Jay Garland - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jay Garland

Research paper thumbnail of Compatibility Assessment of Membrane Processes for Closed-Loop Water Recovery and Recycling

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007, 2007

Closed-loop water recovery and recycling systems are receiving attention for industrial and munic... more Closed-loop water recovery and recycling systems are receiving attention for industrial and municipal water treatment applications due to the increasing concern over water use and the need for developing more efficient systems for water treatment. Closed-loop water recovery is especially important for space travel and has a wide range of applications on Earth. Membrane filtration processes are often considered for down stream treatment to improve water quality due to the ability of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes to reject contaminants while passing relatively pure water. However, integration of treatment processes requires in depth analysis of design and operational parameters based on the upstream process characteristics and downstream performance expectations. This paper presents the important design and operational performance parameters for interfacing membrane filtration systems with aerobic membrane bioreactors based on the experimental studies conducted at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The experiments were conducted with the effluent from the aerobic rotational membrane system (ARMS) to assess the downstream compatibility of the bioreactor effluent with membrane filtration. ARMS is a compact membrane bioreactor which converts ammonia to nitrates in wastewater. Oxygen is provided through the rotating hallow fiber membrane module which supports the biofilm. A series of cross flow filtration tests were run using an RO membrane (BW30LE) by Filmtech (Dow North America, Midland, Michigan) and SEPA CFII membrane test cell (Osmonics, Clearwater, Minnesota). The performance parameters inclusing flux, fouling potential, operational compatibility, and biofouling potential of the membrane were evaluated.

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment of Spacecraft Wastewater in a Submerged-Membrane Biological Reactor

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Microbial Growth on Feed Stability and Delivery in a Denitrifying Fixed Bed Reactor Designed for Space Flight to Recycle Graywater

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of The Utilization of Recovered Nutrients from Composted Inedible Wheat Biomass to Support Plant Growth for BLSS

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Passive Experimental Microbial Systems: A Research Platform for the Analysis of Microbial Community Assembly in Spaceflight Ecosystems

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Utilization of Recovered Inorganic Nutrients From Composted Fresh or Oven-Dried Inedible Plant Biomass for Supporting Growth of Wheat in a BLSS

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Development and Testing of Inocula for Biodegradation of Igepon Under Denitrifying Conditions

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Monitoring Performance of a Denitrifying Reactor Designed for Shuttle Testing

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Microbial Requirements for Optimal Surfactant Degradation in a Denitrifying, Fixed-Bed Bioreactor

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Testing Bioregenerative Waste Processing Approaches in BIO-Plex

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment of an Early Planetary Base Wastestream in a Rotating Hollow Fiber Membrane Reactor

Earth & Space 2006, 2006

The Advance Life Support (ALS) community has intensively researched bioreactors utilizing membran... more The Advance Life Support (ALS) community has intensively researched bioreactors utilizing membrane dissolution technology for bioregenerative water recovery applications. The inherent benefits of bubble less oxygen transfer make them attractive for microgravity ...

Research paper thumbnail of Design and Initial Tests of a Denitrification Composter to Stabilize Space-Mission Trash

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Manual of environmental microbiology

ASM Press eBooks, 2007

This book, which is a third edition, contains 101 chapters describing the natural activities and ... more This book, which is a third edition, contains 101 chapters describing the natural activities and fate of microbes in air, water and soil, as well as their impact on the environment, human health and welfare. Five general areas are detailed in the book, ie, the basic principles of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Silica Entrapment of Biofilms in Membrane Bioreactors for Water Regeneration

Research paper thumbnail of Manual of Environmental Microbiology

Wiley eBooks, May 14, 2007

This book, which is a third edition, contains 101 chapters describing the natural activities and ... more This book, which is a third edition, contains 101 chapters describing the natural activities and fate of microbes in air, water and soil, as well as their impact on the environment, human health and welfare. Five general areas are detailed in the book, ie, the basic principles of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Methods for Soil Metagenomics: Extraction and Cloning of Soil DNA

