Jayanti Semwal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jayanti Semwal

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2020

Background: In children with epilepsy, fever and illness are known triggers for seizure; therefor... more Background: In children with epilepsy, fever and illness are known triggers for seizure; therefore, clinicians and parents could be concerned that immunization-induced inflammation and fever could also trigger seizures. We sought to estimate the risk of emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization for epilepsy/seizure and all causes after immunization in children younger than 7 years of age with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a self-controlled case series of children diagnosed with epilepsy before their 7th birthday and immunized from 2005 to 2015 in Ontario (population 14.2 million) and Manitoba (population 1.3 million), Canada, using administrative healthcare data. We estimated the age-and season-adjusted relative incidence (aRI) of epilepsy/seizure-related and all-cause ED visits/hospitalizations during various risk periods 0-28 days after inactivated and live immunizations versus a control period 35-83 days postimmunization. Estimates from each province were analyzed separately and then combined in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: The combined risk of epilepsy/seizure-related hospitalization/ ED visit was increased 0-2 days after inactivated vaccines (aRI = 1.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.9) and 7-10 days after live vaccines (aRI = 1.9, 1.4-2.7). For all-cause ED visit/hospitalization, the combined aRI estimate was 0.9 (0.8-1.2) 0-2 days after inactivated vaccines and 1.3 (1.1-1.5) 7-10 days after live vaccines. The risk of epilepsy/seizure-related ED visit/hospitalization was modestly increased among children with epilepsy during peak periods of fever and inflammation following inactivated and live vaccines. These risks must be balanced against the risk of complications from vaccine-preventable diseases.

Indian Journal of Community Health/Indian journal of community health, Apr 30, 2024

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2017

Background: This study may be a foundation pillar for future planning of school eye screening pro... more Background: This study may be a foundation pillar for future planning of school eye screening programs in Uttarakhand: Himalayan State of India as there is very little, if any, data is available till now. Aims: This study was done to know the prevalence and pattern of various causes of ocular morbidity among school children in Uttarakhand, India. Settings and design: A cross sectional multistage randomized study was done on school children between 5 -16 years of age in Doiwala block of Dehradun-capital of Uttarakhand, India. Material and Methods: School children were taken up for ophthalmological examination. Any child with subnormal vision or abnormal ocular finding was further evaluated in a tertiary care hospital. Statistical Analysis: Results were expressed in percentage and ratio. Chi-square test (with Yates correction whenever needed) was used for analysis of data. Ninety five percent CI was also calculated. The data with p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 5918 children, the prevalence of ocular morbidity was 4.92% (291 children). The most common causes of ocular morbidity were refractive error in 164 (2.77%) children, convergence weakness in 32 (0.54%), strabismus in 24 (0.40%) and conjunctivitis in 23 (0.38%) children. Ocular morbidity was more in children of age group 5 – 10 years in comparison to age group 11-16 years(P = 0.002). Conclusions: Refractive error was the commonest cause of ocular morbidity affecting school going children in Uttarakhand, India. The prevalence of ocular morbidity decreased with increasing age of child.

National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 2013

Indian journal of public health

To find out the prevalence of psychosocial problems among adolescents. A cross sectional study wa... more To find out the prevalence of psychosocial problems among adolescents. A cross sectional study was conducted at Doiwala block, Dehradun during 2006-2007 among 840 adolescents, selected by multistage random sampling. Data was collected on a structured and pre-tested questionnaire by interviewing the adolescents and conducting their thorough clinical examination. Epi Info statistical software package version 3.4.3 was used for analysis. The overall prevalence of psychosocial problems among the adolescents was found to be 31.2%. The psychosocial problems were more in males (34.77%) as compared to females (27.6 %). There is need of strengthening the existing "package" of services for adolescents in various initiatives and programmes.

