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Papers by Harvey E Jeffries

Environmental Research, 1978

Eight healthy male subjects were exposed to 784 μg/m 3 (0.4 ppm) of ozone for 4 hours in an envir... more Eight healthy male subjects were exposed to 784 μg/m 3 (0.4 ppm) of ozone for 4 hours in an environmentally controlled exposure chamber. Peripheral blood samples were taken before and after air and ozone exposures and again at 72 hours and 2 weeks. These blood ...

ABSTRACT The report describes the Quality Assurance and Data Processing procedures and systems us... more ABSTRACT The report describes the Quality Assurance and Data Processing procedures and systems used at the UNC Outdoor Smog Chamber Facility. The primary product of research conducted at this facility is information in the form of measurements of reactants and products in photochemical systems and measurements of the critical parameters that influence the chemical transformations system. Generating useful data begins with understanding the goals of the project and the special needs and concerns of conducting a successful smog-chamber operation. The system components are designed to collect, transfer, process, and report accurate, high-resolution data without loss or distortion. The system components in the Quality Assurance and Data Processing system are: people, hardware, software, checklists, and data bases. Quality-assurance checks are made at every level of the program. Pressurized gas-tank and liquid mixtures were used to establish experimental conditions of HC assuring consistency throughout the program. Several NBS traceable standards and liquid injections into the chamber used for calibration have been intercompared and show good agreement.

Because of potential exposure both in the workplace and from ambient air, the known carcinogen 1,... more Because of potential exposure both in the workplace and from ambient air, the known carcinogen 1,3-butadiene (BD) is considered a priority hazardous air pollutant. BD and its 2-methyl analog, isoprene (ISO), are chemically similar but have very different toxicities, with ISO showing no significant carcinogenesis. Once released into the atmosphere, reactions with species induced by sunlight and nitrogen oxides convert BD and ISO into several photochemical reaction products. In this study, we determined the relative toxicity and inflammatory gene expression induced by exposure of A549 cells to BD, ISO, and their photochemical degradation products in the presence of nitric oxide. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses indicate the initial and major photochemical products produced during these experiments for BD are acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde, and products for ISO are methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and formaldehyde; both formed < 200 ppb of ozone. After e...

ABSTRACT This experimental program compares the relative NO oxidation and O3 forming capabilities... more ABSTRACT This experimental program compares the relative NO oxidation and O3 forming capabilities of surrogate VOC mixtures that are representative of urban air, emissions from vehicles using methanol fuels, and emission from vehicles using industry-average gasoline and Fuel F, one of the reformulated fuels used in the Auto/Oil test program. The urban VOC mixture was based upon ambient air analyses conducted by EPA for 6-9 AM in 41 cities over the period 1984-1988. The automotive VOC mixtures were based upon exhaust, evaporative, and running loss measurements made in the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program and upon the application of EPA`s MOBILE4 emissions model applied in an Urban Airshed scenario in Dallas/Fort Worth in the year 2005. In addition to testing the relative reactivity of each VOC mixture against the other mixtures, the majority of the experiments used mixtures in which 50% of the carbon was from urban mix and 50% of the carbon was from industry-average gasoline vehicle emissions or 50% of the carbon was from the methanol-fueled vehicle emissions. Some experiments were also conducted with higher fractions of formaldehyde (HCHO) in either the urban mix or in the methanol mix. Another set of experiments compared just the alkane and alkene fractions while in another set, just the aromatic species reactivities were compared.

Analytical Chemistry, 1979

Introduction 2. A Metamodel of Science and Policy Making 2.1 The Scientific Process 2.2 The Polic... more Introduction 2. A Metamodel of Science and Policy Making 2.1 The Scientific Process 2.2 The Policy Making Process 2.3 The Modeling Process 3. Application to Air Quality 3.1 The Explain vs. Predict Dilemma 3.2 The Observe vs. Forecast Dilemma 3.3 The Model Verification Problem 4. The Lessons 4.1 Vindicate Model Use 4.2 Use of Process Analysis and Process Observations 4.3 It's the process, stupid! Acknowledgment References 2 Science and Policy Interaction 1. INTRODUCTION By now you have either read some of the chapters in this book or you probably have at least looked at the Table of Contents. You might have read that the solution to problems of air quality in the United States lies in "better models", or in "more measurements " or in "improved emissions" or even perhaps an improved "economy"--- common themes that ran through the conference. In this chapter, I wish to present a viewpoint somewhat different

New 8-hour regulations and guidelines for ozone from the Environmental Protection Agency pose cha... more New 8-hour regulations and guidelines for ozone from the Environmental Protection Agency pose challenges to model performance evaluators. This paper introduces improvements to the Python-based Performance Analysis Support System (PyPASS), which can assist in the evaluation process.

