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Papers by Jayakumar Kambam
Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 1996
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Oct 1, 1993
Pain, 1990
Surgery and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 Abs No 884 INTRODUCTION: Sub... more Surgery and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 Abs No 884 INTRODUCTION: Substance P (SP), a member of the tachykinin peptide famil'y, is an undecapeptide. There are data indicating that SP containing cardiac afferents could participate in cardiovascular reflexes and the transmission of cardiac pain. Investigators have shown that SP regulates the sinus node and coronary blood flow. SP has been detected in biological fluids including plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The significance of presence of SP in these body fluids remains to be understood. The presence of SP and beta-endorphin (BE) in the pericardial fluid (P Fluid) has not been studied. The purpose of our present study was to investigate the presence of SP and BE in the P Fluid and compare those levels with plasma levels in patients with and without a history of angina pectoris. METHODS AND RESULTS: With the approval of our Institutional Review Board we included two groups of patients in this study. Group I consisted of nine patients undergoing valvular surgery. Group II consisted of ten patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Before the pericardiotomy was performed, 5ml of P Fluid and 5ml of blood were collected. A radioimmunoassay was used in the determination of SP and BE levels and the values expressed as fmol/mg protein. Fluid P Plasma sp BE sp BE ANGINA 1.7+0.2 0.16+0.1 0.47+0.3 0.06+0.06 NO ANGINA 0.9+0.2 0.16+0.1 0.45+0.1 0.07+0.06 P <0.03 NS NS NS DISCUSSION: SP is widely distributed in pathways involved in the central regulation of the cardiovascular system. The regulatory function of SP seems to be connected with the system of endogenous opiod system and with the adrenergic system. Our study demonstrated that SP levels in P fluid are significantly higher (P<O.O3, t test) in patients with angina pectoris and this may have symptomatic implications.
Research in Experimental Medicine, 1995
Survey of Anesthesiology, 1989
Plasma cholinesterase activity levels were studied in 15 pregnant patients with preeclampsia befo... more Plasma cholinesterase activity levels were studied in 15 pregnant patients with preeclampsia before and after the administration of therapeutic doses of magnesium sulfate. Plasma cholinesterase activity was also studied in 15 healthy nonpregnant and 15 healthy pregnant women. The mean plasma cholinesterase activity level in pregnant patients with preeclampsia before and after the administration of magnesium sulfate was 179 ± 26 and 176 ± 39 units/ml, respectively. The healthy nonpregnant patients and healthy pregnant patients had a plasma cholinesterase activity level of 426 ± 85 and 264 ± 24 units/ml, respectively. Our data demonstrated that magnesium has no significant effect on plasma cholinesterase activity. Our data also confirm that there is a significant reduction in plasma cholinesterase activity in pregnant patients with preeclampsia compared with either healthy nonpregnant or healthy pregnant patients. We conclude that the low level of plasma cholinesterase activity is probably responsible for the prolonged action of succinylcholine in pregnant patients with preeclampsia receiving magnesium sulfate.
Regulatory Peptides, 1988
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1994
We investigated whether alcohol pretreatment would affect the disposition and metabolic pattern o... more We investigated whether alcohol pretreatment would affect the disposition and metabolic pattern of intravenously (i.v.) administered cocaine in pigs. Six pigs (Group A) received alcohol (1 g/kg/day) and six pigs (control; Group D) received an equal volume of isocaloric dextrose 44% in water for 10 days via an intragastric tube. On day 11, arterial samples were taken for five hours following an intravenous administration of cocaine hydrochloride (4 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations of cocaine and its major metabolites were analyzed by HPLC method. Significant decrease in plasma half-life (10 +/- 1.2 vs. 18.7 +/- 1.4 min), and significant increases in apparent volume of distribution (73 +/- 6 vs. 51 +/- 31) and clearance (5.37 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.82 +/- 0.1 l/min) were seen in alcohol pretreated pigs as compared with control pigs (P < 0.05). Significant increases in plasma concentrations of benzoylecgonine (P < 0.05), and insignificant differences in ecgonine methyl ester and norcocaine levels were seen between the two groups. Neither ecgonine nor cocaethylene was detected in the blood samples. Our data show that alcohol administration for ten days accelerated the elimination of i.v. administered cocaine and altered its metabolic pattern in pigs.
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 1987
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 1990
The efficacy of prophylactic administration of H1 and H2 receptor blockers to prevent adverse hae... more The efficacy of prophylactic administration of H1 and H2 receptor blockers to prevent adverse haemodynamic responses to heparin and protamine was studied. The control group (n=10) received no histamine receptor blocker, group H1 (n=10) received oral terfenadine 60 mg, group H2 (n=10) received oral ranitidine 300 mg, and group H1+H2 (n=10) received both terfenadine and ranitidine on the night before the operation and on call to the operating room. Heparin sulphate 300 U/kg was injected directly into the right atrium, and protamine hydrochloride was administered at the conclusion of bypass over at least three minutes through a peripheral route. Following the injection of heparin, plasma histamine-like activity (H-LA) was increased significantly in all four groups. While systolic, diastolic, mean arterial and central venous pressures were decreased significantly in the control group, no significant changes were observed in the H1 and H2 groups. Protamine infusion did not lead to an increase in H-LA. Prophylactic administration of histamine receptor blockers (H1 or H2) attenuated the heparin-induced adverse haemodynamic response but did not change the protamine-related haemodynamic effects. Factors other than histamine may play a major role in protamine induced cardiovascular changes.