Indian Journal of Community Health, Jun 30, 2015

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

Indian Journal of Community Health, Jan 31, 2013

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty affecting mostly young adults in their most pr... more Introduction: Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty affecting mostly young adults in their most productive years. WHO has suggested that the expected effect of improved diagnostic and treatment services may be negated by an increase in the prevalence of risk factors for the progression of latent TB to active disease in segments of the population. The risk factors broadly described may be biomedical, environmental or socioeconomic. The impact of these other determinants on TB epidemiology in India has yet to be fully understood . Methodology: Study was undertaken on all patients in the age group of 18 years and above with history of cough for more than 2 weeks attending DOTS Microscopy centre of HIMS with or without other symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis attending DOTS Microscopy centre for a period of six months i.e. from 1st July to 31st December 2010 were included in study group. Total patients attended the centre were 538. Results: Majority of participants were farmers 159(43.9%) belonging to lower socio-economic status . Out of 362 study subjects maximum i.e. 162 (44.8%) had past history of pulmonary tuberculosis and only 18 (5.0%) subjects had family history of tuberculosis . While majority (45%) had past history of tuberculosis of which 37.1% had sputum positivity. Smoking was found to be most common type of addiction among 207 (57.2%) followed by alcohol i.e. 129 (35.6%) . Conclusion: Epidemiological factors like literacy status, socioeconomic status, previous history of tuberculosis, smoking & BMI play important role in causation of Tuberculosis.

Journal of applied sciences and clinical practice, 2023

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2023

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Apr 27, 2019

Cancer has become the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is responsible for an estim... more Cancer has become the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. 1 However, with improving preventive and screening services and advancing curative services, nurtured by committed researchers across the globe, the chances of survival of cancer victims are increasing. With the growing number of cancer survivors, the need for evidence-based interventions to meet survivors' psychosocial needs is also scaling up. 2 Diagnosis of cancer drastically changes the life of the patient as well his whole family, and it is not uncommon ABSTRACT Background: Patients diagnosed with cancer are usually exposed to high level of mental stress and hence invariably lend in psychological distress. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychological distress amongst cancer patients and determine its association with socio-demographic factors. Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at a cancer research institute of district Dehradun. Purposive sampling was used to select the hospital and recruiting patients. All eligible patients, giving written consent for the study were interviewed and distress related information was gathered using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The data were collected for two months and sample size of 208 was achieved. Data was entered in SPSS 22.0 and association of different variables with psychological distress was determined by chi-square test.. Results: The mean age of the surveyed cancer patients was 51.05±15.68 years and the male female ratio was 1.7. Prevalence of psychological distress was found to be 38.5% and significantly more female patients than male patients (47.4% and 33.3% respectively) had distress. The association between psychological distress and increasing age, sex, literacy and employment status was found to be significant. Conclusions: Approximately 39% of cancer patients had psychological distress (anxiety/ depression/ both). The prevalence of psychological distress was found to be significantly higher in female patients, older age, patients with no formal education, unemployment and lower socioeconomic status. Appropriate psychiatric interventions/ counselling following diagnosis and during therapy may be effective in reducing distress and improving quality of life in cancer patients.

National journal of community medicine, 2015

Background: Anthropometry is an inexpensive and non-invasive method of growth and nutritional ass... more Background: Anthropometry is an inexpensive and non-invasive method of growth and nutritional assessment. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition among school-going children belonging to urban and rural area of District Dehradun using WHO standards. Methods: Nutritional assessment of school-going children was done in urban and rural areas using standard anthropometric measurements of height and weight. A total of 1808 school children were enrolled from 5-19 years of age. Weight-forage , height-forage and BMI-forage z-scores were calculated using WHO AnthroPlus Software. Results: The prevalence of underweight (<-2SD) was 8% in urban as compared to 23% in rural children. The prevalence of stunting and thinness was 14.8% and 6.1% in urban children and 16.6% and 25.9% in rural children. There were 14% urban children and 10% rural children who were overweight. Conclusion: Undernutrition remains an ongoing health problem in school going children. WHO AnthroPlus Software can be a very useful for analysis of state and national level.

