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Papers by Jean-Pierre Revéret
Développement durable et territoires, 2019
Journal of Cleaner Production
HS0205 Actes de colloque Sociologie, économie et environnement dans le cadre du 70 e Congrès de l... more HS0205 Actes de colloque Sociologie, économie et environnement dans le cadre du 70 e Congrès de l'ACFAS du 14 au 16 mai 2002, à l'
Les ateliers de l'éthique
Devant le constat du déclin toujours plus rapide de la diversité biologique et les limites des re... more Devant le constat du déclin toujours plus rapide de la diversité biologique et les limites des ressources disponibles pour l’enrayer, il est nécessaire de déterminer quels moyens devraient être engagés dans sa protection. Pour ce faire, une méthode efficace serait d’évaluer les bénéfices tirés de la biodiversité afin d’estimer rationnellement les coûts légitimes de sa protection. L’évaluation économique, qui se présente d’emblée sur un mode quantitatif, serait alors un outil précieux. Dans ce texte, nous présentons différentes méthodes d’évaluation économique de la biodiversité ainsi que certaines de leurs limites méthodologiques. Par la suite, nous montrons qu’en dépit de ses avantages pratiques, l’évaluation économique échoue à représenter l’ensemble des valeurs en jeu dans la protection de la biodiversité. Nous décrivons alors trois types de valeurs incommensurables avec des bénéfices économiques : la valeur de legs, qui renvoie aux obligations de transmission du patrimoine natur...
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013
Purpose Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Social Life Cycle Analysis (SLCA) are tools acknowledged to... more Purpose Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Social Life Cycle Analysis (SLCA) are tools acknowledged to have a role to play in the transition towards Sustainable Production and Consumption patterns (SPC). However, the role they play in this transition is seldom discussed, especially for SLCA. In addition, although the importance of taking a life cycle thinking (LCT) in the progression towards SPC seems indisputable, its added value is seldom made explicit. This article wishes to highlight the role of SLCA in the transition towards more sustainable production and consumption patterns and questions the relevance of LCT in this role. Methods To answer this question, we first identify the applications of SLCA that correspond to actions that have to be taken in the transition towards SPC based on the SPC and SLCA literature. Then, the relevance of LCT in the context of the different applications identified previously is questioned through a qualitative discursive analysis approach. Results The social goal of SPC is poorly discussed, and the SLCA literature can be one source of inspiration to define what this goal could be. On the basis of the UNEP-SETAC (2009) Guidelines' SLCA ultimate goal, SPC could be a means to improve stakeholders' social conditions through the improvement of enterprises' behaviours. The intended applications of SLCA for potentially supporting the improvement of enterprises' behaviours are found to be the identification of hotspots in order to highlight areas of improvement inside the sphere of influence of the SLCA user and the guidance of purchasing and substitution choices on the basis of enterprises' behaviours. In this article, it is suggested that, for SLCA to deserve the "LCT label", it has to capture impact transfers along the products' life cycle. Otherwise, an "ability-to-act-on" perspective is the proper angle to adopt in the identification of areas of improvement inside the sphere of influence and a "cradle-to-retailer", the one to adopt when SLCA is used to guide buy/boycott. Conclusions Aside from revisiting the role of LCA and SLCA in SPC and the raison d'être of LCT, we discuss some considerations which we believe should be taken into account when developing SLCA in the context of SPC. In conclusion, this article points to the importance of framing the use of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment tools in their context of use.
This article examines engineering's current identity crisis and looks to science fiction lite... more This article examines engineering's current identity crisis and looks to science fiction literature as a potential path to more epistemological openness in the face of crisis. Even if this literature contributes to the ideology of technological unavoidability, it can also help to transcend it and, at the same time, nourish an epistemological pluralism capable of questioning the technicist problematisation of the social by the engineer.
Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. : Social and socio-economic LCA guidelin... more Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. : Social and socio-economic LCA guidelines complementing environmental LCA and Life Cycle Costing, contributing to the full assessment of goods and services within the context of sustainable development.
