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Papers by Jeanne Percival
Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 6345, 2010
Applied Geochemistry, 2015
The historical (1932-1971) Bralorne mine produced over 87 million grams of Au from an archetypal ... more The historical (1932-1971) Bralorne mine produced over 87 million grams of Au from an archetypal orogenic lode gold deposit in southwest British Columbia. High concentrations of As in mine drainage, however, represent an ongoing environmental concern prompting a detailed study of effluent chemistry. The discharge rate at the mine portal was monitored continuously over a fourteen-month period during which effluent samples were collected on a quasi-weekly basis. Water samples were also collected on synoptic surveys of the adit between the portal and the main source of flow in the flooded workings. Total concentrations of As in the mildly alkaline (pH = 8.7) portal drainage average 3034 lg/L whereas at the source they average 5898 lg/L. As emergent waters from the flooded workings flow toward the portal, their dissolved oxygen content and pH increase from 0 to 10 mg/L and from 7.7 to 9, respectively. Near the emergence point, dissolved Fe precipitates rapidly, sorbing both As(III) and As(V). With increasing distance from the emergence point, dissolved As(III) concentrations drop to detection limits through sorption on hydrous ferric oxide and through oxidation to As(V). Concentrations of dissolved As(V), on the other hand, increase and stabilize, reflecting lower sorption at higher pH and the lack of available sorbent. Nonetheless, based on synoptic surveys, approximately 35% of the source As load is sequestered in the adit resulting in As sediment concentrations averaging 8.5 wt%. The remaining average As load of 1.34 kg/d is discharged from the portal. Partitioning of As(V) between dissolved and particulate phases in portal effluent is characterized by a sorption density of 0.37 mol As (mol Fe) À1 and by a distribution coefficient (K d) of 130 L/g HFO. The relatively high sorption density may reflect co-precipitation of As with Fe oxyhydroxides rather than a purely adsorption-controlled process. Results of this study show that the As self-mitigating capacity of drainage from orogenic lode gold deposits may be poor in high-pH and Felimited settings.
The Smoking Hills Formation of Arctic Canada represents a Cretaceous metalliferous black shale na... more The Smoking Hills Formation of Arctic Canada represents a Cretaceous metalliferous black shale named after auto-combusting exposures in Ingniryuat, Northwest Territories. This area was also named The Smoking Hills by the Franklin Expedition after the ever-present clouds of sulphuric acid smoke produced. Similar burning Cretaceous mudstones occur in Yukon, and northern Alberta, as well as western Greenland (as recorded in the Viking Sagas). These burning shales reflect deposition during OAE 2 and 3 events across the Arctic region. Metal in the Smoking Hills Formation are enriched over 1000x average shale values. The metal concentrations strongly correlate with heulandite content, an alteration product of volcanic glass, suggesting an origin related to volcanic loading. Abundant bentonite beds in the Smoking Hills Formation support deposition during active volcanism. This is further consistent with the eruption history of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province to the north, or Cretace...
Minerals
The recovery factor in unconventional reservoirs is typically 5–10%, with extensive hydraulic fra... more The recovery factor in unconventional reservoirs is typically 5–10%, with extensive hydraulic fracturing and infill drilling to maintain the production rate. Concurrently, the rush towards decarbonization is opening up new possibilities for CO2 utilization, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) being one example. CO2-EOR in unconventional reservoirs presents an opportunity for both financial gain through improved recovery factors, as well as reducing the carbon footprint of the produced oil. In this work, we examine the CO2-EOR potential in 4 organic-rich shale samples from the Canadian Bakken Formation. A number of characterization tests alongside CO2 extraction experiments were performed to gain insight into the controlling factors of CO2-EOR in these ultra-tight formations. The results show CO2 can penetrate the tight rock matrix and recover a substantial amount of hydrocarbon. Concentration gradient driven diffusion is the dominant form of recovery.
The results of a study to determine the geochemical, mineralogical, magnetic and textural charact... more The results of a study to determine the geochemical, mineralogical, magnetic and textural characteristics done on Late-Quaternary sediments from drill cores from the South Yellow Sea (core H106) and the Yangtze River Delta (core LA) (China) are reported. The Late-Pleistocene continental sedimentation is represented by clayey silt and hard clay layers, while the marine Holocene sediments consist mainly of clay (H106) and sand and clay layers (LA).
The Canadian Mineralogist, 1989
Chlorite in the alteration zone around the Cigar Lake uranium deposit in the Athabasca basin, nor... more Chlorite in the alteration zone around the Cigar Lake uranium deposit in the Athabasca basin, northern Saskatclewry-, has the composition : (Al2.s6Mg1.e2Feo.rJ(Si:.:o Alo.7dO1o(OH,F)6. This is a di-trioctati6ltrai-varietv, sudoite, with a IIb polytype structlrre, and characterized Qy an intense @6 reflection at 4.74 A and a d(060) of 1.5t5 A. Abundant sudoite occurs in a well-defined halo around the ore and probably formed at the expense of illite and kaolinite, during hydrothermal alteration associated with uranium mineralization.
