Jibo He - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jibo He

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, 2016

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 2016

The Ruthven Impairment Assessment (RIA) is introduced as a new neurocognitive test for the evalua... more The Ruthven Impairment Assessment (RIA) is introduced as a new neurocognitive test for the evaluation of complex attentional, reasoning, and working-memory abilities. It contains 5 subtests and is administered by computer within 15 min. The subtests include measures of simple and complex attention, working memory, sequential reasoning, and problem-solving abilities. A clock is presented on the computer screen and the participant is instructed to use the space bar or a mouse to respond to the test items. Scores include reaction time and accuracy measures. The present study evaluates the stability of the RIA in healthy, normal individuals by repeating the procedure 3 times and comparing performance with analyses of variance (ANOVAs). The ANOVA results with 1 exception were nonsignificant, indicating that the RIA scores are stable in normal individuals and do not fluctuate significantly across testing.

Proceedings 2nd European Workshop on Usable Security, 2017

Smart phones and wearable devices have replaced personal computers and desktops as the primary pl... more Smart phones and wearable devices have replaced personal computers and desktops as the primary platform for accessing online applications and services. However, these mobile devices bring forth new and additional forms of security and privacy risks, which were non-existent in traditional personal computers. For instance, several recent research efforts have shown that motion sensors such as accelerometer and gyroscope on-board these mobile and wearable devices can be maliciously used to infer private information from users' keystrokes (e.g., PINs and passwords). The problem is that, unlike traditional security and privacy risks that are typically associated with personal computers, most users may not be aware of these novel risks associated with mobile devices. An adversary may use this lack of user-awareness to target specific user-demographics for successfully carrying out such attacks. There has been some progress in the direction of protection mechanisms against such attacks, however, without user-awareness these protection mechanisms are unlikely to be used effectively (if at all). In order to further understand these issues, we conduct a structured and comprehensive user-study involving users from diverse demographic backgrounds to investigate userawareness and perceptions related to mobile motion sensor based privacy risks, and how these vary across different demographics. By means of our study, we also gain insight on users' expectations from defense mechanisms that can protect against such attacks. Results of our study can be used to increase awareness (about such risks) among the less-aware user demographies, and in designing effective and usable protection mechanisms as per user-expectations. Permission to freely reproduce all or part of this paper for noncommercial purposes is granted provided that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Reproduction for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited without the prior written consent of the Internet Society, the first-named author (for reproduction of an entire paper only), and the author's employer if the paper was prepared within the scope of employment.

Proceedings of the 7th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design : driving assessment 2013, 2013

Rear-end collisions are the most common traffic accidents. Technologies, such as collision warnin... more Rear-end collisions are the most common traffic accidents. Technologies, such as collision warning systems, are developed to reduce the risks of rear-end collisions. This study presents a mobile technology using smartphones to detect the leading vehicle, allowing the possibility to make collision warning systems more affordable and portable. This technology uses the rear camera of an Android smartphone to capture images of driving scenes, and then uses advanced computer vision algorithms to detect and track the leading vehicle. This study may have important applications to improve driving safety.

IEEE Access, 2020

Effective warnings of potential collision risks are important countermeasures for drowsy and dist... more Effective warnings of potential collision risks are important countermeasures for drowsy and distracted driving. This study explores the possibility of using smart wearable devices to provide vibrotactile warnings. We assessed the effectiveness of a vibrating wearable device as a warning system. Participants performed a classic car-following task in a driving simulator under four conditions: no warning, warnings at the finger, wrist, temple area. When the lead vehicle braked intermittently, warnings would be delivered to the same vibrating device, which was placed at the finger, wrist, or temple area. Results showed that warnings at the finger and the wrist produced shorter brake response time than the no warning condition. Warnings at the temple area did not produce significant benefits in brake response time over the no warning condition. Participants preferred warnings at the finger and the wrist than the temple area. Quicker brake response time for warnings at the finger and wrist area may be explained by the relative sizes of cortex area in the brain which corresponds to the sensory organs, as visualized by the classic Penfield Homunculus. The current study of wearable tactile warnings can inform future designs of warning systems for drivers. INDEX TERMS Wearable devices, collision warning system, tactile warnings, car following task, driving simulator.