Analyse critique de la solution apportee a la "Tragedie des communaux" par la privatisa... more Analyse critique de la solution apportee a la "Tragedie des communaux" par la privatisation et l'allocation de droits d'usage exclusifs. L'opposition entre propriete commune d'une part et privatisation d'autre part, occulte les divers modes d'appropriation de la nature. Les auteurs distinguent 5 niveaux dans l'ensemble des modes d'appropriation existants : les modes de representation sociale et ethnique de la ressource, les usages possibles, les modalites d'acces aux ressources et leur controle, la transferabilite des droits d'acces et les modes de repartition ou de partage des ressources. La propriete ne concerne que 2 des cinq modes d'appropriation : modalites d'acces et de transfert. Toute decision en matiere de gestion des ressources renouvelables influe sur un ou plusieurs niveaux d'appropriation. En matiere d'ecosysteme, la decision est plus un processus, resultat d'interactions entre acteurs qu'un evene...
Even as new ecosystems continue to be discovered in the ocean depths, the marine biodiversity is ... more Even as new ecosystems continue to be discovered in the ocean depths, the marine biodiversity is being affected by numerous anthropogenic pressures. Consequently, its production of ecological goods and services is increasingly threatened. Increasing the fishing effort cannot compensate for declining fish stocks and catches are decreasing. Aquaculture, as an alternative production source, is also contributing to the erosion of biodiversity. These negative effects are exacerbated for populations in developing countries that are more directly dependent on the resource. Management tools now in place must be used more efficiently and systematically. They should also be complemented by new approaches such as marine protected areas — even if they are still at their early stages of research and development.
Dans la region de Tolagnaro, au sud-est de Madagascar, un projet minier de grande envergure, en g... more Dans la region de Tolagnaro, au sud-est de Madagascar, un projet minier de grande envergure, en gestation depuis 1986, vient, en 2006, d'entamer la phase de construction de ses infrastructures. A partir d'un regard combinant l'economie politique et l'analyse environnementale,l'auteur fait le portrait de l'activite miniere et de ses principaux impacts attendus ainsi que de la toile de fond multidimensionnelle sur laquelle s'est developpe ce projet. Il explore ensuite les conditions dans lesquelles cet investissement pourrait contribuer, non seulement a la croissance economique et aux exportations mais, surtout et avant tout, au developpement local et regional.
Développement durable et territoires, 2019
Journal of Cleaner Production
HS0205 Actes de colloque Sociologie, économie et environnement dans le cadre du 70 e Congrès de l... more HS0205 Actes de colloque Sociologie, économie et environnement dans le cadre du 70 e Congrès de l'ACFAS du 14 au 16 mai 2002, à l'
Les ateliers de l'éthique
Devant le constat du déclin toujours plus rapide de la diversité biologique et les limites des re... more Devant le constat du déclin toujours plus rapide de la diversité biologique et les limites des ressources disponibles pour l’enrayer, il est nécessaire de déterminer quels moyens devraient être engagés dans sa protection. Pour ce faire, une méthode efficace serait d’évaluer les bénéfices tirés de la biodiversité afin d’estimer rationnellement les coûts légitimes de sa protection. L’évaluation économique, qui se présente d’emblée sur un mode quantitatif, serait alors un outil précieux. Dans ce texte, nous présentons différentes méthodes d’évaluation économique de la biodiversité ainsi que certaines de leurs limites méthodologiques. Par la suite, nous montrons qu’en dépit de ses avantages pratiques, l’évaluation économique échoue à représenter l’ensemble des valeurs en jeu dans la protection de la biodiversité. Nous décrivons alors trois types de valeurs incommensurables avec des bénéfices économiques : la valeur de legs, qui renvoie aux obligations de transmission du patrimoine natur...