The Athabasca Group in northern Saskatchewan and Alberta consists of a 100,000 km, 1400 m+ thick,... more The Athabasca Group in northern Saskatchewan and Alberta consists of a 100,000 km, 1400 m+ thick, Proterozoic sedimentary basin comprised of four sequences of fluvial conglomeratic sandstone deposited between 1760 and 1500 Ma (Ramaekers et al., 2007). In 2000-2004 the basin was the focus of a multi-disciplinary, multi-agency study (EXTECH IV) to improve the framework geology and exploration technologies for unconformity-associated uranium deposits (Jefferson and Delaney, 2007). Following this, the Saskatchewan Ministry of Energy and Resources initiated a program to revise, redefine and reposition the lithostratigraphic units of the Athabasca Group. During field activities in 2007, an unusual bed was observed in drill core near the top of the Manitou Falls Formation of the Athabasca Group. The layer was so unusual that it was first thought to represent a new tuffaceous layer in the Manitou Falls Formation. A layer such as this would be an excellent stratigraphic marker, possibly suit...
ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2018
In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the global demand for many elements used in g... more In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the global demand for many elements used in green energy and high-tech applications, including antimony (Sb), cobalt (Co), indium (In), lithium (...
Economic Geology, 2022
In central Yukon, the Neoproterozoic to Carboniferous complexly deformed Rackla belt is along the... more In central Yukon, the Neoproterozoic to Carboniferous complexly deformed Rackla belt is along the northern boundary of the Selwyn basin. Toward the eastern end of the Rackla belt, a series of gold deposits in the Nadaleen trend exhibit similarities with Carlin-type deposits of the southwestern United States and may represent some of the best examples of this type of mineralization outside Nevada. These replacement-style gold deposits are hosted in two Neoproterozoic carbonate-dominated intervals and in a Paleozoic siltstone/mudstone unit at the contact with less permeable strata. In Neoproterozoic-hosted deposits, mineralized zones are grossly concordant with bedding. Favorable host rocks (including sedimentary units formed through debris flows) form complexly shaped faulted anticlines that constituted mixed stratigraphic/structural traps for mineralizing fluids. This and the association of gold with arsenic-rich pyrite, the common occurrence of realgar/orpiment, alteration styles d...
Cruise SO-94 (EDISON: Epithermal Deposits Southwestern Pacific Ocean) of R/V Sonne completed a de... more Cruise SO-94 (EDISON: Epithermal Deposits Southwestern Pacific Ocean) of R/V Sonne completed a detailed investigation of the Tabar-Lihir-Tanga-Feni island chain in the New Ireland forearc basin of Papua New Guinea. The objectives of this program were to better understand tectonics, petrology, and ore-forming processes in an area of young, alkaline forearc seamounts. Detailed mapping and sampling was carried out in the vicinity of each of the four island groups of the Tabar-Feni chain. On the southern flank of Lihir island, a group of three volcanic cones ("Edison, Conical, and TUBAF Seamounts") were discovered at water depths from 1000-1500 m. The volcanoes are located in a narrow zone of recent seismic activity and elevated heat flow (up to 100 mW/m ). The recovered volcanic rocks consist of fresh alkali-olivine basalts, clinopyroxene-rich basalts (ankaramites), and porphyritic phlogopite basalts. One of the volcanoes has a recently erupted ejecta blanket (recovery of war...
