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Research paper thumbnail of Socioeconomic status, cardiovascular risk profile, and premature coronary heart disease

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants

Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in the United States: A state-wise update

medRxiv, 2020

Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality in ethnic and racial sub-groups across a... more Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality in ethnic and racial sub-groups across all states in the United States. Methods: Publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic was accessed between 09/09/2020 and 09/14/2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American (AA), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, (AI/AN) and White), and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic), were recorded. Absolute and relative excess infection (AEI and REI) and mortality (AEM and REM) were computed as absolute and relative difference between % infection or % mortality and % population proportion for each state. Median (IQR) REI is provided below. Results: The Hispanic population had a median of 158% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median REI 158%, [IQR: 100% to 200%]). This was followed by AA, with 50% higher COVID-19 infection relativ...

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Health Among Non-Elderly Adults With Stroke in the United States

Research paper thumbnail of Social determinants of health and obesity: Findings from a national study of US adults

Research paper thumbnail of Contemporary national trends and disparities for head CT use in emergency department settings: Insights from National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) 2007–2017

Journal of the National Medical Association

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Transportation Barriers Among Adults with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Health Disparities for COVID-19 Mitigation Measures Among Adults with Cardiovascular Disease in United States

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19-related state-wise racial and ethnic disparities across the USA: an observational study based on publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project

BMJ Open, 2021

Objective To evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups... more Objective To evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups in a state-wise manner across the USA. Methods Publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic were accessed between 9 September 2020 and 14 September 2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, and % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American/black (AA/black), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and white) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic) were recorded. Crude and normalised disparity estimates were generated for COVID-19 infection (CDI and NDI) and mortality (CDM and NDM), computed as absolute and relative difference between % infection or % mortality and % population proportion per state. Choropleth map display was created as thematic representation proportionate to CDI, NDI, CDM and NDM. Results The Hispanic population had a median of 158% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % po...

Research paper thumbnail of Race and Ethnicity and Cardiometabolic Risk Profile: Disparities Across Income and Health Insurance in a National Sample of US Adults

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Suboptimal Cardiovascular Health Among Pregnant Women in the United States

Journal of the American Heart Association

Background Suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) and social determinants of health (SDOH) have a... more Background Suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) and social determinants of health (SDOH) have a significant impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association of SDOH with suboptimal CVH among pregnant women in the United States. Methods and Results We examined cross‐sectional data of pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years from the National Health Interview Survey (2013–2017). We ascertained optimal and suboptimal CVH based on the presence of 0 to 1 and ≥2 risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, current smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity), respectively. We calculated an aggregate SDOH score representing 38 variables from 6 domains (economic stability; neighborhood, physical environment, and social cohesion; community and social context; food; education; and healthcare system) and divided into quartiles. We used Poisson regression model to evaluate the association of SDOH with suboptimal CVH and risk factors. Our study inclu...

Research paper thumbnail of Trends in Premature Mortality From Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States, 1999 to 2019

Journal of the American Heart Association

Background Evaluating premature (<65 years of age) mortality because of acute myocardial infar... more Background Evaluating premature (<65 years of age) mortality because of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by demographic and regional characteristics may inform public health interventions. Methods and Results We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s WONDER (Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) death certificate database to examine premature (<65 years of age) age‐adjusted AMI mortality rates per 100 000 and average annual percentage change from 1999 to 2019. Overall, the age‐adjusted AMI mortality rate was 13.4 (95% CI, 13.3–13.5). Middle‐aged adults, men, non‐Hispanic Black adults, and rural counties had higher mortality than young adults, women, NH White adults, and urban counties, respectively. Between 1999 and 2019, the age‐adjusted AMI mortality rate decreased at an average annual percentage change of −3.4 per year (95% CI, −3.6 to −3.3), with the average annual percentage change showing higher decline in age‐adjusted AMI mortality rates a...