International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 1982

... Formation and Aerosol Potential R. M. KAMENS, MW GERY, H. E. JEFFRIES, M. JACKSON, and E. I. ... more ... Formation and Aerosol Potential R. M. KAMENS, MW GERY, H. E. JEFFRIES, M. JACKSON, and E. I. COLE Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA Abstract ...

... Elizabeth Christoph Barron Henderson Harshal Parikh Alejandro Valencia Department of Environm... more ... Elizabeth Christoph Barron Henderson Harshal Parikh Alejandro Valencia Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering School of Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400 919-966-5451 http://ftpozone.sph.unc.edu/ ...

The smog-chamber facility of the University of North Carolina (UNC) was used to provide experimen... more The smog-chamber facility of the University of North Carolina (UNC) was used to provide experimental data for the EPA and atmospheric model developers for testing and validating kinetic mechanisms of photochemical smog formation. In the study, 71 dual experiments were performed using NOx and various hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon mixtures. Experiments were also conducted to better understand and characterize (1) the chamber when operated dynamically to simulate continuous emissions and dilution, and (2) the solar radiation inside the smog chamber. The chamber experiments described in the report were added to the existing UNC data base for model testing, bringing the total number of dual experiments in the data base to 417. The data base is available on an ANSI-formatted magnetic tape.

New 8-hour regulations and guidelines for ozone from the Environmental Protection Agency pose cha... more New 8-hour regulations and guidelines for ozone from the Environmental Protection Agency pose challenges to model performance evaluators. This paper introduces improvements to the Python-based Performance Analysis Support System (PyPASS), which can assist in the evaluation process.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2010

Environmental Research, 1978

Eight healthy male subjects were exposed to 784 μg/m 3 (0.4 ppm) of ozone for 4 hours in an envir... more Eight healthy male subjects were exposed to 784 μg/m 3 (0.4 ppm) of ozone for 4 hours in an environmentally controlled exposure chamber. Peripheral blood samples were taken before and after air and ozone exposures and again at 72 hours and 2 weeks. These blood ...

ABSTRACT The report describes the Quality Assurance and Data Processing procedures and systems us... more ABSTRACT The report describes the Quality Assurance and Data Processing procedures and systems used at the UNC Outdoor Smog Chamber Facility. The primary product of research conducted at this facility is information in the form of measurements of reactants and products in photochemical systems and measurements of the critical parameters that influence the chemical transformations system. Generating useful data begins with understanding the goals of the project and the special needs and concerns of conducting a successful smog-chamber operation. The system components are designed to collect, transfer, process, and report accurate, high-resolution data without loss or distortion. The system components in the Quality Assurance and Data Processing system are: people, hardware, software, checklists, and data bases. Quality-assurance checks are made at every level of the program. Pressurized gas-tank and liquid mixtures were used to establish experimental conditions of HC assuring consistency throughout the program. Several NBS traceable standards and liquid injections into the chamber used for calibration have been intercompared and show good agreement.

Because of potential exposure both in the workplace and from ambient air, the known carcinogen 1,... more Because of potential exposure both in the workplace and from ambient air, the known carcinogen 1,3-butadiene (BD) is considered a priority hazardous air pollutant. BD and its 2-methyl analog, isoprene (ISO), are chemically similar but have very different toxicities, with ISO showing no significant carcinogenesis. Once released into the atmosphere, reactions with species induced by sunlight and nitrogen oxides convert BD and ISO into several photochemical reaction products. In this study, we determined the relative toxicity and inflammatory gene expression induced by exposure of A549 cells to BD, ISO, and their photochemical degradation products in the presence of nitric oxide. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses indicate the initial and major photochemical products produced during these experiments for BD are acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde, and products for ISO are methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and formaldehyde; both formed < 200 ppb of ozone. After e...