Metagenomics (synonymous with environmental or community genomics) is the construction and analys... more Metagenomics (synonymous with environmental or community genomics) is the construction and analysis of libraries containing random DNA fragments cloned from naturally occurring microbial communities. The goals are to (i) describe the genomic structure of microbial communities, (ii) decipher the physiology and ecology of uncultured prokaryotes, and (iii) identify novel genes, enzymes, and molecules for biotechnology. Most methods for extracting DNA from soil are intended for PCR-based applications such as the amplification of 16S rRNA or other genes rather than direct cloning, which is especially challenging because of humic acids in soil that coextract with DNA and inhibit restriction enzymes. This chapter provides detailed methods to obtain DNA of sufficient purity for cloning into plasmid, cosmid, fosmid, or bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors. The most common techniques for soil metagenomic library construction entail partial digestion of soil DNA with various restriction enzymes. Chemical and enzymatic lysis methods are normally employed, which may bias the extraction towards easily lysed cells. There are two basic approaches to high-molecular- weight (HMW) DNA extraction from soil: (i) direct lysis of cells in the soil matrix and (ii) separation of cells from soil followed by lysis. Cell separation is more time-consuming than direct lysis, but larger DNA can be extracted when the cells are embedded and lysed within an agarose plug.

Research paper thumbnail of Development and Molecular Characterization of Microbial Inocula for Initiation of Graywater Waste Processing Systems on Long-Term Space Flights

SAE technical paper series, Jul 7, 2003

Microorganisms will be an integral part of biologically based waste processing systems used for w... more Microorganisms will be an integral part of biologically based waste processing systems used for water purification or nutrient recycling on space flights. Establishment of these systems with a defined group of microorganisms will provide a standardized means for conferring specific properties to the system. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from a clonal library of organisms from a graywater-degrading rhizosphere community suggested that members of the Cytophagales and Proteobacter phylogenetic groups dominated. A clonal library of organisms from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was more diverse and consisted of organisms from more phylogenetic groups. This analysis provided the basis for selection of organisms for use in a defined, constructed community and for selection of a source of an undefined, complex microbial inoculum. The constructed community and the sludge inoculum were inoculated into a model plant rhizosphere waste processing system to evaluate survival. Based on plant, microbiological and molecular biological measures, it appeared that both inoculated communities were able to become established and persist in this model wastewater processing system.Fil: Cook, Kimberly L.. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Garret, Victoria. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Layton, Alice C.. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Dionisi, Hebe Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Sayler, Gary S.. University of Tennessee; Estados Unido

Research paper thumbnail of Survival of Human-Associated Bacteria in Prototype Advanced Life Support Systems

SAE technical paper series, Jul 12, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis and interpretation of community-level physiological profiles in microbial ecology

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Jan 17, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation, Enumeration, Growth, and Preservation of Acidophilic Prokaryotes

The study of extreme environments and the microorganisms that inhabit these environments, the so-... more The study of extreme environments and the microorganisms that inhabit these environments, the so-called extremophiles, has become increasingly popular in recent years. One important class of extreme environments is those of low pH, which are inhabited by prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms referred to as acidophiles. The ability of microbes to grow at low pH is a seemingly ancient trait, as acidophiles are widely distributed throughout the two prokaryotic domains. Heterotrophic acidophiles can be enriched for, and cultivated in, liquid media containing a variety of single or complex carbon sources. Iron-oxidizing acidophiles were particularly problematic, with some (e.g., Leptospirillum ferrooxidans) being categorized as being incapable of growing on solid media. Recent advances in this area have led to the development of techniques that allow all categorized species of acidophilic prokaryotes to be grown on solid media. Most probable number (MPN) microbial counts of cultures in specified liquid media (e.g., acidic ferrous sulfate medium) and incubated at an appropriate temperature continue to be used to enumerate acidophiles on a physiological basis. More recently, 16S rRNA gene libraries have been prepared from DNA samples obtained at an abandoned pyrite mine at the Iron Mountain site and acidic geothermal sites on the volcanic island of Montserrat.

