Jeffrey Hampl - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jeffrey Hampl
The Journal of Nutrition, 1999
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2014
Objective: Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) cash value vouchers (CVV) have been inconsistently ... more Objective: Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) cash value vouchers (CVV) have been inconsistently redeemed in Arizona. The objective of this study was to explore perceived barriers to use of CVV as well as strategies participants use to overcome them. Design: Eight focus groups were conducted to explore attitudes and behaviors related to CVV use. Setting: Focus groups were conducted at 2 WIC clinics in metro-Phoenix, AZ. Participants: Participants in WIC who were at least 18 years of age and primarily responsible for buying and preparing food for their households. Phenomenon of Interest: Perceived barriers to CVV use and strategies used to maximize their purchasing value. Analysis: Transcripts were analyzed using a general inductive approach to identify emergent themes. Results: Among 41 participants, multiple perceived barriers emerged, such as negative interactions in stores or confusion over WIC rules. Among experienced shoppers, WIC strategies also emerged to deal with barriers and maximize CVV value, including strategic choice of times and locations at which to shop and use of price-matching, rewards points, and other ways to increase purchasing power. Conclusions and Implications: Arizona WIC participants perceived barriers that limit easy redemption of CVV. Useful strategies were also identified that could be important to explore further to improve WIC CVV purchasing experiences.
Attitudes and perceptions on the role of preceptors in dietetic internships were assessed by anon... more Attitudes and perceptions on the role of preceptors in dietetic internships were assessed by anonline survey among 552 registered dietitians and other nutrition professionals. Significant differenceswere observed in the scores concerning the value of the preceptor role, institutionalsupport for precepting, and benefits of interns by preceptor experience categories. More nonpreceptorswanted input on selection and scheduling interns, preceptor training, and access to an"on-call" preceptor specialist than current or former preceptors. Continuing professional educationunits were more popular than financial compensation as an incentive for supervising interns.Addressing these concerns may encourage greater dietetic internship preceptor participation.
The Journal of Nutrition, 1999
The Journal of Nutrition, 1999
Probably few women or men have done more to shape nutrition science and nutrition policy than did... more Probably few women or men have done more to shape nutrition science and nutrition policy than did Ruth Mandeville Leverton. With a career in academia and government that spanned five decades, Leverton published several books, book chapters, and more than 200 papers during her lifetime. As a nutrition scientist and administrator, Leverton played a pivotal role in the rise of nutrition, participating in key issues such as food rationing and distribution during war, the development and evolution of the Recommended Dietary Allowances, the decision to fortify grains with nutrients, and the organization of domestic and foreign food assistance programs. Leverton was born on March 23, 1908, in Minneapolis. She was the second child of Ernest Richard and Helen Ruth Mandeville, who had moved to Minnesota from their native Illinois because of Ernest's engineering career. After several years in Minnesota, the family then moved to Calgary, where Leverton's older sister Martha died at the age of 7. Martha's death was a tragedy, but the family was blessed several years later with a son Richard and a daughter Helen. Leverton's two younger siblings were born in Deadwood, South Dakota, where Ernest had moved his family to supervise the building of President Calvin Coolidge's summer lodge. Leverton graduated from high school in Deadwood in 1924. The following summer, her family moved once more to Lincoln, Nebraska, where she began studying at the University of Nebraska. Leverton chose to study home economics for two specific reasons: She wanted to work in a woman's field, and she was drawn to the practical applications of the profession. Leverton excelled academically, and even as an undergraduate she had an adventurous spirit, made evident by the one semester she spent studying at the Merill Palmer School in Detroit, Michigan. After earning her B.S. in home economics in 1928, Leverton became employed as did most college-educated women of her day: she taught in public schools. After teaching high school for two years in small Nebraska towns, Leverton decided that she needed to further her education. Knowing of the groundbreaking discoveries at the College of Agriculture at the University of Arizona, Leverton moved to Tucson to work with Dr. Margaret Cammack Smith. While pursuing her master's degree, Leverton excelled in both human and animal nutrition (Smith and Leverton 1934a), which provided her with a firm foundation for many years of research and teaching.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000
Background: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for several chronic oxidative diseases that ... more Background: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for several chronic oxidative diseases that can be ameliorated by antioxidants. Objectives: This study identified the typical dietary intakes and the major food group contributors of the antioxidants -carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E by smoking status. Design: The 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) provided the current sample (n = 6749), who were categorized as non-(n = 3231), former (n = 1684), and current (n = 1834) smokers. In the CSFII, individuals' food intakes were estimated with two 24-h dietary recalls. Data were analyzed by using a chi-square test with a simultaneous Fisher's z test, analysis of variance with Scheffe's test, multivariate analysis of covariance, and analysis of covariance with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Results: The sample consisted of 3707 men and 3042 women. Current smokers tended to be younger with less education and lower incomes than nonsmokers and former smokers. The average body mass index (in kg/m 2) of current smokers was 25.8, the lowest of the 3 groups. Current smokers had the lowest dietary antioxidant intake. Fatty foods such as luncheon meats, condiments and salad dressings, and ground beef contributed more to the antioxidant intakes of current smokers than to those of the other 2 groups, whereas fruit and vegetables contributed less. Current smokers consumed the fewest numbers of servings of all nutrient-bearing groups in the food guide pyramid, except the meat group. Conclusion: Future interventions should target the clustering of cigarette smoking and other unhealthy lifestyle habits, eg, an imprudent diet.
