbnail of Pengembangan dan Implementasi Model Strategi Pemasaran Berwawasan Lingkungan: Studi Empiris pada Masyarakat Jogyakarta, Solo, dan Semarang

Research paper thumbnail of Observing pro-environmental behavior based on consumer attitudes and norms

Diponegoro International Journal of Business, Dec 31, 2019

This study aims to investigate the differences in underlying psychological aspects regarding pro-... more This study aims to investigate the differences in underlying psychological aspects regarding pro-environmental behavior between two distinct consumer groups: green product and non-green product consumers. Psychological aspects investigated includes cognitive attitude, affective attitude, social norm, and behavioral intention. Using survey, a total of 276 responses from Solo, Jogyakarta, and Semarang are succesfully collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to check the measurement model, while a multiple regression and MANOVA were performed to examine the proposed hypothesis. Compared to non-green product consumers, green product consumers exhibited significantly higher levels of cognitive attitude, affective attitude, social norm, personal norm, and green consumer behavior. Also cognitive, affective attitude, and personal norm predicted green consumer behavior. The limitations of this study include the self-reporting questionnare and the measurmenet of consumers' recycling intention rather than their actual behavior.

Research paper thumbnail of Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai variabel efek khusus untuk kesadaran lingkungan dan pro-lingkungan perilaku pembelian produk hijau

The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of variables specific to environmental ... more The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of variables specific to environmental consciousness and pro-environmental green product purchasing behavior in Yogyakarta, Solo, and Semarang. Descriptive statistics of variables produce differences in the environmental awareness of the 156 participants. Interesting finding of this study is that all models showed a significant effect at the same predictor variables (environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, recycling behavior, political action) on the purchase behavior of environmentally friendly products in general (general purchasing behavior) and specifically (recycling paper production , not tested on animal, organic fruits & vegetabels, ozone friendly aerosol and environmental friendly detergentl). The results also showed low knowledge of the community to preserve the environment can be a good reason for socialization and learning for the public about the importance of environmental conservation. JEL Classificati...

Research paper thumbnail of Pengembangan dan Implementasi Model Strategi Pemasaran Berwawasan Lingkungan: Studi Empiris pada Masyarakat Jogyakarta, Solo, dan Semarang

Research paper thumbnail of PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN KHARISMATIK TERHADAP USAHA LEBIH BAWAHAN (Studi Empirik Pesantren Kota Surakarta)

Research paper thumbnail of Pengujian Model Terintegrasi Variabel Antecedents Dan Outcomes Pada Perceived Organizational Support (Pos)

Benefit Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 2006

This study was conducted at society health central throughout DIY to develop and testing a model ... more This study was conducted at society health central throughout DIY to develop and testing a model of the antecedent and consequences of POS, based on social exchange theory. All the variables adapted from expert in organizational study, all items were reliable and valid. Structural equation analyses indicate that POS have unique antecedents and are differentially related to outcome variables

Research paper thumbnail of The Mediation Role of the Multifocal Trust in the Relationship Between Justice and Organizational Commitment in Muhammadiyah Universities

Benefit Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived fairness, trust and organizatio... more The purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived fairness, trust and organizational commitment for contract employees. Specifically, this study aims to examine the mediating role of trust (towards leaders and organizations) on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. The respondents in this study were temporary lecturers at the five best Muhammadiyah private universities in Indonesia. The survey results found 182 lectures who were willing to become respondents. The results of this study that organizational justice cannot increase organizational commitment. Nevertheless, distributive and procedural justice can increase their trust in organizations. Similarly, informational justice can increase trust in supervisors. The results of this study showed the important role of trust in management and trust in supervisors as a mediator in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment.

Research paper thumbnail of Evolusi Pemikiran Manajemen Strategik

By the 1960s, large companies moved from the emphasis on operations, budgeting and control areas ... more By the 1960s, large companies moved from the emphasis on operations, budgeting and control areas to an emphasis on the complexity of evolving planning and environmental dynamism and the need for solutions to this situation from top managers demanding planning for the future and looking globally. This article aims to describe the evolution of strategic management thinking from the 1960s to 2000. Each decade has a dominant issue whose discussion is represented by a prominent strategist of his time. They are chosen because they lead to the concept of strategic thinking, tools, and certain techniques.