Canadian Mineralogist, 2015
![Figure][1] Ann Phyllis Sabina was born in Lemberg, Saskatchewan in 1930. She grew up in Winnipe... more ![Figure][1] Ann Phyllis Sabina was born in Lemberg, Saskatchewan in 1930. She grew up in Winnipeg and attended the University of Manitoba. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology in 1952 and then joined the Geological Survey of Canada in Ottawa. Ann was hired in the new
This session focuses on clays and clay minerals that comprise natural or engineered barriers. Ora... more This session focuses on clays and clay minerals that comprise natural or engineered barriers. Oral and poster submissions will be accepted on a broad, multidisciplinary range of topics that encompass field, laboratory and numerical modelling. Presentations are particularly encouraged, but not limited to, the following topics: clay characterisation; chemical and alteration processes; clay thermodynamics; numerical modelling. The aim of the session is to explore the validation between field and laboratory experiments and measurements to increase the understanding of clays and clay minerals structure and properties. For details on submission of abstracts for an oral or poster presentation, visit the website: http://www.ima2014.co.za/
Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 6345, 2010
Applied Geochemistry, 2015
The historical (1932-1971) Bralorne mine produced over 87 million grams of Au from an archetypal ... more The historical (1932-1971) Bralorne mine produced over 87 million grams of Au from an archetypal orogenic lode gold deposit in southwest British Columbia. High concentrations of As in mine drainage, however, represent an ongoing environmental concern prompting a detailed study of effluent chemistry. The discharge rate at the mine portal was monitored continuously over a fourteen-month period during which effluent samples were collected on a quasi-weekly basis. Water samples were also collected on synoptic surveys of the adit between the portal and the main source of flow in the flooded workings. Total concentrations of As in the mildly alkaline (pH = 8.7) portal drainage average 3034 lg/L whereas at the source they average 5898 lg/L. As emergent waters from the flooded workings flow toward the portal, their dissolved oxygen content and pH increase from 0 to 10 mg/L and from 7.7 to 9, respectively. Near the emergence point, dissolved Fe precipitates rapidly, sorbing both As(III) and As(V). With increasing distance from the emergence point, dissolved As(III) concentrations drop to detection limits through sorption on hydrous ferric oxide and through oxidation to As(V). Concentrations of dissolved As(V), on the other hand, increase and stabilize, reflecting lower sorption at higher pH and the lack of available sorbent. Nonetheless, based on synoptic surveys, approximately 35% of the source As load is sequestered in the adit resulting in As sediment concentrations averaging 8.5 wt%. The remaining average As load of 1.34 kg/d is discharged from the portal. Partitioning of As(V) between dissolved and particulate phases in portal effluent is characterized by a sorption density of 0.37 mol As (mol Fe) À1 and by a distribution coefficient (K d) of 130 L/g HFO. The relatively high sorption density may reflect co-precipitation of As with Fe oxyhydroxides rather than a purely adsorption-controlled process. Results of this study show that the As self-mitigating capacity of drainage from orogenic lode gold deposits may be poor in high-pH and Felimited settings.
The Smoking Hills Formation of Arctic Canada represents a Cretaceous metalliferous black shale na... more The Smoking Hills Formation of Arctic Canada represents a Cretaceous metalliferous black shale named after auto-combusting exposures in Ingniryuat, Northwest Territories. This area was also named The Smoking Hills by the Franklin Expedition after the ever-present clouds of sulphuric acid smoke produced. Similar burning Cretaceous mudstones occur in Yukon, and northern Alberta, as well as western Greenland (as recorded in the Viking Sagas). These burning shales reflect deposition during OAE 2 and 3 events across the Arctic region. Metal in the Smoking Hills Formation are enriched over 1000x average shale values. The metal concentrations strongly correlate with heulandite content, an alteration product of volcanic glass, suggesting an origin related to volcanic loading. Abundant bentonite beds in the Smoking Hills Formation support deposition during active volcanism. This is further consistent with the eruption history of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province to the north, or Cretace...
Minerals
The recovery factor in unconventional reservoirs is typically 5–10%, with extensive hydraulic fra... more The recovery factor in unconventional reservoirs is typically 5–10%, with extensive hydraulic fracturing and infill drilling to maintain the production rate. Concurrently, the rush towards decarbonization is opening up new possibilities for CO2 utilization, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) being one example. CO2-EOR in unconventional reservoirs presents an opportunity for both financial gain through improved recovery factors, as well as reducing the carbon footprint of the produced oil. In this work, we examine the CO2-EOR potential in 4 organic-rich shale samples from the Canadian Bakken Formation. A number of characterization tests alongside CO2 extraction experiments were performed to gain insight into the controlling factors of CO2-EOR in these ultra-tight formations. The results show CO2 can penetrate the tight rock matrix and recover a substantial amount of hydrocarbon. Concentration gradient driven diffusion is the dominant form of recovery.
The results of a study to determine the geochemical, mineralogical, magnetic and textural charact... more The results of a study to determine the geochemical, mineralogical, magnetic and textural characteristics done on Late-Quaternary sediments from drill cores from the South Yellow Sea (core H106) and the Yangtze River Delta (core LA) (China) are reported. The Late-Pleistocene continental sedimentation is represented by clayey silt and hard clay layers, while the marine Holocene sediments consist mainly of clay (H106) and sand and clay layers (LA).
The Canadian Mineralogist, 1989
Chlorite in the alteration zone around the Cigar Lake uranium deposit in the Athabasca basin, nor... more Chlorite in the alteration zone around the Cigar Lake uranium deposit in the Athabasca basin, northern Saskatclewry-, has the composition : (Al2.s6Mg1.e2Feo.rJ(Si:.:o Alo.7dO1o(OH,F)6. This is a di-trioctati6ltrai-varietv, sudoite, with a IIb polytype structlrre, and characterized Qy an intense @6 reflection at 4.74 A and a d(060) of 1.5t5 A. Abundant sudoite occurs in a well-defined halo around the ore and probably formed at the expense of illite and kaolinite, during hydrothermal alteration associated with uranium mineralization.