The Journal of medical research, 2016

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of risk factors for Chronic Kidney D... more Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of risk factors for Chronic Kidney Disease and to find out the prevalence of CKD. Methodology: A community based survey was conducted in the selected urban wards of the district Dehradun to collect the required information of the study. Individuals aged between 40-80 years, residents of the area for at least one year were included in the study. Information regarding number of households and population in each ward was obtained. They were informed about the purpose of study. The household in each ward was selected on PPS basis. Out of each selected household, study subject (40-80yrs) was drawn on the basis of "Kish" method basis. After obtaining the written informed consent, they were interviewed using the WHO (stepwise approach for NCDs) questionnaire and SCORED screening test tool to identify risk factors. The subjects who were at risk were screened for chronic kidney disease. The data was compiled, entered & analyzed using SPSS version 19. Results: Raised BP, diabetes and cases of heart attack were more among males as compared to females. The prevalence of CKD was 2.1 percent. Proportion of CKD cases was almost same in both sexes. Chronic kidney disease prevalence was 1.1%, 5.1% and 8.2% in 50-59, 60-69 and >70 year age groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of diseases like hypertension, diabetes was high in the urban population etc. The disease prevalence tends to increase with the advancing age.

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2022

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, Jun 9, 2017

Introduction: Under RNTCP, the diagnosis of 25-30% tuberculosis cases with negative bacteriologic... more Introduction: Under RNTCP, the diagnosis of 25-30% tuberculosis cases with negative bacteriological report with radiographic evidence and with smear negativity due to inability to expectorate adequate amount of sputum are left untreated which ultimately increases the burden of tuberculosis. Such cases can be subjected to induction methods to improve yield of positive result in sputum. Methodology: Study was undertaken on all 538 patients who attended the Chest and Tuberculosis department in DOTS Microscopy centre of HIMS. Intervention was done only in those found smear negative but clinically and radiologically suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis who gave written consent i.e. = 92 subjects (Chest Physiotherapy (N=92); Nebulization (N=92) & Broncho-alveolar lavage (N=14). Results: Out 362 (67%) eligible subjects 228 were sputum negative, 92 patients gave consent for induction were subjected to chest physiotherapy for sputum induction of which 38 (41.3%) subjects came out to be sputum positive. Out of 92 patients subjected to nebulization for sputum induction 40 (43.4%) subjects yield sputum positive result. 14 patients were subjected to BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) method to collect sputum sample of which 7(50%) came out to be sputum positive. (p=0.02). Conclusion: The non-invasive and cost effective methods of sputum induction should be incorporated more commonly in national programme as they provide better yield of sputum positivity.

National journal of community medicine, 2014

Background: In healthy people infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis often causes no symptoms ... more Background: In healthy people infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis often causes no symptoms since the person's immune system acts to "wall off" the bacteria. The common symptoms of active TB of the lung are coughing, sometimes with sputum or blood, chest pain, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. If left untreated, each person with active TB disease will infect on an average between 10 and 15 people every year and this continues the transmission of Tuberculosis. So to understand these factors study was carried out about socio-demographic profile of patients attending DOTS Microscopy Centre (DMC). Methodology: Present study was done at DOTS Microscopy Centre (DMC) of HIMS Hospital Dehradun and 362 patients of age 18 years and above with cough that has persisted for more than 2 weeks was taken for study purpose. Results: Sputum positivity was maximum in age group 20-39 years i.e.(39.0 %)more among males i.e. 39.8% Specially Hindus i.e. (40.1%). Majority of the study subjects i.e. 52.5% belong to joint family, with family size more than 10 members (44.5%). Sputum positivity was more amongst subjects who were in Government job i.e. 41.1%. Sputum positivity was maximum in lower socioeconomic class (B.G.Prasad).i.e. 37.3%. The sputum positive results were observed maximum in subjects with presenting complaints of cough with anorexia and weight loss i.e. 41% Conclusion:An improvement in living conditions, education, socioeconomic status and sanitation is desirable to curtail down the prevalence of tuberculosis.

