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Papers by Jean-Pierre Signoret
Proceedings of the 30th European Safety and Reliability Conference and 15th Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference, 2020
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 11, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 16, 2018
Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 2021
Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 2021
Risk, Decision and Policy, 2003
The aim of this paper is to show how the stochastic Petri nets, commonly used in reliability fiel... more The aim of this paper is to show how the stochastic Petri nets, commonly used in reliability field to model the functional and dysfunctional behaviour of industrial systems and to assess their dependability, are also able to give some interesting information on their global performance, which can be exploited from a technical and economical point of view. By this way the Petri nets can be used, in some cases, to identify the best configuration of system being under design and to determine the right number of spares to be kept in store. Thus, this engineering approach could be an alternative to optimization methods.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability, 2010
The aim of this paper is to give a new insight into some fundamental concepts of the IEC 61508 st... more The aim of this paper is to give a new insight into some fundamental concepts of the IEC 61508 standard. First, low and high or continuous demand modes of operation of safety instrumented systems are examined by analysing their official definitions given in the IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 standards. In this context, the paper proposes a new criterion for distinguishing these two modes of operation. A study allowing the determination of accident frequency is also presented, where the system under study consists of one element under control and its associated safety instrumented system. Second, the relationship between the average probabilities of failure on demand and the risk reduction factor is studied. It is shown that the commonly used approach (the standard approach) may lead to an optimistic value for the risk reduction factor. Finally, the paper clarifies the nature of the probability of failure per hour of a safety instrumented system and proposes different ways to compute this i...
Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 2021
Life Cycle Reliability and Safety Engineering, 2022
Run-life is a concept used in the oil and gas industry to express time to failure for running equ... more Run-life is a concept used in the oil and gas industry to express time to failure for running equipment. When estimating this as part of reliability engineering activities, different metrics and time periods are considered. One metric is the traditional ‘mean time to failure’ (MTTF), but alternatives such as ‘average run-time’ or ‘average run-life’ can also be considered. For calculating these metrics, different time periods can be used. For example, when estimating the MTTF of well completion equipment, operating times or running times are normally used. However, the periods can also include idle time, where the item is technically available, but associated parts of the production facility might not be. For consistency across the industry, on how to interpret the metrics and what to include in calculating them when performing estimations, ISO 14224 (2016) and IEC 60050-192 (2015) in tandem provide guidance to ensure quality in reliability data collection and analysis. While MTTF is...
For systems where safety is critical, it will soon be a requirement that the safety related syste... more For systems where safety is critical, it will soon be a requirement that the safety related systems be designed in accordance with the IEC 61508 set of standards. This applies to electrical as well as to electronic equipment - such as protection relays - used in safety related systems, which are subject to the requirements of IEC 61508. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that the safety requirements defined by IEC 61508 have consequences for the whole engineering process including the design of elementary electronic devices such as protection relays. Applying IEC 61508 to these devices becomes a must for achieving the user's basic requirements - improving the safety and the availability of their industrial complexes. IEC 61508 constitutes is a very powerful tool from organizational and qualitative points of view and systematic failures analysis is an important topic of this standard, and the probabilistic quantification part may be improved.
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2017
Management of safety systems often receives high attention due to the potential for industrial ac... more Management of safety systems often receives high attention due to the potential for industrial accidents. In risk and reliability literature concerning such systems, and particularly concerning safety-instrumented systems, one frequently comes across the term 'safety critical failure'. It is a term associated with the term 'critical failure', and it is often deduced that a safety critical failure refers to a failure occurring in a safety critical system. Although this is correct in some situations, it is not matching with for example the mathematical definition given in ISO/TR 12489:2013 on reliability modeling, where a clear distinction is made between 'safe failures' and 'dangerous failures'. In this article, we show that different interpretations of the term 'safety critical failure' exist, and there is room for misinterpretations and misunderstandings regarding risk and reliability assessments where failure information linked to safety systems are used, and which could influence decision-making. The article gives some examples from the oil and gas industry, showing different possible interpretations of the term. In particular we discuss the link between criticality and failure. The article points in general to the importance of adequate risk communication when using the term, and gives some clarification on interpretation in risk and reliability assessments.