Research paper thumbnail of Compatibility Assessment of Membrane Processes for Closed-Loop Water Recovery and Recycling

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007, 2007

Closed-loop water recovery and recycling systems are receiving attention for industrial and munic... more Closed-loop water recovery and recycling systems are receiving attention for industrial and municipal water treatment applications due to the increasing concern over water use and the need for developing more efficient systems for water treatment. Closed-loop water recovery is especially important for space travel and has a wide range of applications on Earth. Membrane filtration processes are often considered for down stream treatment to improve water quality due to the ability of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes to reject contaminants while passing relatively pure water. However, integration of treatment processes requires in depth analysis of design and operational parameters based on the upstream process characteristics and downstream performance expectations. This paper presents the important design and operational performance parameters for interfacing membrane filtration systems with aerobic membrane bioreactors based on the experimental studies conducted at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The experiments were conducted with the effluent from the aerobic rotational membrane system (ARMS) to assess the downstream compatibility of the bioreactor effluent with membrane filtration. ARMS is a compact membrane bioreactor which converts ammonia to nitrates in wastewater. Oxygen is provided through the rotating hallow fiber membrane module which supports the biofilm. A series of cross flow filtration tests were run using an RO membrane (BW30LE) by Filmtech (Dow North America, Midland, Michigan) and SEPA CFII membrane test cell (Osmonics, Clearwater, Minnesota). The performance parameters inclusing flux, fouling potential, operational compatibility, and biofouling potential of the membrane were evaluated.

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment of Spacecraft Wastewater in a Submerged-Membrane Biological Reactor

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Microbial Growth on Feed Stability and Delivery in a Denitrifying Fixed Bed Reactor Designed for Space Flight to Recycle Graywater

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of The Utilization of Recovered Nutrients from Composted Inedible Wheat Biomass to Support Plant Growth for BLSS

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Passive Experimental Microbial Systems: A Research Platform for the Analysis of Microbial Community Assembly in Spaceflight Ecosystems

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Utilization of Recovered Inorganic Nutrients From Composted Fresh or Oven-Dried Inedible Plant Biomass for Supporting Growth of Wheat in a BLSS

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Development and Testing of Inocula for Biodegradation of Igepon Under Denitrifying Conditions

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Monitoring Performance of a Denitrifying Reactor Designed for Shuttle Testing

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Microbial Requirements for Optimal Surfactant Degradation in a Denitrifying, Fixed-Bed Bioreactor

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Testing Bioregenerative Waste Processing Approaches in BIO-Plex

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment of an Early Planetary Base Wastestream in a Rotating Hollow Fiber Membrane Reactor

Earth & Space 2006, 2006

The Advance Life Support (ALS) community has intensively researched bioreactors utilizing membran... more The Advance Life Support (ALS) community has intensively researched bioreactors utilizing membrane dissolution technology for bioregenerative water recovery applications. The inherent benefits of bubble less oxygen transfer make them attractive for microgravity ...

Research paper thumbnail of Design and Initial Tests of a Denitrification Composter to Stabilize Space-Mission Trash

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Manual of environmental microbiology

ASM Press eBooks, 2007

This book, which is a third edition, contains 101 chapters describing the natural activities and ... more This book, which is a third edition, contains 101 chapters describing the natural activities and fate of microbes in air, water and soil, as well as their impact on the environment, human health and welfare. Five general areas are detailed in the book, ie, the basic principles of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Silica Entrapment of Biofilms in Membrane Bioreactors for Water Regeneration

Research paper thumbnail of Manual of Environmental Microbiology

Wiley eBooks, May 14, 2007

This book, which is a third edition, contains 101 chapters describing the natural activities and ... more This book, which is a third edition, contains 101 chapters describing the natural activities and fate of microbes in air, water and soil, as well as their impact on the environment, human health and welfare. Five general areas are detailed in the book, ie, the basic principles of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Methods for Soil Metagenomics: Extraction and Cloning of Soil DNA