Research paper thumbnail of Letter to the Editor

Journal of Addiction Medicine

Research paper thumbnail of Social Vulnerability and Premature Cardiovascular Mortality Among US Counties, 2014 to 2018

Circulation

Background: Substantial differences exist between United States counties with regards to prematur... more Background: Substantial differences exist between United States counties with regards to premature (<65 years of age) cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Whether underlying social vulnerabilities of counties influence premature CVD mortality is uncertain. Methods: In this cross-sectional study (2014–2018), we linked county-level CDC/ATSDR SVI (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability Index) data with county-level CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research) mortality data. We calculated scores for overall SVI and its 4 subcomponents (ie, socioeconomic status; household composition and disability; minority status and language; and housing type and transportation) using 15 social attributes. Scores were presented as percentile rankings by county, further classified as quartiles on the basis of their distribution among all US counties (1st [lea...

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Risk Mitigation Measures Among Adults with Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

Background : Social determinants of health (SDOH) may limit the practice of COVID-19 risk mitigat... more Background : Social determinants of health (SDOH) may limit the practice of COVID-19 risk mitigation guidelines with health implications for individuals with underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). Population-based evidence of the association between SDOH and practicing such mitigation strategies in adults with CVD is lacking. We used the National Opinion Research Center's COVID-19 Household Impact Survey conducted between April and June 2020 to evaluate sociodemographic disparities in adherence to COVID-19 risk mitigation measures in a sample of respondents with underlying CVD representing 18 geographic areas of the United States (US). Methods : CVD status was ascertained by self-reported history of receiving heart disease, heart attack, or stroke diagnosis. We built de novo, a cumulative index of SDOH burden using education, insurance, economic stability, 30-day food security, urbanicity, neighborhood quality, and integration. We described the practice of measures under the b...

Research paper thumbnail of Big Data and Digital Solutions: Laying the Foundation for Cardiovascular Population ManagementCME

Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Community and Social Context: An Important Social Determinant of Cardiovascular Disease

Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Health and Cardiovascular Disease: Current State and Future Directions Towards Healthcare Equity

Current Atherosclerosis Reports

Research paper thumbnail of Financial Hardship Among Nonelderly Adults With CKD in the United States

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

Research paper thumbnail of Heterogeneity in cardio-metabolic risk factors and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among Asian groups in the United States

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Research paper thumbnail of Socioeconomic status, cardiovascular risk profile, and premature coronary heart disease

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants

Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in the United States: A state-wise update

medRxiv, 2020

Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality in ethnic and racial sub-groups across a... more Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality in ethnic and racial sub-groups across all states in the United States. Methods: Publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic was accessed between 09/09/2020 and 09/14/2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American (AA), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, (AI/AN) and White), and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic), were recorded. Absolute and relative excess infection (AEI and REI) and mortality (AEM and REM) were computed as absolute and relative difference between % infection or % mortality and % population proportion for each state. Median (IQR) REI is provided below. Results: The Hispanic population had a median of 158% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median REI 158%, [IQR: 100% to 200%]). This was followed by AA, with 50% higher COVID-19 infection relativ...

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Health Among Non-Elderly Adults With Stroke in the United States

Research paper thumbnail of Social determinants of health and obesity: Findings from a national study of US adults

Research paper thumbnail of Contemporary national trends and disparities for head CT use in emergency department settings: Insights from National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) 2007–2017

Journal of the National Medical Association

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Transportation Barriers Among Adults with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Health Disparities for COVID-19 Mitigation Measures Among Adults with Cardiovascular Disease in United States

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19-related state-wise racial and ethnic disparities across the USA: an observational study based on publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project

BMJ Open, 2021

Objective To evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups... more Objective To evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups in a state-wise manner across the USA. Methods Publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic were accessed between 9 September 2020 and 14 September 2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, and % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American/black (AA/black), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and white) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic) were recorded. Crude and normalised disparity estimates were generated for COVID-19 infection (CDI and NDI) and mortality (CDM and NDM), computed as absolute and relative difference between % infection or % mortality and % population proportion per state. Choropleth map display was created as thematic representation proportionate to CDI, NDI, CDM and NDM. Results The Hispanic population had a median of 158% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % po...