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 1997
Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 2021
In Fig. 21.1 is illustrated the dual RBD and FT models of a system made of three components opera... more In Fig. 21.1 is illustrated the dual RBD and FT models of a system made of three components operating in series. The calculation of Pr(S) from the RBD is very simple when the components are independent: Pr(S) = Pr(A) • Pr(B) • Pr(C). The calculation of Pr(S) can be done as Pr(S) = 1 − Pr(S) but this simple calculation is possible because the above example is one of the simple structures analysed in Chap. 19. In the general case, the calculation has to be done directly from the Boolean equation embedded into the fault tree: Pr(S) = Pr(A ∪ B ∪ C). AsS involves the union of events, Pr(S) can be calculated by implementing the Sylvester-Poincaré formula (see e.g. Pagès and Gondran (1986) or Schneeweiss (1989)):
Dans le cadre des réseaux de Petri stochastiques (RdPS), l'objectif de la présente communicat... more Dans le cadre des réseaux de Petri stochastiques (RdPS), l'objectif de la présente communication est d'établir et de tester des procédures de mise à jour de l'instant de tir d’une transition, lorsqu’au moins l'un des paramètres de la loi de probabilité qui lui est associée est modifié par l'occurrence d'un événement externe au composant auquel est liée cette transition. Le choix des auteurs a été d'opter pour des procédures ne nécessitant pas d'effectuer de nouveaux tirages au sort des instants de tir des transitions concernées. Seules la distribution de Weibull et son cas particulier, la distribution exponentielle, sont considérées dans cette communication.In the frame of stochastic Petri nets (SPNs), the aim of the present paper is to state and test some procedures for updating the firing instant of a given transition when at least one of the parameters of its associated probabilistic law is modified by the occurrence of an event which is not due to...
Pour les systèmes dynamiques, il arrive souvent que la loi d'occurrence d'un événement A (ex. la ... more Pour les systèmes dynamiques, il arrive souvent que la loi d'occurrence d'un événement A (ex. la défaillance d'un circuit électronique) soit modifiée par l'occurrence d'un événement extérieur B (ex. la défaillance de la climatisation). Lors d'un calcul par simulation de Monte Carlo, cela implique que l'instant d'occurrence de A soit réactualisé quand B se produit. Le présent article se propose de prolonger et généraliser les procédures proposées dans l'article présenté au LM20 (Dutuit Y. et al., 2016) en introduisant de nouvelles procédures et en les fusionnant dans un modèle unifié qui évite d'avoir à faire un nouveau tirage au hasard au moment de l'occurrence de B. Tout au long de cet article, des lois de Weibull sont utilisées, ce qui permet de traiter la loi exponentielle comme cas particulier.
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Diderot, Oct 13, 2020
-Le groupe de travail GiRC (Gestion intégrée des Risques et de la Complexité) est un GTR de l'IMd... more -Le groupe de travail GiRC (Gestion intégrée des Risques et de la Complexité) est un GTR de l'IMdR. Après 3 années de travaux, un livrable sous la forme d'un ouvrage collectif a été proposé. Son objectif est d'actualiser et clarifier la finalité, les fonctions, les méthodes et le vocabulaire des métiers du risque présents dans les entreprises industrielles. Le présent article cherche à introduire cet ouvrage collectif en se concentrant sur la finalité et les grandes fonctions caractérisant chaque métier. Mots-clés-métiers du risque, entreprise industrielle, risques, complexité.
Proceedings of the 30th European Safety and Reliability Conference and 15th Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference, 2020
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 11, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 16, 2018
Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 2021
Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 2021
Risk, Decision and Policy, 2003
The aim of this paper is to show how the stochastic Petri nets, commonly used in reliability fiel... more The aim of this paper is to show how the stochastic Petri nets, commonly used in reliability field to model the functional and dysfunctional behaviour of industrial systems and to assess their dependability, are also able to give some interesting information on their global performance, which can be exploited from a technical and economical point of view. By this way the Petri nets can be used, in some cases, to identify the best configuration of system being under design and to determine the right number of spares to be kept in store. Thus, this engineering approach could be an alternative to optimization methods.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability, 2010
The aim of this paper is to give a new insight into some fundamental concepts of the IEC 61508 st... more The aim of this paper is to give a new insight into some fundamental concepts of the IEC 61508 standard. First, low and high or continuous demand modes of operation of safety instrumented systems are examined by analysing their official definitions given in the IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 standards. In this context, the paper proposes a new criterion for distinguishing these two modes of operation. A study allowing the determination of accident frequency is also presented, where the system under study consists of one element under control and its associated safety instrumented system. Second, the relationship between the average probabilities of failure on demand and the risk reduction factor is studied. It is shown that the commonly used approach (the standard approach) may lead to an optimistic value for the risk reduction factor. Finally, the paper clarifies the nature of the probability of failure per hour of a safety instrumented system and proposes different ways to compute this i...
Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 2021
Life Cycle Reliability and Safety Engineering, 2022
Run-life is a concept used in the oil and gas industry to express time to failure for running equ... more Run-life is a concept used in the oil and gas industry to express time to failure for running equipment. When estimating this as part of reliability engineering activities, different metrics and time periods are considered. One metric is the traditional ‘mean time to failure’ (MTTF), but alternatives such as ‘average run-time’ or ‘average run-life’ can also be considered. For calculating these metrics, different time periods can be used. For example, when estimating the MTTF of well completion equipment, operating times or running times are normally used. However, the periods can also include idle time, where the item is technically available, but associated parts of the production facility might not be. For consistency across the industry, on how to interpret the metrics and what to include in calculating them when performing estimations, ISO 14224 (2016) and IEC 60050-192 (2015) in tandem provide guidance to ensure quality in reliability data collection and analysis. While MTTF is...