Metagenomics (synonymous with environmental or community genomics) is the construction and analys... more Metagenomics (synonymous with environmental or community genomics) is the construction and analysis of libraries containing random DNA fragments cloned from naturally occurring microbial communities. The goals are to (i) describe the genomic structure of microbial communities, (ii) decipher the physiology and ecology of uncultured prokaryotes, and (iii) identify novel genes, enzymes, and molecules for biotechnology. Most methods for extracting DNA from soil are intended for PCR-based applications such as the amplification of 16S rRNA or other genes rather than direct cloning, which is especially challenging because of humic acids in soil that coextract with DNA and inhibit restriction enzymes. This chapter provides detailed methods to obtain DNA of sufficient purity for cloning into plasmid, cosmid, fosmid, or bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors. The most common techniques for soil metagenomic library construction entail partial digestion of soil DNA with various restriction enzymes. Chemical and enzymatic lysis methods are normally employed, which may bias the extraction towards easily lysed cells. There are two basic approaches to high-molecular- weight (HMW) DNA extraction from soil: (i) direct lysis of cells in the soil matrix and (ii) separation of cells from soil followed by lysis. Cell separation is more time-consuming than direct lysis, but larger DNA can be extracted when the cells are embedded and lysed within an agarose plug.

Research paper thumbnail of Development and Molecular Characterization of Microbial Inocula for Initiation of Graywater Waste Processing Systems on Long-Term Space Flights

SAE technical paper series, Jul 7, 2003

Microorganisms will be an integral part of biologically based waste processing systems used for w... more Microorganisms will be an integral part of biologically based waste processing systems used for water purification or nutrient recycling on space flights. Establishment of these systems with a defined group of microorganisms will provide a standardized means for conferring specific properties to the system. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from a clonal library of organisms from a graywater-degrading rhizosphere community suggested that members of the Cytophagales and Proteobacter phylogenetic groups dominated. A clonal library of organisms from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was more diverse and consisted of organisms from more phylogenetic groups. This analysis provided the basis for selection of organisms for use in a defined, constructed community and for selection of a source of an undefined, complex microbial inoculum. The constructed community and the sludge inoculum were inoculated into a model plant rhizosphere waste processing system to evaluate survival. Based on plant, microbiological and molecular biological measures, it appeared that both inoculated communities were able to become established and persist in this model wastewater processing system.Fil: Cook, Kimberly L.. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Garret, Victoria. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Layton, Alice C.. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Dionisi, Hebe Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Sayler, Gary S.. University of Tennessee; Estados Unido

Research paper thumbnail of Survival of Human-Associated Bacteria in Prototype Advanced Life Support Systems

SAE technical paper series, Jul 12, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis and interpretation of community-level physiological profiles in microbial ecology

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Jan 17, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation, Enumeration, Growth, and Preservation of Acidophilic Prokaryotes

The study of extreme environments and the microorganisms that inhabit these environments, the so-... more The study of extreme environments and the microorganisms that inhabit these environments, the so-called extremophiles, has become increasingly popular in recent years. One important class of extreme environments is those of low pH, which are inhabited by prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms referred to as acidophiles. The ability of microbes to grow at low pH is a seemingly ancient trait, as acidophiles are widely distributed throughout the two prokaryotic domains. Heterotrophic acidophiles can be enriched for, and cultivated in, liquid media containing a variety of single or complex carbon sources. Iron-oxidizing acidophiles were particularly problematic, with some (e.g., Leptospirillum ferrooxidans) being categorized as being incapable of growing on solid media. Recent advances in this area have led to the development of techniques that allow all categorized species of acidophilic prokaryotes to be grown on solid media. Most probable number (MPN) microbial counts of cultures in specified liquid media (e.g., acidic ferrous sulfate medium) and incubated at an appropriate temperature continue to be used to enumerate acidophiles on a physiological basis. More recently, 16S rRNA gene libraries have been prepared from DNA samples obtained at an abandoned pyrite mine at the Iron Mountain site and acidic geothermal sites on the volcanic island of Montserrat.