The Athabasca Group in northern Saskatchewan and Alberta consists of a 100,000 km, 1400 m+ thick,... more The Athabasca Group in northern Saskatchewan and Alberta consists of a 100,000 km, 1400 m+ thick, Proterozoic sedimentary basin comprised of four sequences of fluvial conglomeratic sandstone deposited between 1760 and 1500 Ma (Ramaekers et al., 2007). In 2000-2004 the basin was the focus of a multi-disciplinary, multi-agency study (EXTECH IV) to improve the framework geology and exploration technologies for unconformity-associated uranium deposits (Jefferson and Delaney, 2007). Following this, the Saskatchewan Ministry of Energy and Resources initiated a program to revise, redefine and reposition the lithostratigraphic units of the Athabasca Group. During field activities in 2007, an unusual bed was observed in drill core near the top of the Manitou Falls Formation of the Athabasca Group. The layer was so unusual that it was first thought to represent a new tuffaceous layer in the Manitou Falls Formation. A layer such as this would be an excellent stratigraphic marker, possibly suit...
ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2018
In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the global demand for many elements used in g... more In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the global demand for many elements used in green energy and high-tech applications, including antimony (Sb), cobalt (Co), indium (In), lithium (...
Economic Geology, 2022
In central Yukon, the Neoproterozoic to Carboniferous complexly deformed Rackla belt is along the... more In central Yukon, the Neoproterozoic to Carboniferous complexly deformed Rackla belt is along the northern boundary of the Selwyn basin. Toward the eastern end of the Rackla belt, a series of gold deposits in the Nadaleen trend exhibit similarities with Carlin-type deposits of the southwestern United States and may represent some of the best examples of this type of mineralization outside Nevada. These replacement-style gold deposits are hosted in two Neoproterozoic carbonate-dominated intervals and in a Paleozoic siltstone/mudstone unit at the contact with less permeable strata. In Neoproterozoic-hosted deposits, mineralized zones are grossly concordant with bedding. Favorable host rocks (including sedimentary units formed through debris flows) form complexly shaped faulted anticlines that constituted mixed stratigraphic/structural traps for mineralizing fluids. This and the association of gold with arsenic-rich pyrite, the common occurrence of realgar/orpiment, alteration styles d...
Cruise SO-94 (EDISON: Epithermal Deposits Southwestern Pacific Ocean) of R/V Sonne completed a de... more Cruise SO-94 (EDISON: Epithermal Deposits Southwestern Pacific Ocean) of R/V Sonne completed a detailed investigation of the Tabar-Lihir-Tanga-Feni island chain in the New Ireland forearc basin of Papua New Guinea. The objectives of this program were to better understand tectonics, petrology, and ore-forming processes in an area of young, alkaline forearc seamounts. Detailed mapping and sampling was carried out in the vicinity of each of the four island groups of the Tabar-Feni chain. On the southern flank of Lihir island, a group of three volcanic cones ("Edison, Conical, and TUBAF Seamounts") were discovered at water depths from 1000-1500 m. The volcanoes are located in a narrow zone of recent seismic activity and elevated heat flow (up to 100 mW/m ). The recovered volcanic rocks consist of fresh alkali-olivine basalts, clinopyroxene-rich basalts (ankaramites), and porphyritic phlogopite basalts. One of the volcanoes has a recently erupted ejecta blanket (recovery of war...
Canadian Mineralogist, 2015
![Figure][1] Ann Phyllis Sabina was born in Lemberg, Saskatchewan in 1930. She grew up in Winnipe... more ![Figure][1] Ann Phyllis Sabina was born in Lemberg, Saskatchewan in 1930. She grew up in Winnipeg and attended the University of Manitoba. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology in 1952 and then joined the Geological Survey of Canada in Ottawa. Ann was hired in the new
This session focuses on clays and clay minerals that comprise natural or engineered barriers. Ora... more This session focuses on clays and clay minerals that comprise natural or engineered barriers. Oral and poster submissions will be accepted on a broad, multidisciplinary range of topics that encompass field, laboratory and numerical modelling. Presentations are particularly encouraged, but not limited to, the following topics: clay characterisation; chemical and alteration processes; clay thermodynamics; numerical modelling. The aim of the session is to explore the validation between field and laboratory experiments and measurements to increase the understanding of clays and clay minerals structure and properties. For details on submission of abstracts for an oral or poster presentation, visit the website: http://www.ima2014.co.za/