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1997
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2002
The influence of creatine supplementation on substrate utilization during rest was investigated u... more The influence of creatine supplementation on substrate utilization during rest was investigated using a double-blind crossover design. Ten active men participated in 12 wk of weight training and were given creatine and placebo (20 g/day for 4 days, then 2 g/day for 17 days) in two trials separated by a 4-wk washout. Body composition, substrate utilization, and strength were assessed after weeks 2, 5, 9, and 12. Maximal isometric contraction [1 repetition maximum (RM)] leg press increased significantly (P < 0.05) after both treatments, but 1-RM bench press was increased (33 +/- 8 kg, P < 0.05) only after creatine. Total body mass increased (1.6 +/- 0.5 kg, P < 0.05) after creatine but not after placebo. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in fat-free mass were found after creatine and placebo supplementation (1.9 +/- 0.8 and 2.2 +/- 0.7 kg, respectively). Fat mass did not change significantly with creatine but decreased after the placebo trial (-2.4 +/- 0.8 kg, P < 0.05)....
Pediatric nursing
In the United States, the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has reached epidemic lev... more In the United States, the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has reached epidemic levels, with U.S. Hispanic children, a sub-group mainly composed of children of Mexican decent, disproportionately affected. Prior research has suggested that Mexican parents may view overweight in early childhood as desirable; however, it is unclear if this is still the case. Therefore, this qualitative study explored the beliefs of 11 Mexican parents of preschoolers regarding weight and health. Following coding and clustering of themes from the transcribed audio-recorded meetings, six patterns were identified: (a) meanings and relationships about excess weight in childhood and child health, (b) causes of overweight and obesity, (c) uncertainty about knowing and not knowing, (d) from Mexico to America: enticements of a new land and time as a commodity, (e) the effects of society on personal and parental goals: the work of parenting in the United States, and (f) identified needs and action ...
Many content analyses of mass media and health messages have been conducted, but little is known ... more Many content analyses of mass media and health messages have been conducted, but little is known regarding the perceptions of high school students about health-related topics. The authors conducted a content analysis of 218 newspapers collected from 25 Arizona high schools published during the 2003-2004 academic year. Two independent evaluators read each entire newspaper, identified qualifying articles (n = 95), and categorized content by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Evaluators sorted each article's content into one or more groups reflecting the MyPyramid food categories and tracked article themes related to harms or benefits of lifestyle choices. Articles were also scored regarding information accuracy. Categorizing by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines, the most frequently mentioned article topics were "carbohydrates" or "reduced sugars" in foods (55%), "weight management" (53%), and "physical activity" (45%). In all, 15% of articles included some incorrect information in their text. These data show that healthy eating and active lifestyles are important concerns for high school journalism students. Journalism and dietetics professionals should volunteer with high school journalism classes to encourage these interests and to promote greater coverage of nutrition and health issues as well as more accurate reporting.
Nutrition, 2000
2 oz of milk, this loss could be replaced. Thus, it is a good idea to add milk to coffee and tea;... more 2 oz of milk, this loss could be replaced. Thus, it is a good idea to add milk to coffee and tea; Ca is normally present in many chocolate products. Bowes' and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly Used 13 and the Hershey Food Corporation 14 have supplied additional information on the caffeine content of food products.
Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 2003
Food and nutrition issues are popular news topics and have been occurring in the media with incre... more Food and nutrition issues are popular news topics and have been occurring in the media with increasing frequency, yet few journalists are trained specifically in health reporting. Training in health science may be an approach to pique students' interest and maintain enrollments. Currently, health reporters say that lack of training is the biggest obstacle they face professionally; as a result, health news is often superficial, exaggerated, and not balanced. Providing training in health sciences to undergraduate journalism and mass communication students will give future health reporters the solid foundation they need to communicate health news effectively to the public.