For systems where safety is critical, it will soon be a requirement that the safety related syste... more For systems where safety is critical, it will soon be a requirement that the safety related systems be designed in accordance with the IEC 61508 set of standards. This applies to electrical as well as to electronic equipment - such as protection relays - used in safety related systems, which are subject to the requirements of IEC 61508. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that the safety requirements defined by IEC 61508 have consequences for the whole engineering process including the design of elementary electronic devices such as protection relays. Applying IEC 61508 to these devices becomes a must for achieving the user's basic requirements - improving the safety and the availability of their industrial complexes. IEC 61508 constitutes is a very powerful tool from organizational and qualitative points of view and systematic failures analysis is an important topic of this standard, and the probabilistic quantification part may be improved.
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2017
Management of safety systems often receives high attention due to the potential for industrial ac... more Management of safety systems often receives high attention due to the potential for industrial accidents. In risk and reliability literature concerning such systems, and particularly concerning safety-instrumented systems, one frequently comes across the term 'safety critical failure'. It is a term associated with the term 'critical failure', and it is often deduced that a safety critical failure refers to a failure occurring in a safety critical system. Although this is correct in some situations, it is not matching with for example the mathematical definition given in ISO/TR 12489:2013 on reliability modeling, where a clear distinction is made between 'safe failures' and 'dangerous failures'. In this article, we show that different interpretations of the term 'safety critical failure' exist, and there is room for misinterpretations and misunderstandings regarding risk and reliability assessments where failure information linked to safety systems are used, and which could influence decision-making. The article gives some examples from the oil and gas industry, showing different possible interpretations of the term. In particular we discuss the link between criticality and failure. The article points in general to the importance of adequate risk communication when using the term, and gives some clarification on interpretation in risk and reliability assessments.
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 1997
Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 2021
In Fig. 21.1 is illustrated the dual RBD and FT models of a system made of three components opera... more In Fig. 21.1 is illustrated the dual RBD and FT models of a system made of three components operating in series. The calculation of Pr(S) from the RBD is very simple when the components are independent: Pr(S) = Pr(A) • Pr(B) • Pr(C). The calculation of Pr(S) can be done as Pr(S) = 1 − Pr(S) but this simple calculation is possible because the above example is one of the simple structures analysed in Chap. 19. In the general case, the calculation has to be done directly from the Boolean equation embedded into the fault tree: Pr(S) = Pr(A ∪ B ∪ C). AsS involves the union of events, Pr(S) can be calculated by implementing the Sylvester-Poincaré formula (see e.g. Pagès and Gondran (1986) or Schneeweiss (1989)):
Dans le cadre des réseaux de Petri stochastiques (RdPS), l'objectif de la présente communicat... more Dans le cadre des réseaux de Petri stochastiques (RdPS), l'objectif de la présente communication est d'établir et de tester des procédures de mise à jour de l'instant de tir d’une transition, lorsqu’au moins l'un des paramètres de la loi de probabilité qui lui est associée est modifié par l'occurrence d'un événement externe au composant auquel est liée cette transition. Le choix des auteurs a été d'opter pour des procédures ne nécessitant pas d'effectuer de nouveaux tirages au sort des instants de tir des transitions concernées. Seules la distribution de Weibull et son cas particulier, la distribution exponentielle, sont considérées dans cette communication.In the frame of stochastic Petri nets (SPNs), the aim of the present paper is to state and test some procedures for updating the firing instant of a given transition when at least one of the parameters of its associated probabilistic law is modified by the occurrence of an event which is not due to...
Pour les systèmes dynamiques, il arrive souvent que la loi d'occurrence d'un événement A (ex. la ... more Pour les systèmes dynamiques, il arrive souvent que la loi d'occurrence d'un événement A (ex. la défaillance d'un circuit électronique) soit modifiée par l'occurrence d'un événement extérieur B (ex. la défaillance de la climatisation). Lors d'un calcul par simulation de Monte Carlo, cela implique que l'instant d'occurrence de A soit réactualisé quand B se produit. Le présent article se propose de prolonger et généraliser les procédures proposées dans l'article présenté au LM20 (Dutuit Y. et al., 2016) en introduisant de nouvelles procédures et en les fusionnant dans un modèle unifié qui évite d'avoir à faire un nouveau tirage au hasard au moment de l'occurrence de B. Tout au long de cet article, des lois de Weibull sont utilisées, ce qui permet de traiter la loi exponentielle comme cas particulier.
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Diderot, Oct 13, 2020
-Le groupe de travail GiRC (Gestion intégrée des Risques et de la Complexité) est un GTR de l'IMd... more -Le groupe de travail GiRC (Gestion intégrée des Risques et de la Complexité) est un GTR de l'IMdR. Après 3 années de travaux, un livrable sous la forme d'un ouvrage collectif a été proposé. Son objectif est d'actualiser et clarifier la finalité, les fonctions, les méthodes et le vocabulaire des métiers du risque présents dans les entreprises industrielles. Le présent article cherche à introduire cet ouvrage collectif en se concentrant sur la finalité et les grandes fonctions caractérisant chaque métier. Mots-clés-métiers du risque, entreprise industrielle, risques, complexité.