Proceedings of the 8th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design: driving assessment 2015, 2015

Using a phone while driving leads to distraction and impaired driving performance. When reading t... more Using a phone while driving leads to distraction and impaired driving performance. When reading text on a phone, the act of looking away from the road could cause driving impairment. Wearable displays like Google Glass might reduce the visual impairment caused by looking away, even if they do not overcome other factors contributing to impaired driving. However, such devices could also increase impairment by giving drivers the mistaken impression that they can pay attention to both the display and the road simultaneously or impair visual processing by superimposing visual information in the driving scenes. We compared driving performance in a simulated naturalistic driving task while drivers read text on Google Glass or on a smartphone. As expected, reading on Google Glass and the smartphone both impaired driving performance by increasing lane variations, but drivers using Google Glass showed less lane variation compared to smartphone users. To the extent that these metrics reflect better driving performance, Google Glass might somewhat reduce the costs of reading text while driving.

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2018

Smartwatches enable many novel applications and are fast gaining popularity. However, the presenc... more Smartwatches enable many novel applications and are fast gaining popularity. However, the presence of a diverse set of on-board sensors provides an additional attack surface to malicious software and services on these devices. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of key press inference attacks on handheld numeric touchpads by using smartwatch motion sensors as a side-channel. We consider different typing scenarios, and propose multiple attack approaches to exploit the characteristics of the observed wrist movements for inferring individual key presses. Experimental evaluation using commercial off-the-shelf smartwatches and smartphones show that key press inference using smartwatch motion sensors is not only fairly accurate, but also comparable with similar attacks using smartphone motion sensors. Additionally, hand movements captured by a combination of both smartwatch and smartphone motion sensors yields better inference accuracy than either device considered individually.

Applied ergonomics, 2018

Head-up and wearable displays, such as Google Glass™, are sometimes marketed as safe in-vehicle a... more Head-up and wearable displays, such as Google Glass™, are sometimes marketed as safe in-vehicle alternatives to phone-based displays, as they allow drivers to receive messages without eye-off-the-road glances. However, head-up displays can still compromise driver performance (e.g., He et al., 2015b), as the distracting effect of interacting with any device will depend on the user's multitasking strategies. The present experiment examined drivers' interaction with a head-down smartphone display and a wearable head-up display. Participants performed a simulated driving task while receiving and responding to text messages via smartphone or the head-mounted display (HMD) on the Google Glass™. Incoming messages were signaled by an auditory alert, and responses were made vocally. When using Google Glass, participants' responses were quicker than that of smartphone, and the time to engage in a task did not vary according to lane-keeping difficulty. Results suggest that a willin...

Journal of Ergonomics, 2013

Driver fatigue is the major cause of traffic crashes and financial losses. This paper presents an... more Driver fatigue is the major cause of traffic crashes and financial losses. This paper presents an advanced computer vision and mobile technology using smartphones to monitor visual indicators of driver fatigue, allowing the possibility of making fatigue detection systems more affordable and portable. This technology uses the front camera of a smartphone to capture images of drivers, and then uses advanced computer vision algorithms to detect and track the face and eye of the drivers. Head nod, head rotation and eye blinks are then detected as indicators of driver fatigue. A simulated driving study showed that drowsy drivers differed significantly in the frequency of head nod, head rotation and eye blinks, compared to when they were attentive. The smartphone-based fatigue detection technology may have important applications in reducing drowsiness-related traffic accidents and improving driving safety.

Proceedings of the 11th ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2016

Wearable devices, such as smartwatches, are furnished with state-of-the-art sensors that enable a... more Wearable devices, such as smartwatches, are furnished with state-of-the-art sensors that enable a range of context-aware applications. However, malicious applications can misuse these sensors, if access is left unaudited. In this paper, we demonstrate how applications that have access to motion or inertial sensor data on a modern smartwatch can recover text typed on an external QWERTY keyboard. Due to the distinct nature of the perceptible motion sensor data, earlier research efforts on emanation based keystroke inference attacks are not readily applicable in this scenario. The proposed novel attack framework characterizes wrist movements (captured by the inertial sensors of the smartwatch worn on the wrist) observed during typing, based on the relative physical position of keys and the direction of transition between pairs of keys. Eavesdropped keystroke characteristics are then matched to candidate words in a dictionary. Multiple evaluations show that our keystroke inference framework has an alarmingly high classification accuracy and word recovery rate. With the information recovered from the wrist movements perceptible by a smartwatch, we exemplify the risks associated with unaudited access to seemingly innocuous sensors (e.g., accelerometers and gyroscopes) of wearable devices. As part of our efforts towards preventing such side-channel attacks, we also develop and evaluate a novel context-aware protection framework which can be used to automatically disable (or downgrade) access to motion sensors, whenever typing activity is detected. CCS Concepts •Security and privacy → Privacy-preserving protocols; Side-channel analysis and countermeasures; •Humancentered computing → Ubiquitous and mobile computing;

Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers - ISWC '15, 2015

Journal of Ergonomics, 2013

Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2015

The use of smartwatches is increasing exponentially as is consumer interest. Currently, smartwatc... more The use of smartwatches is increasing exponentially as is consumer interest. Currently, smartwatches offer the ability to read text messages, notifications, and email once they are synchronized with a smartphone. Text input, however, is limited to voice or predefined response phrases and no input keyboard is typically provided. A general consensus is that the interface of a smartwatch may be too small to implement a QWERTY keyboard. This study examined user performance and acceptance with two commercially available QWERTY keyboards, Swype and Fleksy, on a smartwatch. Contrary to the suspicion about the small screen of a smartwatch for text input, results indicate users can type accurately at speeds averaging 20-30 words per minute after brief practice, which is comparable to the typing speed of novice smartphone users.

PloS one, 2015

Studies have shown that people are better at recognizing human faces from their own-race than fro... more Studies have shown that people are better at recognizing human faces from their own-race than from other-races, an effect often termed the Own-Race Advantage. The current study investigates whether there is an Own-Race Advantage in attention and its neural correlates. Participants were asked to search for a human face among animal faces. Experiment 1 showed a classic Own-Race Advantage in response time both for Chinese and Black South African participants. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), Experiment 2 showed a similar Own-Race Advantage in response time for both upright faces and inverted faces. Moreover, the latency of N2pc for own-race faces was earlier than that for other-race faces. These results suggested that own-race faces capture attention more efficiently than other-race faces.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009

We studied the dynamic effects of information needs and social influence of tags in an explorator... more We studied the dynamic effects of information needs and social influence of tags in an exploratory search task. Although initially differences in information needs led to diversity in tag choices, this diversity disappeared as participants collaboratively tagged the same set of resources. Our findings are in general consistent with the notion that people conform to the collective interpretation of contents in an information system. In addition, our results showed that conformity does not only arise out of imitation of behavior, but also from the same underlying semantic interpretation or knowledge structures of users as they engage in informal collaboration through the social tagging system. Implications for design of social information system are discussed.

Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships, 2011

A dual task of attachment priming and memory recognition was proposed to explore the effect of ad... more A dual task of attachment priming and memory recognition was proposed to explore the effect of adult attachment styles on the incidental memory for emotional words. Subjects completed an attachment priming task which intends to activate internal working model of attachment by describing attachment-related scenes, and then an incidental memory recognition test of words which differ in emotional meaning and relevance of attachment styles. Signal detection theory was used to compare the discriminability index and decision criterion of emotional words in subjects of different attachment style. Results showed that subjects with secure attachment styles performed better than insecure-attached subjects in the memory recognition test, in terms of higher hit rate, lower false alarm rate, and higher discriminability index. We extended the influence of attachment styles on cognition to lower level of incidental memory, not just on higher cognitive level with emotional arousal as suggested by previous research.

Journal of Ergonomics, 2013

Texting while driving is a prevalent risky behavior among drivers that causes thousands of fatali... more Texting while driving is a prevalent risky behavior among drivers that causes thousands of fatalities each year. Compared to the attention cell phone conversations while driving is given, texting while driving is still not thoroughly investigated. This article reviews the risks of texting while driving, mutual interference of texting and driving performance and future research questions. More research focusing on texting while driving and technology solutions to reduce its risks is needed.

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2007

Current web image search engines still rely on user typing textual description: query word(s) for... more Current web image search engines still rely on user typing textual description: query word(s) for visual targets. As the queries are often short, general or even ambiguous, the images in resulting pages vary in content and style. Thus, browsing with these results is likely to be tedious, frustrating and unpredictable. IGroup, a proposed image search engine addresses these problems by presenting the result in semantic clusters. The original result set was clustered in semantic groups with a cluster name relevant to user typed queries. Instead of looking through the result pages or modifying queries, IGroup users can refine findings to the interested sub-result sets with a navigational panel, where each cluster (sub-result set) was listed with a cluster name and representative thumbnails of the cluster. We compared IGroup with a general web image search engine: MSN, in term of efficiency, coverage, and satisfaction with a substantial user study. Our tool shows significant improvement in such criteria.