Indian Journal of Community Health, Mar 31, 2017

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, Feb 11, 2023

Introduction/Objective: The well-being of older people needs to be assessed periodically to plan ... more Introduction/Objective: The well-being of older people needs to be assessed periodically to plan and manage proper care. This study aimed to assess the validity and analyse the reliability of the selfdeveloped Well-being scale to determine the suitability of the scale for identifying the well-being status of older people and evaluating effectiveness of self-structured nursing interventions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used among 31 older people living in a rural community in the Kavrepalanchok district, Nepal in September 2021. A purposive sampling technique was used, and face-to-face interview in home visit was done using Self-structured Elderly Well-being Scale. The internal consistency reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and test retest on a three and six point Likert scale. Results: Respondents were more female (51.6%) with a mean age of 66.70 ±4.65, and 19 (61.29%) were in the age group 60-67 years. There are four domains in the well-being scale. The physical wellbeing scale was found to be highly reliable in Cronbach's alpha (0.892), the test re-test method (0.9957), and the test re-test reliability was higher than Cronbach's alpha. The psychological wellbeing scale was also highly reliable in Cronbach's alpha (0.871) and test re-test method (0.9788). Similarly, the reliability of the social and spiritual well-being scale was good in Cronbach's alpha (0.758 & 0.774) and very good in the test re-test (0.9100 & 0.8876), respectively. The inter-item reliability was also found suitable. Conclusion: The elderly well-being scale demonstrated exemplary performance in tests of reliability and validity. It can individually assess physical, psychological, social and spiritual well-being and older people's overall well-being in the community and institutional settings. It is a suitable tool for assessing well-being status and evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions.

Indian Journal of Community Health, Jun 30, 2022

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

Indian Journal of Community Health, Sep 30, 2017

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2020

Background: In children with epilepsy, fever and illness are known triggers for seizure; therefor... more Background: In children with epilepsy, fever and illness are known triggers for seizure; therefore, clinicians and parents could be concerned that immunization-induced inflammation and fever could also trigger seizures. We sought to estimate the risk of emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization for epilepsy/seizure and all causes after immunization in children younger than 7 years of age with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a self-controlled case series of children diagnosed with epilepsy before their 7th birthday and immunized from 2005 to 2015 in Ontario (population 14.2 million) and Manitoba (population 1.3 million), Canada, using administrative healthcare data. We estimated the age-and season-adjusted relative incidence (aRI) of epilepsy/seizure-related and all-cause ED visits/hospitalizations during various risk periods 0-28 days after inactivated and live immunizations versus a control period 35-83 days postimmunization. Estimates from each province were analyzed separately and then combined in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: The combined risk of epilepsy/seizure-related hospitalization/ ED visit was increased 0-2 days after inactivated vaccines (aRI = 1.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.9) and 7-10 days after live vaccines (aRI = 1.9, 1.4-2.7). For all-cause ED visit/hospitalization, the combined aRI estimate was 0.9 (0.8-1.2) 0-2 days after inactivated vaccines and 1.3 (1.1-1.5) 7-10 days after live vaccines. The risk of epilepsy/seizure-related ED visit/hospitalization was modestly increased among children with epilepsy during peak periods of fever and inflammation following inactivated and live vaccines. These risks must be balanced against the risk of complications from vaccine-preventable diseases.