Research paper thumbnail of Green Consumer: Deskripsi Tingkat Kesadaran dan Kepedulian Masyarakat Joglosemar terhadap Kelestarian Lingkungan

Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 2012

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai variabel efek khusus untuk kesadaran lingku... more Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai variabel efek khusus untuk kesadaran lingkungan dan pro-lingkungan perilaku pembelian produk hijau di Jogyakarta, Solo, dan Semarang. Statistik deskriptif variabel menghasilkan perbedaan kesadaran lingkungan dari 156 peserta. Temuan menarik dari studi ini adalah bahwa semua model penelitian menunjukkan pengaruhsignifikan variabel prediktor secara bersamaan (environmental knowledge, environmental Attitude, recycling behavior, political action) terhadap perilaku pembelian produk ramah lingkungan secara umum (general purchasing behavior) maupun secara khusus (recycling paper production, not tested on animal, organic fruits & vegetabels, ozone friendly aerosol dan environmental friendly detergentl). Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan masih rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan ini dapat menjadi alasan yang kuat untuk melakukan sosialisasi dan pembelajaran bagi masyarakat tentang pentingnya pelestar...

Research paper thumbnail of Perbedaan Gender dan Sikap terhadap Peran Pekerjaan-Keluarga: Implikasinya pada Perkembangan Karir Wanita

This study attempts to examine wether the attitude to work an family roles of professional men an... more This study attempts to examine wether the attitude to work an family roles of professional men and women in Surakarta, follow the pattern suggested by adult development theories. The results indicate that there were no significant different between the scroes of men and women participants in work role during their life cycle. Nevertheless, there are some different role in the family (parental, marital, and homemaker) a long their life cycle

Research paper thumbnail of Pengaruh Relevance, Confusion, dan Entertainment Iklan Hijau terhadap Sikap Skeptis Konsumen

Research paper thumbnail of The Mediating Role of Environmental Concern and Perceived Consumer Effectiveness on the Relationship between Consumer Skepticism Toward Advertising and Green Purchasing Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of Environmental Concern (EC) and Per... more The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of Environmental Concern (EC) and Perceived Consumer Effectiveness (PCE) on the behavior of Green Purchasing. Survey with questionnaire instrument involving 299 respondents and using the structural equation model found the skeptical attitude towards direct effect on EC and PCE. PCE becomes a full-fledged mediating role in the influence of consumer skepticism toward advertising and consumer’s green purchasing behavior, unlike the EC that cannot mediate those relationships.

Research paper thumbnail of Green Lifestyle Warga Kota Solo

Green Lifestyle is focused to our care for this beloved earth. A lifestyle that really make this ... more Green Lifestyle is focused to our care for this beloved earth. A lifestyle that really make this earth as a “partner” in everyday life, not only as an “object” exploitation to make ends meet. Goals to be achieved through this study are as follows: 1. Make the description of eco-friendly lifestyle in Solo City residents 2. Analyze the relationship with the eco-friendly lifestyle demographic characteristics of residents of Solo Data collection in this study is survey method with questionnaire instruments. To test the hypothesis that distinguishes environmentally friendly lifestyle perceptions of respondents based on their demographic characteristics, this study uses one-way ANOVA. Based on the results of data analysis can also be concluded that people with higher education, older adult, married, and female sex have a lifestyle that is more environmentally friendly than less educated people, young, unmarried, and male sex.

Research paper thumbnail of Efek Moderasi Konflik dari Domain Pekerjaan dan Keluarga pada Work Family Conflict Outcomes

This paper explores job satisfaction and organizational commitment as outcomes of two types of co... more This paper explores job satisfaction and organizational commitment as outcomes of two types of conflict (work-family and family-work) and tests the moderating effects of conflict from one domain interfering with the other domain. In effect, this allows the combined effects of work-family conflict and family-work conflict to be viewed simultaneously. The direct effects were supported, with both work-family conflict and family-work conflict linking negatively with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. For the interaction effects, family-work conflict was found to intensify the negative relationships between work-family conflict and job satisfaction but not at organizational commitment. However, while high work-family conflict also intensified the negative relationships between family-work conflict and job satisfaction, but not at organizational commitment. The findings suggest employees experiencing high levels of both conflict types simultaneously have intensified negative ...