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, 2016

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 2016

The Ruthven Impairment Assessment (RIA) is introduced as a new neurocognitive test for the evalua... more The Ruthven Impairment Assessment (RIA) is introduced as a new neurocognitive test for the evaluation of complex attentional, reasoning, and working-memory abilities. It contains 5 subtests and is administered by computer within 15 min. The subtests include measures of simple and complex attention, working memory, sequential reasoning, and problem-solving abilities. A clock is presented on the computer screen and the participant is instructed to use the space bar or a mouse to respond to the test items. Scores include reaction time and accuracy measures. The present study evaluates the stability of the RIA in healthy, normal individuals by repeating the procedure 3 times and comparing performance with analyses of variance (ANOVAs). The ANOVA results with 1 exception were nonsignificant, indicating that the RIA scores are stable in normal individuals and do not fluctuate significantly across testing.

Proceedings 2nd European Workshop on Usable Security, 2017

Smart phones and wearable devices have replaced personal computers and desktops as the primary pl... more Smart phones and wearable devices have replaced personal computers and desktops as the primary platform for accessing online applications and services. However, these mobile devices bring forth new and additional forms of security and privacy risks, which were non-existent in traditional personal computers. For instance, several recent research efforts have shown that motion sensors such as accelerometer and gyroscope on-board these mobile and wearable devices can be maliciously used to infer private information from users' keystrokes (e.g., PINs and passwords). The problem is that, unlike traditional security and privacy risks that are typically associated with personal computers, most users may not be aware of these novel risks associated with mobile devices. An adversary may use this lack of user-awareness to target specific user-demographics for successfully carrying out such attacks. There has been some progress in the direction of protection mechanisms against such attacks, however, without user-awareness these protection mechanisms are unlikely to be used effectively (if at all). In order to further understand these issues, we conduct a structured and comprehensive user-study involving users from diverse demographic backgrounds to investigate userawareness and perceptions related to mobile motion sensor based privacy risks, and how these vary across different demographics. By means of our study, we also gain insight on users' expectations from defense mechanisms that can protect against such attacks. Results of our study can be used to increase awareness (about such risks) among the less-aware user demographies, and in designing effective and usable protection mechanisms as per user-expectations. Permission to freely reproduce all or part of this paper for noncommercial purposes is granted provided that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Reproduction for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited without the prior written consent of the Internet Society, the first-named author (for reproduction of an entire paper only), and the author's employer if the paper was prepared within the scope of employment.

Proceedings of the 7th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design : driving assessment 2013, 2013

Rear-end collisions are the most common traffic accidents. Technologies, such as collision warnin... more Rear-end collisions are the most common traffic accidents. Technologies, such as collision warning systems, are developed to reduce the risks of rear-end collisions. This study presents a mobile technology using smartphones to detect the leading vehicle, allowing the possibility to make collision warning systems more affordable and portable. This technology uses the rear camera of an Android smartphone to capture images of driving scenes, and then uses advanced computer vision algorithms to detect and track the leading vehicle. This study may have important applications to improve driving safety.

IEEE Access, 2020

Effective warnings of potential collision risks are important countermeasures for drowsy and dist... more Effective warnings of potential collision risks are important countermeasures for drowsy and distracted driving. This study explores the possibility of using smart wearable devices to provide vibrotactile warnings. We assessed the effectiveness of a vibrating wearable device as a warning system. Participants performed a classic car-following task in a driving simulator under four conditions: no warning, warnings at the finger, wrist, temple area. When the lead vehicle braked intermittently, warnings would be delivered to the same vibrating device, which was placed at the finger, wrist, or temple area. Results showed that warnings at the finger and the wrist produced shorter brake response time than the no warning condition. Warnings at the temple area did not produce significant benefits in brake response time over the no warning condition. Participants preferred warnings at the finger and the wrist than the temple area. Quicker brake response time for warnings at the finger and wrist area may be explained by the relative sizes of cortex area in the brain which corresponds to the sensory organs, as visualized by the classic Penfield Homunculus. The current study of wearable tactile warnings can inform future designs of warning systems for drivers. INDEX TERMS Wearable devices, collision warning system, tactile warnings, car following task, driving simulator.