Indian Journal of Community Health/Indian journal of community health, Apr 30, 2024

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2017

Background: This study may be a foundation pillar for future planning of school eye screening pro... more Background: This study may be a foundation pillar for future planning of school eye screening programs in Uttarakhand: Himalayan State of India as there is very little, if any, data is available till now. Aims: This study was done to know the prevalence and pattern of various causes of ocular morbidity among school children in Uttarakhand, India. Settings and design: A cross sectional multistage randomized study was done on school children between 5 -16 years of age in Doiwala block of Dehradun-capital of Uttarakhand, India. Material and Methods: School children were taken up for ophthalmological examination. Any child with subnormal vision or abnormal ocular finding was further evaluated in a tertiary care hospital. Statistical Analysis: Results were expressed in percentage and ratio. Chi-square test (with Yates correction whenever needed) was used for analysis of data. Ninety five percent CI was also calculated. The data with p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 5918 children, the prevalence of ocular morbidity was 4.92% (291 children). The most common causes of ocular morbidity were refractive error in 164 (2.77%) children, convergence weakness in 32 (0.54%), strabismus in 24 (0.40%) and conjunctivitis in 23 (0.38%) children. Ocular morbidity was more in children of age group 5 – 10 years in comparison to age group 11-16 years(P = 0.002). Conclusions: Refractive error was the commonest cause of ocular morbidity affecting school going children in Uttarakhand, India. The prevalence of ocular morbidity decreased with increasing age of child.

National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 2013

Indian journal of public health

To find out the prevalence of psychosocial problems among adolescents. A cross sectional study wa... more To find out the prevalence of psychosocial problems among adolescents. A cross sectional study was conducted at Doiwala block, Dehradun during 2006-2007 among 840 adolescents, selected by multistage random sampling. Data was collected on a structured and pre-tested questionnaire by interviewing the adolescents and conducting their thorough clinical examination. Epi Info statistical software package version 3.4.3 was used for analysis. The overall prevalence of psychosocial problems among the adolescents was found to be 31.2%. The psychosocial problems were more in males (34.77%) as compared to females (27.6 %). There is need of strengthening the existing "package" of services for adolescents in various initiatives and programmes.

Indian Journal of Community Health, Jun 30, 2015

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

Indian Journal of Community Health, Jan 31, 2013

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty affecting mostly young adults in their most pr... more Introduction: Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty affecting mostly young adults in their most productive years. WHO has suggested that the expected effect of improved diagnostic and treatment services may be negated by an increase in the prevalence of risk factors for the progression of latent TB to active disease in segments of the population. The risk factors broadly described may be biomedical, environmental or socioeconomic. The impact of these other determinants on TB epidemiology in India has yet to be fully understood . Methodology: Study was undertaken on all patients in the age group of 18 years and above with history of cough for more than 2 weeks attending DOTS Microscopy centre of HIMS with or without other symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis attending DOTS Microscopy centre for a period of six months i.e. from 1st July to 31st December 2010 were included in study group. Total patients attended the centre were 538. Results: Majority of participants were farmers 159(43.9%) belonging to lower socio-economic status . Out of 362 study subjects maximum i.e. 162 (44.8%) had past history of pulmonary tuberculosis and only 18 (5.0%) subjects had family history of tuberculosis . While majority (45%) had past history of tuberculosis of which 37.1% had sputum positivity. Smoking was found to be most common type of addiction among 207 (57.2%) followed by alcohol i.e. 129 (35.6%) . Conclusion: Epidemiological factors like literacy status, socioeconomic status, previous history of tuberculosis, smoking & BMI play important role in causation of Tuberculosis.