Research paper thumbnail of Memahami Praktik Perilaku Pro Lingkungan Berdasar pada Sikap, Norma, dan Perilaku Konsumen

Research paper thumbnail of The Mediation Role of the Multifocal Trust in the Relationship Between Justice and Organizational Commitment in Muhammadiyah Universities

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived fairness, trust and organizatio... more The purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived fairness, trust and organizational commitment for contract employees. Specifically, this study aims to examine the mediating role of trust (towards leaders and organizations) on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. The respondents in this study were temporary lecturers at the five best Muhammadiyah private universities in Indonesia. The survey results found 182 lectures who were willing to become respondents. T he results of this study that organizational justice cannot increase organizational commitment. Nevertheless, distributive and procedural justice can increase their trust in organizations. Similarly, informational justice can increase trust in supervisors. The results of this study showed the important role of trust in management and trust in supervisors as a mediator in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment.

Research paper thumbnail of Upaya Mengurangi Skeptisisme Iklan Hijau dalam Meningkatkan Perilaku Pembelian Produk Hijau

Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, Dec 23, 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of consumer involvement in environmental sust... more The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of consumer involvement in environmental sustainability, relevance, confusion, and entertainment from an ad impression of green against the skepticism of consumers through an approach of how far the company can deliver their messages more effectively. Survey by the instrument list of questions to get 299 residents of the city of Solo who participated in the study. The results of multiple regression analysis found that consumer involvement and relevance negative effect on consumer apathy towards green advertising. Variable confusion positive effect on consumer apathy towards green advertising. While variable entertain no significant effect on their skepticism.

Research paper thumbnail of Evolusi Pemikiran Manajemen Strategik Sebelum Era 2000-An

Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, Jun 15, 2017

By the 1960s, large companies moved from the emphasis on operations, budgeting and control areas ... more By the 1960s, large companies moved from the emphasis on operations, budgeting and control areas to an emphasis on the complexity of evolving planning and environmental dynamism and the need for solutions to this situation from top managers demanding planning for the future and looking globally. This article aims to describe the evolution of strategic management thinking from the 1960s to 2000. Each decade has a dominant issue whose discussion is represented by a prominent strategist of his time. They are chosen because they lead to the concept of strategic thinking, tools, and certain techniques.

Research paper thumbnail of Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Prioritas Karir Dan Keluarga

Research paper thumbnail of UPAYA MENINGKATKAN NIAT PEMBELIAN PRODUK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN MELALUI NILAI, RISIKO, dan KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP PRODUK HIJAU

ETIKONOMI, 2015

This study aims to analyze the public perception of value, risk, and trust of green products and ... more This study aims to analyze the public perception of value, risk, and trust of green products and developing green marketing model by considering the environmental friendliness of the product, the perception of the value of products, and the risk of products to enhance the consumer's intention to purchase green products. This research used 292 respondents as a sample research. Using a structural equations mode, this research found that the public reward and risk products significantly influence consumers' willingness to buy green products. While the trust is not able to increase green purchasing their desires, and cannot be moderating appreciation green value and green risk to increase green purchasing green

Research paper thumbnail of Pengembangan dan Implementasi Model Strategi Pemasaran Berwawasan Lingkungan: Studi Empiris pada Masyarakat Jogyakarta, Solo, dan Semarang

Research paper thumbnail of Observing pro-environmental behavior based on consumer attitudes and norms

Diponegoro International Journal of Business, Dec 31, 2019

This study aims to investigate the differences in underlying psychological aspects regarding pro-... more This study aims to investigate the differences in underlying psychological aspects regarding pro-environmental behavior between two distinct consumer groups: green product and non-green product consumers. Psychological aspects investigated includes cognitive attitude, affective attitude, social norm, and behavioral intention. Using survey, a total of 276 responses from Solo, Jogyakarta, and Semarang are succesfully collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to check the measurement model, while a multiple regression and MANOVA were performed to examine the proposed hypothesis. Compared to non-green product consumers, green product consumers exhibited significantly higher levels of cognitive attitude, affective attitude, social norm, personal norm, and green consumer behavior. Also cognitive, affective attitude, and personal norm predicted green consumer behavior. The limitations of this study include the self-reporting questionnare and the measurmenet of consumers' recycling intention rather than their actual behavior.