Jeroen Van Der Grond - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jeroen Van Der Grond

Stroke, 2002

Background and Purpose — We investigated whether patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) ha... more Background and Purpose — We investigated whether patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) have systemic low flow to the brain or an abnormal intracranial flow distribution caused by an abnormal anatomy of the circle of Willis. Furthermore, we investigated whether metabolic changes were present in the brain. Methods — Forty-four patients with clinically diagnosed TIA were prospectively included in our study. Clinical and neurological data were compiled. MR imaging; quantitative flow measurements of the internal carotid, middle cerebral, and basilar arteries; MR angiography of the circle of Willis; and 1 H-MR spectroscopy were performed in all patients within 3 days of onset of symptoms. Results — Compared with control subjects, TIA patients did not have altered flow volume in any of the arteries and had normal flow distribution through the circle of Willis. In TIA patients, the N -acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline ratio in noninfarcted regions was significantly decreased in the symp...

NeuroImage, 2012

Increased iron in subcortical structures in patients with Huntington's Disease (HD) has been sugg... more Increased iron in subcortical structures in patients with Huntington's Disease (HD) has been suggested as a causal factor of neuronal degeneration. The present study examines iron accumulation, measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in premanifest gene carriers and in early HD patients as compared to healthy controls. In total 27 early HD patients, 22 premanifest gene carriers and 25 healthy controls, from the Leiden site of the TRACK-HD study, underwent 3 T MRI including high resolution 3D T 1-and T 2-weighted and asymmetric spin echo (ASE) sequences. Magnetic Field Correlation (MFC) maps of iron levels were constructed to assess magnetic field inhomogeneities and compared between groups in the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens nucleus, and thalamus. Subsequently the relationship of MFC value to volumetric data and disease state was examined. Higher MFC values were found in the caudate nucleus (p b 0.05) and putamen (p b 0.005) of early HD compared to controls and premanifest gene carriers. No differences in MFC were found between premanifest gene carriers and controls. MFC in the caudate nucleus and putamen is a predictor of disease state in HD. No correlation was found between the MFC value and volume of these subcortical structures. We conclude that Huntington's disease patients in the early stages of the disease, but not premanifest gene carriers, have higher iron concentrations in the caudate nucleus and putamen. We have demonstrated that the iron content of these structures relates to disease state in gene carriers, independently of the measured volume of these structures.

Journal of Neurology, 2008

Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2002

Magnetic resonance techniques are required frequently for the assessment of the brain of ill neon... more Magnetic resonance techniques are required frequently for the assessment of the brain of ill neonates. In the present study, the effects of a 1.5 T MR scanner on devices for life support were assessed. A ventilator (Dräger Babylog 2000) was tested in the 1.5 T magnet, using a neonatal ventilation tester and 1.5-5 m tubes. In a special MR incubator, temperature and humidity were measured at 1-min intervals. Infusion was tested with the pump outside the magnet room: infusion rates and time to alarm were tested with 7-m tubes. The ventilator performed normally at a magnetic eld line of 2 mT, although the alarms failed. The incubator created a temperature of 35.9 8C and humidity of 40.7%, which was acceptable for examinations of 45 min. The alarm limits of the infusion pump placed outside the magnet at 7 m were within company limits. The study indicates that magnetic resonance examinations can be performed safely in ill preterm neonates who require life-support devices.

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2011

AIM Diffuse white matter injury is not well detected by cranial ultrasonography (CUS). The aim of... more AIM Diffuse white matter injury is not well detected by cranial ultrasonography (CUS). The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to assess in very preterm neonates the predictive values of individual CUS abnormalities for white matter injury on MRI and neurological outcome; (2) to develop a strategy optimizing CUS detection of white matter injury. METHOD Very preterm neonates (n=67; 44 males, 23 females) underwent serial CUS and single MRI. Predictive values of CUS findings for a white matter classification on MRI, individual MRI findings, and neurological outcome at 2 years corrected age were calculated. The effects of timing and frequency of CUS were evaluated. RESULTS Periventricular echodensities (PVEs) predicted abnormal white matter on MRI, but absence of PVEs did not predict absence of white matter changes. Peri-and intraventricular haemorrhage (P ⁄ IVH) was highly predictive of abnormal white matter on MRI. Frequency and timing of CUS did not influence predictive values. P ⁄ IVH and abnormal ventricular size ⁄ shape were reasonably predictive of unfavourable outcome, whereas absence of CUS abnormalities predicted a favorable outcome. INTERPRETATION (1) If PVEs are present, there is a significant chance of abnormal white matter on MRI. (2) Increasing frequency of CUS does not increase its diagnostic performance for white matter injury. (3) P ⁄ IVH is highly predictive of abnormal white matter on MRI and reasonably predictive of unfavourable outcome. (4) Absence of PVEs and P ⁄ IVH on CUS does not guarantee normal white matter, but predicts a favourable outcome.

Hepatology, 1995

The goal of this study was to analyze the possibilities of 31P MR spectroscopy to detect abnormal... more The goal of this study was to analyze the possibilities of 31P MR spectroscopy to detect abnormal hepatic histological changes in patients with diffuse liver disease. 31P MR spectroscopy was performed, on a 1.5 T whole-body spectrometer using an image guided localization technique (ISIS), on 38 patients with various diffuse liver diseases, who all underwent histological and serum analysis, and 22 healthy volunteers. Phosphornonoester expressed as a fraction of total phosphorus (PMEP) showed a correlation with abnormal serum aspartate transaminase (AST), histological intralobular degeneratiodfocal necrosis, portal inflammation, and piecemeal necrosis. We found a lower correlation for PME/P with fibrosis. It was not possible to differentiate between fibrosis and cirrhosis. In summary, 31P MR spectroscopy is a technique to detect intralobular degeneration, inflammation and necrosis and to a less extent fibrosis. No diagnostic value was found with respect to steatosis and cholangitis. Furthermore, 31P MR spectroscopy is a poor method for classifying patients into diagnostic categories. (HEPATOLOGY 1995;21:443-449.) 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been shown to be a useful method for studying metabolism in normal liver and in the liver with diffuse liver abnormalities.'.' ' However, relatively little is known about the potential of MRS for diagnosing patients with diffuse liver disease into clinical and histological categories. Because experimental conditions (field strength, repetition time, acquisition technique, and quantification routine used) are often different between studies and patient inclusion criteria are not the same or are described poorly, it is difficult to compare individual studies with each other.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006

Background: The brain plays a crucial role in the decision to eat, integrating multiple hormonal ... more Background: The brain plays a crucial role in the decision to eat, integrating multiple hormonal and neural signals. A key factor controlling food intake is selective satiety, ie, the phenomenon that the motivation to eat more of a food decreases more than does the motivation to eat foods not eaten. Objective: We investigated the effect of satiation with chocolate on the brain activation associated with chocolate taste in men and women. Design: Twelve men and 12 women participated. Subjects fasted overnight and were scanned by use of functional magnetic resonance imaging while tasting chocolate milk, before and after eating chocolate until they were satiated. Results: In men, chocolate satiation was associated with increased taste activation in the ventral striatum, insula, and orbitofrontal and medial orbitofrontal cortex and with decreased taste activation in somatosensory areas. Women showed increased taste activation in the precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and putamen and decreased taste activation in the hypothalamus and amygdala. Sex differences in the effect of chocolate satiation were found in the hypothalamus, ventral striatum, and medial prefrontal cortex (all P 0.005). Conclusions: Our results indicate that men and women differ in their response to satiation and suggest that the regulation of food intake by the brain may vary between the sexes. Therefore, sex differences are a covariate of interest in studies of the brain's responses to food.

Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2015

Background: The locus coeruleus (LC) is a brainstem nucleus that has widespread projections to mo... more Background: The locus coeruleus (LC) is a brainstem nucleus that has widespread projections to modulate states of attention. It has been shown that tau pathology is frequently seen in the LC in individual under 30 years of age, suggesting Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated tau pathology begins in the LC. The magnetic resonance (MR) T1-signal derived from neuromelanin (NM) is considered to be a surrogate maker for the neural density of the LC. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations of a cognitive function, years of school education, and MR signal of the LC. Methods:Subjects were 58 cognitively normal elderly subjects (69.4(60-79)y.o., MMSE mean(range): 28.8(25-30)) who underwent T1-wieghted high resolution MR imaging of the brain stem and 3D T1-weighted whole brain MR imaging. The brain stem image was coregistrated to the whole brain image and spatially normalized with DARTEL. The mean signal intensity of LC was calculated using regions of interest (ROI) that were placed on the hyperintensity derived from NM of the LC at-26.0 to-19.0 in Z coordinate in the MNI stereotactic space. The mean signal ratio (mSR) of the LC was calculated as mSR¼(SLC-SDS)/SDS, where SLC and SDS are the signal intensities of the LC and superior cerebellar peduncle decussation, respectively. Single and multiple regression analyses were done for digit span backward score, age, years of school education (Education), and mSR. Results: The mSR declined a mean of 0.289 unit per year in a single regression analysis (p¼0.028). Digit span backward score had a positive association with mSR (p¼0.028, R^2¼0.083) in a single regression. In a multiple regression analysis to predict the digit span backward score, statistically significant terms were mSR (p¼0.026) and mSR x Education (p¼0.003). Adding the interaction term improved the goodness of fit from F¼5.095 (p¼0.028) to F¼7.921 (p¼0.001). The single term of Education was not significant (p¼0.071). Conclusions: The results suggest NM in the LC shows age-related decline. Higher educational attainment supports working memory and attention control tasks like digit span backward mainly through the interaction with the LC.

AGE, 2015

Abbreviations AUC Area under the curve CMB Cerebral micro-bleeds FAST FMRIB's automated segmentat... more Abbreviations AUC Area under the curve CMB Cerebral micro-bleeds FAST FMRIB's automated segmentation tool FLAIR Fluid attenuated inversion recovery

Contributions to Nephrology

The American journal of medicine, 1989

To better understand the pathogenesis of focal and segmental glomerular hyalinosis and sclerosis ... more To better understand the pathogenesis of focal and segmental glomerular hyalinosis and sclerosis (FSGHS), a variety of animal models have been developed--mainly in rats--that allow a comprehensive study of all variables involved, such as hemodynamic, genetic, and metabolic factors. In this article, we briefly review the role of lipids in the pathogenesis of FSGHS and provide evidence that "atherosclerosis of the glomerular mesangium" contributes to the ultimate histopathologic lesion of FSGHS in susceptible rat strains. Observations in a FSGHS-resistant strain revealed several characteristic features that may protect these rats against chronic renal disease such as high nephron numbers, glomerular visceral epithelial cells with a remarkable resistance to toxic injury, minimal sequestration of serum proteins and cholesterol from the circulation into the mesangium, and a remarkable lipoprotein profile in normal as well as nephrotic states with a very low cholesterol content ...

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, 2012

High field magnetic resonance imaging is showing potential for imaging of neurodegenerative disea... more High field magnetic resonance imaging is showing potential for imaging of neurodegenerative diseases. 7 T MRI is beginning to be used in a clinical research setting and the theoretical benefits, i.e. higher signal-to-noise, sensitivity to iron, improved MRA and increased spectral resolution in spectroscopy are being confirmed. Despite the limited number of studies to date, initial results in patients with multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease show promising additional features in contrast that may assist in better diagnosis of these disorders.

Toxicological Sciences, 2009

Atrazine (ATR) has recently been shown to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis ... more Atrazine (ATR) has recently been shown to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in rodents. The current study investigated the effect of ATR and two of its chlorinated metabolites, desisopropylatrazine (DIA) and diaminos-chlorotriazine (DACT), on the HPA axis in the Long-Evans female rat. A single oral gavage administration of 75 mg/kg ATR or 60.2 mg/kg DIA (a dose equimolar to the applied ATR dose) during the morning of proestrus resulted in significant, acute increases in circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, and progesterone. Oral doses of ATR or DIA were given daily over the course of the 4-day ovarian cycle starting on the day of vaginal estrus, resulted in a similar, dose-responsive activation of the HPA axis. The increase in ACTH, corticosterone, and progesterone by these compounds was of a similar magnitude to that produced by 5-min restraint stress. Single or multiple oral exposures to DACT, on the other hand, did not significantly alter pituitary-adrenal hormone release. These results were observed despite plasma levels of DACT being higher than any other metabolite at the time of hormone measurement. Overall, circulating metabolite concentrations following equimolar dosing were much higher than those observed after ATR administration. Additional studies indicated that the activation of the HPA axis by oral exposure to ATR and DIA was not due simply to the stimulation of gastrointestinal afferents. Similar responses were observed in rats which received an oral dose of ATR following bilateral subdiaphramatic vagotomy and following intravenous administration of DIA in jugular vein catheterized animals. We conclude that ATR and the metabolite DIA significantly activate the HPA axis following oral exposure in the female rat. Activation of this endocrine axis by these chlorotriazines could contribute to the induced changes of female reproductive function reported previously.

Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2006

Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2014

Pediatric Research, 2008

A fully automated method has been developed for segmentation of four different structures in the ... more A fully automated method has been developed for segmentation of four different structures in the neonatal brain: white matter (WM), central gray matter (CEGM), cortical gray matter (COGM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The segmentation algorithm is based on information from T2-weighted (T2-w) and inversion recovery (IR) scans. The method uses a K nearest neighbor (KNN) classification technique with features derived from spatial information and voxel intensities. Probabilistic segmentations of each tissue type were generated. By applying thresholds on these probability maps, binary segmentations were obtained. These final segmentations were evaluated by comparison with a gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, and Dice similarity index (SI) were calculated for quantitative validation of the results. High sensitivity and specificity with respect to the gold standard were reached: sensitivity Ͼ0.82 and specificity Ͼ0.9 for all tissue types. Tissue volumes were calculated from the binary and probabilistic segmentations. The probabilistic segmentation volumes of all tissue types accurately estimated the gold standard volumes. The KNN approach offers valuable ways for neonatal brain segmentation. The probabilistic outcomes provide a useful tool for accurate volume measurements. The described method is based on routine diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and is suitable for large population studies.

Kidney International, 1994

Pre-transpiantation assessment of renal viability with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As ac... more Pre-transpiantation assessment of renal viability with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is still an important cause for postoperative malfunction of renal grafts, it would be useful to have a method predicting such a complication. We investigated the possibility to predict ATh by measuring the ratio of phosphomonoesters (PME, largely consisting of adenosine monophosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the renal tissue, using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) during the cold ischemia period. Assuming that this ratio reflects the tissue high-energy phosphate status, we studied five kidneys from living related donors (LRD), 28 kidneys from heart beating donors (HBD) and nine kidneys from non-heart beating donors (non-HBD). All kidneys were preserved with a phosphate free solution. We found an inverse relation between the time of 31P MRS and the PME/Pi ratio, suggesting a graded decay of tissue high energy phosphates during cold ischemia. The PME/Pi ratio was highest in grafts from LRD (2.65 0.50, no ATN), intermediate in grafts from HBD (1.65 0.41, 21% ATN) and lowest in those derived from non-HBD (1.05 0.47, 56% ATN). The differences in PME/Pi ratio between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Moreover, the ratio was significantly lower in grafts developing ATN (1.73 0.41 vs. 1.35 0.29 in the HBD group, 1.41 0.24 vs. 0.76 0.36 in the non-HBD group, P < 0.05). These observations point to a general relation between the pre-transplant kidney PME/Pi ratio and the development of ATN. However, the predictive value of a low PME/Pi ratio was too low (36%) to reliably predict development of ATN in individual cases. Extrapolation of the PME/Pi ratio to the time of nephrectomy increased the predictive value to 67%. In about 30% of all renal transplantations the graft shows a delayed function, whereas in about 5% the transplant never starts functioning at all [1]. When organs of donors who have been in shock or have experienced a cardiac arrest are used, the incidence of primary malfunction due to acute tubular necrosis (ATN) increases. In kidneys derived from non-heart beating donors, the percentage of delayed function is about 75%, while 12.5% will never function [2]. Apart from the condition of the donor, factors such as the procedure of the explantation and preservation, the type of preservation fluid, the duration of cold and warm ischemia, and the condition of the recipient may determine the postoperative function of the graft. A non-invasive method to predict A1'N before transplantation could be helpful in the management of the patient after implantation.

Diabetes, 2006

The structural correlates of impaired cognition in type 2 diabetes are unclear. The present study... more The structural correlates of impaired cognition in type 2 diabetes are unclear. The present study compared cognition and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between type 2 diabetic patients and nondiabetic control subjects and assessed the relationship between cognition and MRI findings and blood pressure and metabolic control. The study included 113 patients and 51 control subjects. Brain MRI scans were rated for white matter lesions (WMLs), cortical and subcortical atrophy, and infarcts. Neuropsychological test scores were divided into five cognitive domains and expressed as standardized Z values. Type 2 diabetes was associated with deep WMLs (P = 0.02), cortical (P < 0.001) and subcortical (P < 0.05) atrophy, (silent) infarcts (P = 0.06), and impaired cognitive performance (attention and executive function, information-processing speed, and memory, all P < 0.05). Adjustment for hypertension did not affect the results. Within the type 2 diabetic group, cognitive functi...

Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2003

Aging Cell, 2012

Atrophy is one of the major age-related changes in the brain. The absence of brain atrophy in eld... more Atrophy is one of the major age-related changes in the brain. The absence of brain atrophy in elderly individuals reflects deceleration in the process of biological aging. Moreover, results from human twin studies suggest a large genetic influence on the variance of human brain tissue volumes. To investigate the association of brain volumes with exceptional longevity, we tested whether middle-aged to elderly offspring of nonagenarian siblings have larger brain volumes than their spouses using magnetic resonance imaging. No differences in whole brain, gray matter and white matter volume were found. These brain volumes were associated with chronological age in offspring and control subjects (all P < 0.001). Left amygdalar volume of the offspring was larger (P = 0.03) compared with control subjects [mean volume offspring (cm 3) (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.39 (1.36-1.42), mean volume control subjects (cm 3) (95% CI) = 1.32 (1.29-1.35)]. Association of left amygdalar volume with familial longevity was particularly pronounced when offspring with the oldest longlived parent were compared with control subjects (P = 0.01). Amygdalar volumes were not associated with chronological age in both groups. Our findings suggest that the observed association of a larger left amygdalar volume with familial longevity is not caused by a relative preservation of the left amygdala during the course of aging but most likely a result of early development caused by a genetic familial trait.