Journal of applied sciences and clinical practice, 2023

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2023

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Apr 27, 2019

Cancer has become the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is responsible for an estim... more Cancer has become the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. 1 However, with improving preventive and screening services and advancing curative services, nurtured by committed researchers across the globe, the chances of survival of cancer victims are increasing. With the growing number of cancer survivors, the need for evidence-based interventions to meet survivors' psychosocial needs is also scaling up. 2 Diagnosis of cancer drastically changes the life of the patient as well his whole family, and it is not uncommon ABSTRACT Background: Patients diagnosed with cancer are usually exposed to high level of mental stress and hence invariably lend in psychological distress. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychological distress amongst cancer patients and determine its association with socio-demographic factors. Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at a cancer research institute of district Dehradun. Purposive sampling was used to select the hospital and recruiting patients. All eligible patients, giving written consent for the study were interviewed and distress related information was gathered using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The data were collected for two months and sample size of 208 was achieved. Data was entered in SPSS 22.0 and association of different variables with psychological distress was determined by chi-square test.. Results: The mean age of the surveyed cancer patients was 51.05±15.68 years and the male female ratio was 1.7. Prevalence of psychological distress was found to be 38.5% and significantly more female patients than male patients (47.4% and 33.3% respectively) had distress. The association between psychological distress and increasing age, sex, literacy and employment status was found to be significant. Conclusions: Approximately 39% of cancer patients had psychological distress (anxiety/ depression/ both). The prevalence of psychological distress was found to be significantly higher in female patients, older age, patients with no formal education, unemployment and lower socioeconomic status. Appropriate psychiatric interventions/ counselling following diagnosis and during therapy may be effective in reducing distress and improving quality of life in cancer patients.

National journal of community medicine, 2015

Background: Anthropometry is an inexpensive and non-invasive method of growth and nutritional ass... more Background: Anthropometry is an inexpensive and non-invasive method of growth and nutritional assessment. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition among school-going children belonging to urban and rural area of District Dehradun using WHO standards. Methods: Nutritional assessment of school-going children was done in urban and rural areas using standard anthropometric measurements of height and weight. A total of 1808 school children were enrolled from 5-19 years of age. Weight-forage , height-forage and BMI-forage z-scores were calculated using WHO AnthroPlus Software. Results: The prevalence of underweight (<-2SD) was 8% in urban as compared to 23% in rural children. The prevalence of stunting and thinness was 14.8% and 6.1% in urban children and 16.6% and 25.9% in rural children. There were 14% urban children and 10% rural children who were overweight. Conclusion: Undernutrition remains an ongoing health problem in school going children. WHO AnthroPlus Software can be a very useful for analysis of state and national level.

The Journal of medical research, 2016

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of risk factors for Chronic Kidney D... more Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of risk factors for Chronic Kidney Disease and to find out the prevalence of CKD. Methodology: A community based survey was conducted in the selected urban wards of the district Dehradun to collect the required information of the study. Individuals aged between 40-80 years, residents of the area for at least one year were included in the study. Information regarding number of households and population in each ward was obtained. They were informed about the purpose of study. The household in each ward was selected on PPS basis. Out of each selected household, study subject (40-80yrs) was drawn on the basis of "Kish" method basis. After obtaining the written informed consent, they were interviewed using the WHO (stepwise approach for NCDs) questionnaire and SCORED screening test tool to identify risk factors. The subjects who were at risk were screened for chronic kidney disease. The data was compiled, entered & analyzed using SPSS version 19. Results: Raised BP, diabetes and cases of heart attack were more among males as compared to females. The prevalence of CKD was 2.1 percent. Proportion of CKD cases was almost same in both sexes. Chronic kidney disease prevalence was 1.1%, 5.1% and 8.2% in 50-59, 60-69 and >70 year age groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of diseases like hypertension, diabetes was high in the urban population etc. The disease prevalence tends to increase with the advancing age.