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2001
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2003
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2005
Because hunger remains an element of daily life for many Americans, we proposed that a school-bas... more Because hunger remains an element of daily life for many Americans, we proposed that a school-based program to distribute gleaned vegetables and fruits, most of which were locally and seasonally grown, would reduce barriers for consuming vegetables and fruits among a low-income school community. In addition to recording the tonnage of food distributed in the project, we collected a series
Journal of Sensory Studies, 2003
Mesquite (Prosopis sp.) is a fast-growing tree that produces abundant amounts of pods. Although t... more Mesquite (Prosopis sp.) is a fast-growing tree that produces abundant amounts of pods. Although these pods were once part of the diet of Southwest Native Americans, little is known today regarding the acceptability of mesquite flour. We standardized a recipe using mesquite $our with a commercially available ready-to-eat cereal product and tested the acceptance of the product with Native American participants (n = 84). Participants were asked to complete a food acceptability survey and a food action rating survey to determine taste sensory perception and expected frequency of consumption. Although participants were significantly more likely (P = 0.008) to prefer the cereal without mesquite than with the mesquite added, participants reported favorable acceptability with the cereal, both with and without mesquite pour added. The results of the FACT food frequency survey were positive for both the product with mesquite added and without, with no significant difserence (P = 0.07) between the two. These data support the potential for mesquite to be reincolporated as an acceptable ingredient in modem diets of Native Americans.
Journal of Nutrition Education, 1998
Journal of Nutrition Education, 2000
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1998
Background: Large international variations in rates of prostate cancer incidence and mortality su... more Background: Large international variations in rates of prostate cancer incidence and mortality suggest that environmental factors have a strong influence on the development of this disease. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive variables for prostate cancer mortality in data from 59 countries. Methods: Data on prostate cancer mortality, food consumption, tobacco use, socioeconomic factors, reproductive factors, and health indicators were obtained from United Nations sources. Linear regression models were fit to these data. The influence of each variable fit in the regression models was assessed by multiplying the regression coefficient b by the 75th (X 75) and 25th (X 25) percentile values of the variable. The difference, bX 75 − bX 25 , is the estimated effect of the variable across its interquartile range on mortality rates measured as deaths per 100 000 males aged 45-74 years. Reported P values are two-sided. Results: Prostate cancer mortality was inversely associated with estimated consumption of cereals (bX 75 − bX 25 = −7.31 deaths; P = .001), nuts and oilseeds (bX 75 − bX 25 = −1.72 deaths; P = .003), and fish (bX 75 − bX 25 = −1.47 deaths; P = .001). In the 42 countries for which we had appropriate data, soy products were found to be significantly protective (P = .0001), with an effect size per kilocalorie at least four times as large as that of any other dietary factor. Besides variables related to diet, we observed an association between prostate cancer mortality rates and a composite of other health-related, sanitation, and economic variables (P = .003). Conclusions: The specific food-related results from this study are consistent with previous information and support the current dietary guidelines and hypothesis that grains, cereals, and nuts are protective against prostate cancer. The findings also provide a rationale for future study of soy products in prostate cancer prevention trials. [
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 2003
To study dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) patterns among US adults, stratified by snackin... more To study dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) patterns among US adults, stratified by snacking patterns. The 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) provided the study sample. Snacking episodes were defined as a 'food and/or beverage break', and subjects were classified as morning, afternoon, evening, multiple or never snackers. Our study included data from 1756 men and 1511 women who provided two nonconsecutive, multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls. Mean values of each subject's two 24-h recalls were used for analyses, and data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows and SUDAAN. Compared with women, men were more likely to be evening, multiple or never snackers. Male multiple snackers had significantly higher energy intakes than did afternoon and never snackers, whereas female multiple snackers had higher energy intakes than did morning, evening and never snackers. At the same time, male and female multiple snackers had more prudent energy-adjusted intakes of protein, cholesterol, calcium and sodium. Coffee, cola, milk, ice cream and fruits were among the most frequently consumed snacks by men and women. The BMI did not differ significantly across snacker categories. These data indicate that snacking patterns have some effects on energy and nutrient intakes but not on BMI. Snack food choices remain a concern, especially beverages, including those that are sweetened. Vegetables and fruits as snacks should be encouraged.