ABSTRACT This experimental program compares the relative NO oxidation and O3 forming capabilities... more ABSTRACT This experimental program compares the relative NO oxidation and O3 forming capabilities of surrogate VOC mixtures that are representative of urban air, emissions from vehicles using methanol fuels, and emission from vehicles using industry-average gasoline and Fuel F, one of the reformulated fuels used in the Auto/Oil test program. The urban VOC mixture was based upon ambient air analyses conducted by EPA for 6-9 AM in 41 cities over the period 1984-1988. The automotive VOC mixtures were based upon exhaust, evaporative, and running loss measurements made in the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program and upon the application of EPA`s MOBILE4 emissions model applied in an Urban Airshed scenario in Dallas/Fort Worth in the year 2005. In addition to testing the relative reactivity of each VOC mixture against the other mixtures, the majority of the experiments used mixtures in which 50% of the carbon was from urban mix and 50% of the carbon was from industry-average gasoline vehicle emissions or 50% of the carbon was from the methanol-fueled vehicle emissions. Some experiments were also conducted with higher fractions of formaldehyde (HCHO) in either the urban mix or in the methanol mix. Another set of experiments compared just the alkane and alkene fractions while in another set, just the aromatic species reactivities were compared.

Analytical Chemistry, 1979

Introduction 2. A Metamodel of Science and Policy Making 2.1 The Scientific Process 2.2 The Polic... more Introduction 2. A Metamodel of Science and Policy Making 2.1 The Scientific Process 2.2 The Policy Making Process 2.3 The Modeling Process 3. Application to Air Quality 3.1 The Explain vs. Predict Dilemma 3.2 The Observe vs. Forecast Dilemma 3.3 The Model Verification Problem 4. The Lessons 4.1 Vindicate Model Use 4.2 Use of Process Analysis and Process Observations 4.3 It's the process, stupid! Acknowledgment References 2 Science and Policy Interaction 1. INTRODUCTION By now you have either read some of the chapters in this book or you probably have at least looked at the Table of Contents. You might have read that the solution to problems of air quality in the United States lies in "better models", or in "more measurements " or in "improved emissions" or even perhaps an improved "economy"--- common themes that ran through the conference. In this chapter, I wish to present a viewpoint somewhat different

New 8-hour regulations and guidelines for ozone from the Environmental Protection Agency pose cha... more New 8-hour regulations and guidelines for ozone from the Environmental Protection Agency pose challenges to model performance evaluators. This paper introduces improvements to the Python-based Performance Analysis Support System (PyPASS), which can assist in the evaluation process.

International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 1982

... Formation and Aerosol Potential R. M. KAMENS, MW GERY, H. E. JEFFRIES, M. JACKSON, and E. I. ... more ... Formation and Aerosol Potential R. M. KAMENS, MW GERY, H. E. JEFFRIES, M. JACKSON, and E. I. COLE Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA Abstract ...

... Elizabeth Christoph Barron Henderson Harshal Parikh Alejandro Valencia Department of Environm... more ... Elizabeth Christoph Barron Henderson Harshal Parikh Alejandro Valencia Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering School of Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400 919-966-5451 http://ftpozone.sph.unc.edu/ ...

The smog-chamber facility of the University of North Carolina (UNC) was used to provide experimen... more The smog-chamber facility of the University of North Carolina (UNC) was used to provide experimental data for the EPA and atmospheric model developers for testing and validating kinetic mechanisms of photochemical smog formation. In the study, 71 dual experiments were performed using NOx and various hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon mixtures. Experiments were also conducted to better understand and characterize (1) the chamber when operated dynamically to simulate continuous emissions and dilution, and (2) the solar radiation inside the smog chamber. The chamber experiments described in the report were added to the existing UNC data base for model testing, bringing the total number of dual experiments in the data base to 417. The data base is available on an ANSI-formatted magnetic tape.

New 8-hour regulations and guidelines for ozone from the Environmental Protection Agency pose cha... more New 8-hour regulations and guidelines for ozone from the Environmental Protection Agency pose challenges to model performance evaluators. This paper introduces improvements to the Python-based Performance Analysis Support System (PyPASS), which can assist in the evaluation process.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2010