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 1990
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 1988
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1993
Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 1996
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Oct 1, 1993
Pain, 1990
Surgery and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 Abs No 884 INTRODUCTION: Sub... more Surgery and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 Abs No 884 INTRODUCTION: Substance P (SP), a member of the tachykinin peptide famil'y, is an undecapeptide. There are data indicating that SP containing cardiac afferents could participate in cardiovascular reflexes and the transmission of cardiac pain. Investigators have shown that SP regulates the sinus node and coronary blood flow. SP has been detected in biological fluids including plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The significance of presence of SP in these body fluids remains to be understood. The presence of SP and beta-endorphin (BE) in the pericardial fluid (P Fluid) has not been studied. The purpose of our present study was to investigate the presence of SP and BE in the P Fluid and compare those levels with plasma levels in patients with and without a history of angina pectoris. METHODS AND RESULTS: With the approval of our Institutional Review Board we included two groups of patients in this study. Group I consisted of nine patients undergoing valvular surgery. Group II consisted of ten patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Before the pericardiotomy was performed, 5ml of P Fluid and 5ml of blood were collected. A radioimmunoassay was used in the determination of SP and BE levels and the values expressed as fmol/mg protein. Fluid P Plasma sp BE sp BE ANGINA 1.7+0.2 0.16+0.1 0.47+0.3 0.06+0.06 NO ANGINA 0.9+0.2 0.16+0.1 0.45+0.1 0.07+0.06 P <0.03 NS NS NS DISCUSSION: SP is widely distributed in pathways involved in the central regulation of the cardiovascular system. The regulatory function of SP seems to be connected with the system of endogenous opiod system and with the adrenergic system. Our study demonstrated that SP levels in P fluid are significantly higher (P<O.O3, t test) in patients with angina pectoris and this may have symptomatic implications.
Research in Experimental Medicine, 1995
Survey of Anesthesiology, 1989
Plasma cholinesterase activity levels were studied in 15 pregnant patients with preeclampsia befo... more Plasma cholinesterase activity levels were studied in 15 pregnant patients with preeclampsia before and after the administration of therapeutic doses of magnesium sulfate. Plasma cholinesterase activity was also studied in 15 healthy nonpregnant and 15 healthy pregnant women. The mean plasma cholinesterase activity level in pregnant patients with preeclampsia before and after the administration of magnesium sulfate was 179 ± 26 and 176 ± 39 units/ml, respectively. The healthy nonpregnant patients and healthy pregnant patients had a plasma cholinesterase activity level of 426 ± 85 and 264 ± 24 units/ml, respectively. Our data demonstrated that magnesium has no significant effect on plasma cholinesterase activity. Our data also confirm that there is a significant reduction in plasma cholinesterase activity in pregnant patients with preeclampsia compared with either healthy nonpregnant or healthy pregnant patients. We conclude that the low level of plasma cholinesterase activity is probably responsible for the prolonged action of succinylcholine in pregnant patients with preeclampsia receiving magnesium sulfate.
Regulatory Peptides, 1988
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1994
We investigated whether alcohol pretreatment would affect the disposition and metabolic pattern o... more We investigated whether alcohol pretreatment would affect the disposition and metabolic pattern of intravenously (i.v.) administered cocaine in pigs. Six pigs (Group A) received alcohol (1 g/kg/day) and six pigs (control; Group D) received an equal volume of isocaloric dextrose 44% in water for 10 days via an intragastric tube. On day 11, arterial samples were taken for five hours following an intravenous administration of cocaine hydrochloride (4 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations of cocaine and its major metabolites were analyzed by HPLC method. Significant decrease in plasma half-life (10 +/- 1.2 vs. 18.7 +/- 1.4 min), and significant increases in apparent volume of distribution (73 +/- 6 vs. 51 +/- 31) and clearance (5.37 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.82 +/- 0.1 l/min) were seen in alcohol pretreated pigs as compared with control pigs (P < 0.05). Significant increases in plasma concentrations of benzoylecgonine (P < 0.05), and insignificant differences in ecgonine methyl ester and norcocaine levels were seen between the two groups. Neither ecgonine nor cocaethylene was detected in the blood samples. Our data show that alcohol administration for ten days accelerated the elimination of i.v. administered cocaine and altered its metabolic pattern in pigs.
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 1987
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 1990
The efficacy of prophylactic administration of H1 and H2 receptor blockers to prevent adverse hae... more The efficacy of prophylactic administration of H1 and H2 receptor blockers to prevent adverse haemodynamic responses to heparin and protamine was studied. The control group (n=10) received no histamine receptor blocker, group H1 (n=10) received oral terfenadine 60 mg, group H2 (n=10) received oral ranitidine 300 mg, and group H1+H2 (n=10) received both terfenadine and ranitidine on the night before the operation and on call to the operating room. Heparin sulphate 300 U/kg was injected directly into the right atrium, and protamine hydrochloride was administered at the conclusion of bypass over at least three minutes through a peripheral route. Following the injection of heparin, plasma histamine-like activity (H-LA) was increased significantly in all four groups. While systolic, diastolic, mean arterial and central venous pressures were decreased significantly in the control group, no significant changes were observed in the H1 and H2 groups. Protamine infusion did not lead to an increase in H-LA. Prophylactic administration of histamine receptor blockers (H1 or H2) attenuated the heparin-induced adverse haemodynamic response but did not change the protamine-related haemodynamic effects. Factors other than histamine may play a major role in protamine induced cardiovascular changes.
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 1990
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 1988
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1993