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2022

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, Jun 9, 2017

Introduction: Under RNTCP, the diagnosis of 25-30% tuberculosis cases with negative bacteriologic... more Introduction: Under RNTCP, the diagnosis of 25-30% tuberculosis cases with negative bacteriological report with radiographic evidence and with smear negativity due to inability to expectorate adequate amount of sputum are left untreated which ultimately increases the burden of tuberculosis. Such cases can be subjected to induction methods to improve yield of positive result in sputum. Methodology: Study was undertaken on all 538 patients who attended the Chest and Tuberculosis department in DOTS Microscopy centre of HIMS. Intervention was done only in those found smear negative but clinically and radiologically suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis who gave written consent i.e. = 92 subjects (Chest Physiotherapy (N=92); Nebulization (N=92) & Broncho-alveolar lavage (N=14). Results: Out 362 (67%) eligible subjects 228 were sputum negative, 92 patients gave consent for induction were subjected to chest physiotherapy for sputum induction of which 38 (41.3%) subjects came out to be sputum positive. Out of 92 patients subjected to nebulization for sputum induction 40 (43.4%) subjects yield sputum positive result. 14 patients were subjected to BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) method to collect sputum sample of which 7(50%) came out to be sputum positive. (p=0.02). Conclusion: The non-invasive and cost effective methods of sputum induction should be incorporated more commonly in national programme as they provide better yield of sputum positivity.

National journal of community medicine, 2014

Background: In healthy people infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis often causes no symptoms ... more Background: In healthy people infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis often causes no symptoms since the person's immune system acts to "wall off" the bacteria. The common symptoms of active TB of the lung are coughing, sometimes with sputum or blood, chest pain, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. If left untreated, each person with active TB disease will infect on an average between 10 and 15 people every year and this continues the transmission of Tuberculosis. So to understand these factors study was carried out about socio-demographic profile of patients attending DOTS Microscopy Centre (DMC). Methodology: Present study was done at DOTS Microscopy Centre (DMC) of HIMS Hospital Dehradun and 362 patients of age 18 years and above with cough that has persisted for more than 2 weeks was taken for study purpose. Results: Sputum positivity was maximum in age group 20-39 years i.e.(39.0 %)more among males i.e. 39.8% Specially Hindus i.e. (40.1%). Majority of the study subjects i.e. 52.5% belong to joint family, with family size more than 10 members (44.5%). Sputum positivity was more amongst subjects who were in Government job i.e. 41.1%. Sputum positivity was maximum in lower socioeconomic class (B.G.Prasad).i.e. 37.3%. The sputum positive results were observed maximum in subjects with presenting complaints of cough with anorexia and weight loss i.e. 41% Conclusion:An improvement in living conditions, education, socioeconomic status and sanitation is desirable to curtail down the prevalence of tuberculosis.

Indian Journal of Community Health, Mar 31, 2017

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, Feb 11, 2023

Introduction/Objective: The well-being of older people needs to be assessed periodically to plan ... more Introduction/Objective: The well-being of older people needs to be assessed periodically to plan and manage proper care. This study aimed to assess the validity and analyse the reliability of the selfdeveloped Well-being scale to determine the suitability of the scale for identifying the well-being status of older people and evaluating effectiveness of self-structured nursing interventions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used among 31 older people living in a rural community in the Kavrepalanchok district, Nepal in September 2021. A purposive sampling technique was used, and face-to-face interview in home visit was done using Self-structured Elderly Well-being Scale. The internal consistency reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and test retest on a three and six point Likert scale. Results: Respondents were more female (51.6%) with a mean age of 66.70 ±4.65, and 19 (61.29%) were in the age group 60-67 years. There are four domains in the well-being scale. The physical wellbeing scale was found to be highly reliable in Cronbach's alpha (0.892), the test re-test method (0.9957), and the test re-test reliability was higher than Cronbach's alpha. The psychological wellbeing scale was also highly reliable in Cronbach's alpha (0.871) and test re-test method (0.9788). Similarly, the reliability of the social and spiritual well-being scale was good in Cronbach's alpha (0.758 & 0.774) and very good in the test re-test (0.9100 & 0.8876), respectively. The inter-item reliability was also found suitable. Conclusion: The elderly well-being scale demonstrated exemplary performance in tests of reliability and validity. It can individually assess physical, psychological, social and spiritual well-being and older people's overall well-being in the community and institutional settings. It is a suitable tool for assessing well-being status and evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions.

Indian Journal of Community Health, Jun 30, 2022

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

Indian Journal of Community Health, Sep 30, 2017

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures