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Introduction Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is crucial to providing tre... more Introduction
Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is crucial to providing treatment to slow down decline in patients. Several MRI-based techniques have been developed to increase accurate diagnosis of AD. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) texture analysis of in-vivo MR images have been shown to discriminate AD from control. This study is aim to determine the potential of texture analysis to discriminating AD from control.
Methods
MRI T2-relaxometry method was used for data acquisition, data was pre-processed using JIM, Imagej and fslview software to masked, binarised and flip the image for proper alignment of masked with slice images. The image data was texturally analysed using TexLAB software and texture data was statistically analyse using graphpad prism and Microsoft excel.
Result
Texture parameters were tested for differences in total grey matter (TotGM), distal grey matter (dGM), mid cortical layer (MCL) and white matter (WM). Analysis on effects of quantization levels shows significant differences in entropy and energy for all four segments of the brain. Texture analysis shows significant difference between AD and control in TotGM but not in WM, MCL or dGM.
Discussion
The effects of quantisation levels were significant for entropy and energy in all three segments. There were significance difference in TotGM but not in dGM and MCL. dGM gave better tissue discrimination than MCL. This provide the evidence that texture analysis could be used in making accurate diagnosis of AD.
Conclusion
Texture analysis is a promising technique that could be used in accurate diagnosis of AD.

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• Pray for God divine intervention and protection. • Regular Covid-19 symptoms are Cough, Fever, ... more • Pray for God divine intervention and protection. • Regular Covid-19 symptoms are Cough, Fever, Difficulty in breathing. • Some people will have the virus and develop no symptoms, others symptoms may be mild or moderate, but people with severe symptoms need hospital admission. • Follow WHO preventive recommendation • Personal isolation is important at this time, this slow spread of virus. • Keep safe distance when outdoor, not less than 3metres • Always wash your hands with soap and water after touching any suspected surface • Can use 75% alcohol base rub for your hands after touching suspected surfaces • Avoid hand shake for now • Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking for now • Minimise touching your face with your hands. • Cover your nose and mouth with tissue when you sneeze. • Move away from people coughing and sneezing a lot. And away from crowded places. • Always wear protective face mask when outdoor. • People with any cancer, chronic lung diseases, diabetes, renal disease, cardiac diseases, liver diseases, HIV, blood disease, bowel diseases, bone diseases and any chronic debilitating conditions are highly susceptible to the infection. Please protect yourself. • Frail elderly people above 65yrs and any young person with co-morbidity are highly susceptible to the infection. Please protect yourself. • Maintain home temperature of between 20-30degree centigrade at home. This is just to reduce the survival time of the virus outside the body. • Regular cleaning of your home, floor and furniture with hot antiseptic solution is helpful. • Eat healthy, do moderate exercise and have good rest (not less than 8hrs a day) • Take a lot of vit-C juice/tablets and multivitamins+ mineral tabs to boost your immune system • Take hot tea-(use tea bag), three time a day may help. • Doing steam inhalation twice a day may help. • Main treatment is with interferon-alpha, doxycycline, rifampicin and azithromycin medications. Antiviral medication (triple-HIV meds) and steroid may help. If patient develop severe SOB, they need ventilator support. Using CPAP at the start of ventilation support with bronchodilators and steroid may help. • No vaccine for now, but if available in future may help to reduce the viral infection.