The Journal of Nutrition, 1999
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2014
Objective: Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) cash value vouchers (CVV) have been inconsistently ... more Objective: Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) cash value vouchers (CVV) have been inconsistently redeemed in Arizona. The objective of this study was to explore perceived barriers to use of CVV as well as strategies participants use to overcome them. Design: Eight focus groups were conducted to explore attitudes and behaviors related to CVV use. Setting: Focus groups were conducted at 2 WIC clinics in metro-Phoenix, AZ. Participants: Participants in WIC who were at least 18 years of age and primarily responsible for buying and preparing food for their households. Phenomenon of Interest: Perceived barriers to CVV use and strategies used to maximize their purchasing value. Analysis: Transcripts were analyzed using a general inductive approach to identify emergent themes. Results: Among 41 participants, multiple perceived barriers emerged, such as negative interactions in stores or confusion over WIC rules. Among experienced shoppers, WIC strategies also emerged to deal with barriers and maximize CVV value, including strategic choice of times and locations at which to shop and use of price-matching, rewards points, and other ways to increase purchasing power. Conclusions and Implications: Arizona WIC participants perceived barriers that limit easy redemption of CVV. Useful strategies were also identified that could be important to explore further to improve WIC CVV purchasing experiences.
Attitudes and perceptions on the role of preceptors in dietetic internships were assessed by anon... more Attitudes and perceptions on the role of preceptors in dietetic internships were assessed by anonline survey among 552 registered dietitians and other nutrition professionals. Significant differenceswere observed in the scores concerning the value of the preceptor role, institutionalsupport for precepting, and benefits of interns by preceptor experience categories. More nonpreceptorswanted input on selection and scheduling interns, preceptor training, and access to an"on-call" preceptor specialist than current or former preceptors. Continuing professional educationunits were more popular than financial compensation as an incentive for supervising interns.Addressing these concerns may encourage greater dietetic internship preceptor participation.
The Journal of Nutrition, 1999
The Journal of Nutrition, 1999
Probably few women or men have done more to shape nutrition science and nutrition policy than did... more Probably few women or men have done more to shape nutrition science and nutrition policy than did Ruth Mandeville Leverton. With a career in academia and government that spanned five decades, Leverton published several books, book chapters, and more than 200 papers during her lifetime. As a nutrition scientist and administrator, Leverton played a pivotal role in the rise of nutrition, participating in key issues such as food rationing and distribution during war, the development and evolution of the Recommended Dietary Allowances, the decision to fortify grains with nutrients, and the organization of domestic and foreign food assistance programs. Leverton was born on March 23, 1908, in Minneapolis. She was the second child of Ernest Richard and Helen Ruth Mandeville, who had moved to Minnesota from their native Illinois because of Ernest's engineering career. After several years in Minnesota, the family then moved to Calgary, where Leverton's older sister Martha died at the age of 7. Martha's death was a tragedy, but the family was blessed several years later with a son Richard and a daughter Helen. Leverton's two younger siblings were born in Deadwood, South Dakota, where Ernest had moved his family to supervise the building of President Calvin Coolidge's summer lodge. Leverton graduated from high school in Deadwood in 1924. The following summer, her family moved once more to Lincoln, Nebraska, where she began studying at the University of Nebraska. Leverton chose to study home economics for two specific reasons: She wanted to work in a woman's field, and she was drawn to the practical applications of the profession. Leverton excelled academically, and even as an undergraduate she had an adventurous spirit, made evident by the one semester she spent studying at the Merill Palmer School in Detroit, Michigan. After earning her B.S. in home economics in 1928, Leverton became employed as did most college-educated women of her day: she taught in public schools. After teaching high school for two years in small Nebraska towns, Leverton decided that she needed to further her education. Knowing of the groundbreaking discoveries at the College of Agriculture at the University of Arizona, Leverton moved to Tucson to work with Dr. Margaret Cammack Smith. While pursuing her master's degree, Leverton excelled in both human and animal nutrition (Smith and Leverton 1934a), which provided her with a firm foundation for many years of research and teaching.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000
Background: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for several chronic oxidative diseases that ... more Background: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for several chronic oxidative diseases that can be ameliorated by antioxidants. Objectives: This study identified the typical dietary intakes and the major food group contributors of the antioxidants -carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E by smoking status. Design: The 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) provided the current sample (n = 6749), who were categorized as non-(n = 3231), former (n = 1684), and current (n = 1834) smokers. In the CSFII, individuals' food intakes were estimated with two 24-h dietary recalls. Data were analyzed by using a chi-square test with a simultaneous Fisher's z test, analysis of variance with Scheffe's test, multivariate analysis of covariance, and analysis of covariance with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Results: The sample consisted of 3707 men and 3042 women. Current smokers tended to be younger with less education and lower incomes than nonsmokers and former smokers. The average body mass index (in kg/m 2) of current smokers was 25.8, the lowest of the 3 groups. Current smokers had the lowest dietary antioxidant intake. Fatty foods such as luncheon meats, condiments and salad dressings, and ground beef contributed more to the antioxidant intakes of current smokers than to those of the other 2 groups, whereas fruit and vegetables contributed less. Current smokers consumed the fewest numbers of servings of all nutrient-bearing groups in the food guide pyramid, except the meat group. Conclusion: Future interventions should target the clustering of cigarette smoking and other unhealthy lifestyle habits, eg, an imprudent diet.
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1997
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2002
The influence of creatine supplementation on substrate utilization during rest was investigated u... more The influence of creatine supplementation on substrate utilization during rest was investigated using a double-blind crossover design. Ten active men participated in 12 wk of weight training and were given creatine and placebo (20 g/day for 4 days, then 2 g/day for 17 days) in two trials separated by a 4-wk washout. Body composition, substrate utilization, and strength were assessed after weeks 2, 5, 9, and 12. Maximal isometric contraction [1 repetition maximum (RM)] leg press increased significantly (P < 0.05) after both treatments, but 1-RM bench press was increased (33 +/- 8 kg, P < 0.05) only after creatine. Total body mass increased (1.6 +/- 0.5 kg, P < 0.05) after creatine but not after placebo. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in fat-free mass were found after creatine and placebo supplementation (1.9 +/- 0.8 and 2.2 +/- 0.7 kg, respectively). Fat mass did not change significantly with creatine but decreased after the placebo trial (-2.4 +/- 0.8 kg, P < 0.05)....
Pediatric nursing
In the United States, the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has reached epidemic lev... more In the United States, the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has reached epidemic levels, with U.S. Hispanic children, a sub-group mainly composed of children of Mexican decent, disproportionately affected. Prior research has suggested that Mexican parents may view overweight in early childhood as desirable; however, it is unclear if this is still the case. Therefore, this qualitative study explored the beliefs of 11 Mexican parents of preschoolers regarding weight and health. Following coding and clustering of themes from the transcribed audio-recorded meetings, six patterns were identified: (a) meanings and relationships about excess weight in childhood and child health, (b) causes of overweight and obesity, (c) uncertainty about knowing and not knowing, (d) from Mexico to America: enticements of a new land and time as a commodity, (e) the effects of society on personal and parental goals: the work of parenting in the United States, and (f) identified needs and action ...
Many content analyses of mass media and health messages have been conducted, but little is known ... more Many content analyses of mass media and health messages have been conducted, but little is known regarding the perceptions of high school students about health-related topics. The authors conducted a content analysis of 218 newspapers collected from 25 Arizona high schools published during the 2003-2004 academic year. Two independent evaluators read each entire newspaper, identified qualifying articles (n = 95), and categorized content by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Evaluators sorted each article's content into one or more groups reflecting the MyPyramid food categories and tracked article themes related to harms or benefits of lifestyle choices. Articles were also scored regarding information accuracy. Categorizing by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines, the most frequently mentioned article topics were "carbohydrates" or "reduced sugars" in foods (55%), "weight management" (53%), and "physical activity" (45%). In all, 15% of articles included some incorrect information in their text. These data show that healthy eating and active lifestyles are important concerns for high school journalism students. Journalism and dietetics professionals should volunteer with high school journalism classes to encourage these interests and to promote greater coverage of nutrition and health issues as well as more accurate reporting.
Nutrition, 2000
2 oz of milk, this loss could be replaced. Thus, it is a good idea to add milk to coffee and tea;... more 2 oz of milk, this loss could be replaced. Thus, it is a good idea to add milk to coffee and tea; Ca is normally present in many chocolate products. Bowes' and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly Used 13 and the Hershey Food Corporation 14 have supplied additional information on the caffeine content of food products.
Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 2003
Food and nutrition issues are popular news topics and have been occurring in the media with incre... more Food and nutrition issues are popular news topics and have been occurring in the media with increasing frequency, yet few journalists are trained specifically in health reporting. Training in health science may be an approach to pique students' interest and maintain enrollments. Currently, health reporters say that lack of training is the biggest obstacle they face professionally; as a result, health news is often superficial, exaggerated, and not balanced. Providing training in health sciences to undergraduate journalism and mass communication students will give future health reporters the solid foundation they need to communicate health news effectively to the public.
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2001
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2003
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2005
Because hunger remains an element of daily life for many Americans, we proposed that a school-bas... more Because hunger remains an element of daily life for many Americans, we proposed that a school-based program to distribute gleaned vegetables and fruits, most of which were locally and seasonally grown, would reduce barriers for consuming vegetables and fruits among a low-income school community. In addition to recording the tonnage of food distributed in the project, we collected a series
Journal of Sensory Studies, 2003
Mesquite (Prosopis sp.) is a fast-growing tree that produces abundant amounts of pods. Although t... more Mesquite (Prosopis sp.) is a fast-growing tree that produces abundant amounts of pods. Although these pods were once part of the diet of Southwest Native Americans, little is known today regarding the acceptability of mesquite flour. We standardized a recipe using mesquite $our with a commercially available ready-to-eat cereal product and tested the acceptance of the product with Native American participants (n = 84). Participants were asked to complete a food acceptability survey and a food action rating survey to determine taste sensory perception and expected frequency of consumption. Although participants were significantly more likely (P = 0.008) to prefer the cereal without mesquite than with the mesquite added, participants reported favorable acceptability with the cereal, both with and without mesquite pour added. The results of the FACT food frequency survey were positive for both the product with mesquite added and without, with no significant difserence (P = 0.07) between the two. These data support the potential for mesquite to be reincolporated as an acceptable ingredient in modem diets of Native Americans.
Journal of Nutrition Education, 1998
Journal of Nutrition Education, 2000
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1998
Background: Large international variations in rates of prostate cancer incidence and mortality su... more Background: Large international variations in rates of prostate cancer incidence and mortality suggest that environmental factors have a strong influence on the development of this disease. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive variables for prostate cancer mortality in data from 59 countries. Methods: Data on prostate cancer mortality, food consumption, tobacco use, socioeconomic factors, reproductive factors, and health indicators were obtained from United Nations sources. Linear regression models were fit to these data. The influence of each variable fit in the regression models was assessed by multiplying the regression coefficient b by the 75th (X 75) and 25th (X 25) percentile values of the variable. The difference, bX 75 − bX 25 , is the estimated effect of the variable across its interquartile range on mortality rates measured as deaths per 100 000 males aged 45-74 years. Reported P values are two-sided. Results: Prostate cancer mortality was inversely associated with estimated consumption of cereals (bX 75 − bX 25 = −7.31 deaths; P = .001), nuts and oilseeds (bX 75 − bX 25 = −1.72 deaths; P = .003), and fish (bX 75 − bX 25 = −1.47 deaths; P = .001). In the 42 countries for which we had appropriate data, soy products were found to be significantly protective (P = .0001), with an effect size per kilocalorie at least four times as large as that of any other dietary factor. Besides variables related to diet, we observed an association between prostate cancer mortality rates and a composite of other health-related, sanitation, and economic variables (P = .003). Conclusions: The specific food-related results from this study are consistent with previous information and support the current dietary guidelines and hypothesis that grains, cereals, and nuts are protective against prostate cancer. The findings also provide a rationale for future study of soy products in prostate cancer prevention trials. [
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 2003
To study dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) patterns among US adults, stratified by snackin... more To study dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) patterns among US adults, stratified by snacking patterns. The 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) provided the study sample. Snacking episodes were defined as a 'food and/or beverage break', and subjects were classified as morning, afternoon, evening, multiple or never snackers. Our study included data from 1756 men and 1511 women who provided two nonconsecutive, multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls. Mean values of each subject's two 24-h recalls were used for analyses, and data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows and SUDAAN. Compared with women, men were more likely to be evening, multiple or never snackers. Male multiple snackers had significantly higher energy intakes than did afternoon and never snackers, whereas female multiple snackers had higher energy intakes than did morning, evening and never snackers. At the same time, male and female multiple snackers had more prudent energy-adjusted intakes of protein, cholesterol, calcium and sodium. Coffee, cola, milk, ice cream and fruits were among the most frequently consumed snacks by men and women. The BMI did not differ significantly across snacker categories. These data indicate that snacking patterns have some effects on energy and nutrient intakes but not on BMI. Snack food choices remain a concern, especially beverages, including those that are sweetened. Vegetables and fruits as snacks should be encouraged.