Proceedings of the 8th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design: driving assessment 2015, 2015

Using a phone while driving leads to distraction and impaired driving performance. When reading t... more Using a phone while driving leads to distraction and impaired driving performance. When reading text on a phone, the act of looking away from the road could cause driving impairment. Wearable displays like Google Glass might reduce the visual impairment caused by looking away, even if they do not overcome other factors contributing to impaired driving. However, such devices could also increase impairment by giving drivers the mistaken impression that they can pay attention to both the display and the road simultaneously or impair visual processing by superimposing visual information in the driving scenes. We compared driving performance in a simulated naturalistic driving task while drivers read text on Google Glass or on a smartphone. As expected, reading on Google Glass and the smartphone both impaired driving performance by increasing lane variations, but drivers using Google Glass showed less lane variation compared to smartphone users. To the extent that these metrics reflect better driving performance, Google Glass might somewhat reduce the costs of reading text while driving.

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2018

Smartwatches enable many novel applications and are fast gaining popularity. However, the presenc... more Smartwatches enable many novel applications and are fast gaining popularity. However, the presence of a diverse set of on-board sensors provides an additional attack surface to malicious software and services on these devices. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of key press inference attacks on handheld numeric touchpads by using smartwatch motion sensors as a side-channel. We consider different typing scenarios, and propose multiple attack approaches to exploit the characteristics of the observed wrist movements for inferring individual key presses. Experimental evaluation using commercial off-the-shelf smartwatches and smartphones show that key press inference using smartwatch motion sensors is not only fairly accurate, but also comparable with similar attacks using smartphone motion sensors. Additionally, hand movements captured by a combination of both smartwatch and smartphone motion sensors yields better inference accuracy than either device considered individually.

Applied ergonomics, 2018

Head-up and wearable displays, such as Google Glass™, are sometimes marketed as safe in-vehicle a... more Head-up and wearable displays, such as Google Glass™, are sometimes marketed as safe in-vehicle alternatives to phone-based displays, as they allow drivers to receive messages without eye-off-the-road glances. However, head-up displays can still compromise driver performance (e.g., He et al., 2015b), as the distracting effect of interacting with any device will depend on the user's multitasking strategies. The present experiment examined drivers' interaction with a head-down smartphone display and a wearable head-up display. Participants performed a simulated driving task while receiving and responding to text messages via smartphone or the head-mounted display (HMD) on the Google Glass™. Incoming messages were signaled by an auditory alert, and responses were made vocally. When using Google Glass, participants' responses were quicker than that of smartphone, and the time to engage in a task did not vary according to lane-keeping difficulty. Results suggest that a willin...

Journal of Ergonomics, 2013

Driver fatigue is the major cause of traffic crashes and financial losses. This paper presents an... more Driver fatigue is the major cause of traffic crashes and financial losses. This paper presents an advanced computer vision and mobile technology using smartphones to monitor visual indicators of driver fatigue, allowing the possibility of making fatigue detection systems more affordable and portable. This technology uses the front camera of a smartphone to capture images of drivers, and then uses advanced computer vision algorithms to detect and track the face and eye of the drivers. Head nod, head rotation and eye blinks are then detected as indicators of driver fatigue. A simulated driving study showed that drowsy drivers differed significantly in the frequency of head nod, head rotation and eye blinks, compared to when they were attentive. The smartphone-based fatigue detection technology may have important applications in reducing drowsiness-related traffic accidents and improving driving safety.

Proceedings of the 11th ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2016

Wearable devices, such as smartwatches, are furnished with state-of-the-art sensors that enable a... more Wearable devices, such as smartwatches, are furnished with state-of-the-art sensors that enable a range of context-aware applications. However, malicious applications can misuse these sensors, if access is left unaudited. In this paper, we demonstrate how applications that have access to motion or inertial sensor data on a modern smartwatch can recover text typed on an external QWERTY keyboard. Due to the distinct nature of the perceptible motion sensor data, earlier research efforts on emanation based keystroke inference attacks are not readily applicable in this scenario. The proposed novel attack framework characterizes wrist movements (captured by the inertial sensors of the smartwatch worn on the wrist) observed during typing, based on the relative physical position of keys and the direction of transition between pairs of keys. Eavesdropped keystroke characteristics are then matched to candidate words in a dictionary. Multiple evaluations show that our keystroke inference framework has an alarmingly high classification accuracy and word recovery rate. With the information recovered from the wrist movements perceptible by a smartwatch, we exemplify the risks associated with unaudited access to seemingly innocuous sensors (e.g., accelerometers and gyroscopes) of wearable devices. As part of our efforts towards preventing such side-channel attacks, we also develop and evaluate a novel context-aware protection framework which can be used to automatically disable (or downgrade) access to motion sensors, whenever typing activity is detected. CCS Concepts •Security and privacy → Privacy-preserving protocols; Side-channel analysis and countermeasures; •Humancentered computing → Ubiquitous and mobile computing;

Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers - ISWC '15, 2015

Journal of Ergonomics, 2013

Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2015

The use of smartwatches is increasing exponentially as is consumer interest. Currently, smartwatc... more The use of smartwatches is increasing exponentially as is consumer interest. Currently, smartwatches offer the ability to read text messages, notifications, and email once they are synchronized with a smartphone. Text input, however, is limited to voice or predefined response phrases and no input keyboard is typically provided. A general consensus is that the interface of a smartwatch may be too small to implement a QWERTY keyboard. This study examined user performance and acceptance with two commercially available QWERTY keyboards, Swype and Fleksy, on a smartwatch. Contrary to the suspicion about the small screen of a smartwatch for text input, results indicate users can type accurately at speeds averaging 20-30 words per minute after brief practice, which is comparable to the typing speed of novice smartphone users.

PloS one, 2015

Studies have shown that people are better at recognizing human faces from their own-race than fro... more Studies have shown that people are better at recognizing human faces from their own-race than from other-races, an effect often termed the Own-Race Advantage. The current study investigates whether there is an Own-Race Advantage in attention and its neural correlates. Participants were asked to search for a human face among animal faces. Experiment 1 showed a classic Own-Race Advantage in response time both for Chinese and Black South African participants. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), Experiment 2 showed a similar Own-Race Advantage in response time for both upright faces and inverted faces. Moreover, the latency of N2pc for own-race faces was earlier than that for other-race faces. These results suggested that own-race faces capture attention more efficiently than other-race faces.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009

We studied the dynamic effects of information needs and social influence of tags in an explorator... more We studied the dynamic effects of information needs and social influence of tags in an exploratory search task. Although initially differences in information needs led to diversity in tag choices, this diversity disappeared as participants collaboratively tagged the same set of resources. Our findings are in general consistent with the notion that people conform to the collective interpretation of contents in an information system. In addition, our results showed that conformity does not only arise out of imitation of behavior, but also from the same underlying semantic interpretation or knowledge structures of users as they engage in informal collaboration through the social tagging system. Implications for design of social information system are discussed.

Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships, 2011

A dual task of attachment priming and memory recognition was proposed to explore the effect of ad... more A dual task of attachment priming and memory recognition was proposed to explore the effect of adult attachment styles on the incidental memory for emotional words. Subjects completed an attachment priming task which intends to activate internal working model of attachment by describing attachment-related scenes, and then an incidental memory recognition test of words which differ in emotional meaning and relevance of attachment styles. Signal detection theory was used to compare the discriminability index and decision criterion of emotional words in subjects of different attachment style. Results showed that subjects with secure attachment styles performed better than insecure-attached subjects in the memory recognition test, in terms of higher hit rate, lower false alarm rate, and higher discriminability index. We extended the influence of attachment styles on cognition to lower level of incidental memory, not just on higher cognitive level with emotional arousal as suggested by previous research.

Journal of Ergonomics, 2013

Texting while driving is a prevalent risky behavior among drivers that causes thousands of fatali... more Texting while driving is a prevalent risky behavior among drivers that causes thousands of fatalities each year. Compared to the attention cell phone conversations while driving is given, texting while driving is still not thoroughly investigated. This article reviews the risks of texting while driving, mutual interference of texting and driving performance and future research questions. More research focusing on texting while driving and technology solutions to reduce its risks is needed.

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2007

Current web image search engines still rely on user typing textual description: query word(s) for... more Current web image search engines still rely on user typing textual description: query word(s) for visual targets. As the queries are often short, general or even ambiguous, the images in resulting pages vary in content and style. Thus, browsing with these results is likely to be tedious, frustrating and unpredictable. IGroup, a proposed image search engine addresses these problems by presenting the result in semantic clusters. The original result set was clustered in semantic groups with a cluster name relevant to user typed queries. Instead of looking through the result pages or modifying queries, IGroup users can refine findings to the interested sub-result sets with a navigational panel, where each cluster (sub-result set) was listed with a cluster name and representative thumbnails of the cluster. We compared IGroup with a general web image search engine: MSN, in term of efficiency, coverage, and satisfaction with a substantial user study. Our tool shows significant improvement in such criteria.