Research paper thumbnail of Race and Ethnicity and Cardiometabolic Risk Profile: Disparities Across Income and Health Insurance in a National Sample of US Adults

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Suboptimal Cardiovascular Health Among Pregnant Women in the United States

Journal of the American Heart Association

Background Suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) and social determinants of health (SDOH) have a... more Background Suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) and social determinants of health (SDOH) have a significant impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association of SDOH with suboptimal CVH among pregnant women in the United States. Methods and Results We examined cross‐sectional data of pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years from the National Health Interview Survey (2013–2017). We ascertained optimal and suboptimal CVH based on the presence of 0 to 1 and ≥2 risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, current smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity), respectively. We calculated an aggregate SDOH score representing 38 variables from 6 domains (economic stability; neighborhood, physical environment, and social cohesion; community and social context; food; education; and healthcare system) and divided into quartiles. We used Poisson regression model to evaluate the association of SDOH with suboptimal CVH and risk factors. Our study inclu...

Research paper thumbnail of Trends in Premature Mortality From Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States, 1999 to 2019

Journal of the American Heart Association

Background Evaluating premature (<65 years of age) mortality because of acute myocardial infar... more Background Evaluating premature (<65 years of age) mortality because of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by demographic and regional characteristics may inform public health interventions. Methods and Results We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s WONDER (Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) death certificate database to examine premature (<65 years of age) age‐adjusted AMI mortality rates per 100 000 and average annual percentage change from 1999 to 2019. Overall, the age‐adjusted AMI mortality rate was 13.4 (95% CI, 13.3–13.5). Middle‐aged adults, men, non‐Hispanic Black adults, and rural counties had higher mortality than young adults, women, NH White adults, and urban counties, respectively. Between 1999 and 2019, the age‐adjusted AMI mortality rate decreased at an average annual percentage change of −3.4 per year (95% CI, −3.6 to −3.3), with the average annual percentage change showing higher decline in age‐adjusted AMI mortality rates a...

Research paper thumbnail of Letter to the Editor

Journal of Addiction Medicine

Research paper thumbnail of Social Vulnerability and Premature Cardiovascular Mortality Among US Counties, 2014 to 2018

Circulation

Background: Substantial differences exist between United States counties with regards to prematur... more Background: Substantial differences exist between United States counties with regards to premature (<65 years of age) cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Whether underlying social vulnerabilities of counties influence premature CVD mortality is uncertain. Methods: In this cross-sectional study (2014–2018), we linked county-level CDC/ATSDR SVI (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability Index) data with county-level CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research) mortality data. We calculated scores for overall SVI and its 4 subcomponents (ie, socioeconomic status; household composition and disability; minority status and language; and housing type and transportation) using 15 social attributes. Scores were presented as percentile rankings by county, further classified as quartiles on the basis of their distribution among all US counties (1st [lea...

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Risk Mitigation Measures Among Adults with Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

Background : Social determinants of health (SDOH) may limit the practice of COVID-19 risk mitigat... more Background : Social determinants of health (SDOH) may limit the practice of COVID-19 risk mitigation guidelines with health implications for individuals with underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). Population-based evidence of the association between SDOH and practicing such mitigation strategies in adults with CVD is lacking. We used the National Opinion Research Center's COVID-19 Household Impact Survey conducted between April and June 2020 to evaluate sociodemographic disparities in adherence to COVID-19 risk mitigation measures in a sample of respondents with underlying CVD representing 18 geographic areas of the United States (US). Methods : CVD status was ascertained by self-reported history of receiving heart disease, heart attack, or stroke diagnosis. We built de novo, a cumulative index of SDOH burden using education, insurance, economic stability, 30-day food security, urbanicity, neighborhood quality, and integration. We described the practice of measures under the b...

Research paper thumbnail of Big Data and Digital Solutions: Laying the Foundation for Cardiovascular Population ManagementCME

Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Community and Social Context: An Important Social Determinant of Cardiovascular Disease

Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Social Determinants of Health and Cardiovascular Disease: Current State and Future Directions Towards Healthcare Equity

Current Atherosclerosis Reports

Research paper thumbnail of Financial Hardship Among Nonelderly Adults With CKD in the United States

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

Research paper thumbnail of Heterogeneity in cardio-metabolic risk factors and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among Asian groups in the United States

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology