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Research paper thumbnail of The unfolded protein response components IRE1α and XBP1 promote human coronavirus infection

mBio

The cellular processes that support human coronavirus replication and contribute to the pathogene... more The cellular processes that support human coronavirus replication and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe disease remain incompletely understood. Many viruses, including coronaviruses, cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during infection. IRE1α is a component of the cellular response to ER stress that initiates non-conventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA. Spliced XBP1 encodes a transcription factor that induces the expression of ER-related targets. Activation of the IRE1α–XBP1 pathway occurs in association with risk factors for severe human coronavirus infection. In this study, we found that the human coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 (human coronavirus OC43) and SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) both robustly activate the IRE1α–XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response in cultured cells. Using IRE1α nuclease inhibitors and genetic knockdown of IRE1α and XBP1, we found that these host factors are required for optimal replication of both viruses. Our data sugg...

Research paper thumbnail of Modulation of in Vitro SARS-CoV2 Infection by Stephania tetrandra and Its Alkaloid Constituents

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibition of Arenaviruses by Combinations of Orally Available Approved Drugs

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2021

Neglected diseases caused by arenaviruses such as Lassa virus (LASV) and filoviruses like Ebola v... more Neglected diseases caused by arenaviruses such as Lassa virus (LASV) and filoviruses like Ebola virus (EBOV) primarily afflict resource-limited countries, where antiviral drug development is often minimal. Previous studies have shown that many approved drugs developed for other clinical indications inhibit EBOV and LASV and that combinations of these drugs provide synergistic suppression of EBOV, often by blocking discrete steps in virus entry.

Research paper thumbnail of Erratum for Herring et al., “Inhibition of Arenaviruses by Combinations of Orally Available Approved Drugs”

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2021

Table 1: several rows in panels C and D were mislabeled with the wrong drug names, and two values... more Table 1: several rows in panels C and D were mislabeled with the wrong drug names, and two values in the "Obs" column of panel C were incorrect. The correct table is shown below.

Research paper thumbnail of The unfolded protein response components IRE1α and XBP1 promote human coronavirus infection

mBio

The cellular processes that support human coronavirus replication and contribute to the pathogene... more The cellular processes that support human coronavirus replication and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe disease remain incompletely understood. Many viruses, including coronaviruses, cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during infection. IRE1α is a component of the cellular response to ER stress that initiates non-conventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA. Spliced XBP1 encodes a transcription factor that induces the expression of ER-related targets. Activation of the IRE1α–XBP1 pathway occurs in association with risk factors for severe human coronavirus infection. In this study, we found that the human coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 (human coronavirus OC43) and SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) both robustly activate the IRE1α–XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response in cultured cells. Using IRE1α nuclease inhibitors and genetic knockdown of IRE1α and XBP1, we found that these host factors are required for optimal replication of both viruses. Our data sugg...

Research paper thumbnail of Modulation of in Vitro SARS-CoV2 Infection by Stephania tetrandra and Its Alkaloid Constituents

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibition of Arenaviruses by Combinations of Orally Available Approved Drugs

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2021

Neglected diseases caused by arenaviruses such as Lassa virus (LASV) and filoviruses like Ebola v... more Neglected diseases caused by arenaviruses such as Lassa virus (LASV) and filoviruses like Ebola virus (EBOV) primarily afflict resource-limited countries, where antiviral drug development is often minimal. Previous studies have shown that many approved drugs developed for other clinical indications inhibit EBOV and LASV and that combinations of these drugs provide synergistic suppression of EBOV, often by blocking discrete steps in virus entry.

Research paper thumbnail of Erratum for Herring et al., “Inhibition of Arenaviruses by Combinations of Orally Available Approved Drugs”

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2021

Table 1: several rows in panels C and D were mislabeled with the wrong drug names, and two values... more Table 1: several rows in panels C and D were mislabeled with the wrong drug names, and two values in the "Obs" column of panel C were incorrect. The correct table is shown below.

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