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013
Purpose Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Social Life Cycle Analysis (SLCA) are tools acknowledged to... more Purpose Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Social Life Cycle Analysis (SLCA) are tools acknowledged to have a role to play in the transition towards Sustainable Production and Consumption patterns (SPC). However, the role they play in this transition is seldom discussed, especially for SLCA. In addition, although the importance of taking a life cycle thinking (LCT) in the progression towards SPC seems indisputable, its added value is seldom made explicit. This article wishes to highlight the role of SLCA in the transition towards more sustainable production and consumption patterns and questions the relevance of LCT in this role. Methods To answer this question, we first identify the applications of SLCA that correspond to actions that have to be taken in the transition towards SPC based on the SPC and SLCA literature. Then, the relevance of LCT in the context of the different applications identified previously is questioned through a qualitative discursive analysis approach. Results The social goal of SPC is poorly discussed, and the SLCA literature can be one source of inspiration to define what this goal could be. On the basis of the UNEP-SETAC (2009) Guidelines' SLCA ultimate goal, SPC could be a means to improve stakeholders' social conditions through the improvement of enterprises' behaviours. The intended applications of SLCA for potentially supporting the improvement of enterprises' behaviours are found to be the identification of hotspots in order to highlight areas of improvement inside the sphere of influence of the SLCA user and the guidance of purchasing and substitution choices on the basis of enterprises' behaviours. In this article, it is suggested that, for SLCA to deserve the "LCT label", it has to capture impact transfers along the products' life cycle. Otherwise, an "ability-to-act-on" perspective is the proper angle to adopt in the identification of areas of improvement inside the sphere of influence and a "cradle-to-retailer", the one to adopt when SLCA is used to guide buy/boycott. Conclusions Aside from revisiting the role of LCA and SLCA in SPC and the raison d'être of LCT, we discuss some considerations which we believe should be taken into account when developing SLCA in the context of SPC. In conclusion, this article points to the importance of framing the use of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment tools in their context of use.
This article examines engineering's current identity crisis and looks to science fiction lite... more This article examines engineering's current identity crisis and looks to science fiction literature as a potential path to more epistemological openness in the face of crisis. Even if this literature contributes to the ideology of technological unavoidability, it can also help to transcend it and, at the same time, nourish an epistemological pluralism capable of questioning the technicist problematisation of the social by the engineer.
Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. : Social and socio-economic LCA guidelin... more Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. : Social and socio-economic LCA guidelines complementing environmental LCA and Life Cycle Costing, contributing to the full assessment of goods and services within the context of sustainable development.
Analyse critique de la solution apportee a la "Tragedie des communaux" par la privatisa... more Analyse critique de la solution apportee a la "Tragedie des communaux" par la privatisation et l'allocation de droits d'usage exclusifs. L'opposition entre propriete commune d'une part et privatisation d'autre part, occulte les divers modes d'appropriation de la nature. Les auteurs distinguent 5 niveaux dans l'ensemble des modes d'appropriation existants : les modes de representation sociale et ethnique de la ressource, les usages possibles, les modalites d'acces aux ressources et leur controle, la transferabilite des droits d'acces et les modes de repartition ou de partage des ressources. La propriete ne concerne que 2 des cinq modes d'appropriation : modalites d'acces et de transfert. Toute decision en matiere de gestion des ressources renouvelables influe sur un ou plusieurs niveaux d'appropriation. En matiere d'ecosysteme, la decision est plus un processus, resultat d'interactions entre acteurs qu'un evene...
Even as new ecosystems continue to be discovered in the ocean depths, the marine biodiversity is ... more Even as new ecosystems continue to be discovered in the ocean depths, the marine biodiversity is being affected by numerous anthropogenic pressures. Consequently, its production of ecological goods and services is increasingly threatened. Increasing the fishing effort cannot compensate for declining fish stocks and catches are decreasing. Aquaculture, as an alternative production source, is also contributing to the erosion of biodiversity. These negative effects are exacerbated for populations in developing countries that are more directly dependent on the resource. Management tools now in place must be used more efficiently and systematically. They should also be complemented by new approaches such as marine protected areas — even if they are still at their early stages of research and development.
Dans la region de Tolagnaro, au sud-est de Madagascar, un projet minier de grande envergure, en g... more Dans la region de Tolagnaro, au sud-est de Madagascar, un projet minier de grande envergure, en gestation depuis 1986, vient, en 2006, d'entamer la phase de construction de ses infrastructures. A partir d'un regard combinant l'economie politique et l'analyse environnementale,l'auteur fait le portrait de l'activite miniere et de ses principaux impacts attendus ainsi que de la toile de fond multidimensionnelle sur laquelle s'est developpe ce projet. Il explore ensuite les conditions dans lesquelles cet investissement pourrait contribuer, non seulement a la croissance economique et aux exportations mais, surtout et avant tout, au developpement local et regional.