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Papers by Jigar Haria

Journal of Ultrasonography

Aim: To evaluate and measure the mean cross-sectional area of the tibial and median nerves in pat... more Aim: To evaluate and measure the mean cross-sectional area of the tibial and median nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and to study the association between high-resolution ultrasonographic findings in diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the duration of illness, glycosylated haemoglobin values, random blood sugar levels, and aesthesiometry (using monofilament examination). Material and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 63 patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and underwent ultrasound and monofilament examinations. The cross-sectional area of the median nerve of the dominant hand and the tibial nerves was calculated on ultrasound examination. Results: The mean cross-sectional area of the median and tibial nerves was higher in patients with poor glycaemic control, with the mean cross-sectional area of the median nerve being 10.9, 12.8, 13.0, and 12.9 mm2 at various points in the leg in cases where the monofilament ex...

Journal of Association of Physicians of India, 2020

IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases, 2022

Dengue virus is a member of arbovirus, family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus. These are found in ... more Dengue virus is a member of arbovirus, family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus. These are found in common tropical areas of the world or the transmitted through bite of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti and chiefly occurs during the rainy season. It is classified into three parts Dengue Fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome. The signs of dengue: fever, headache, retro orbital pain, muscles pain, joints pain or rashes are usually seen on 3-7 days. DF is also called break bone fever.: To study the occurrence of dengue infected patients. To determine the frequency of dengue patients presenting with fever of less than 5 days in NS1 Antigen ELISA. To determine the frequency of dengue infected patient presenting with fever for more than 5 days in IgM ELISA. The study was carried out from period of 2019 to 2021. Blood samples were collected from 161 patients. Serum was separated from blood samples. NS1 Ag detection was done from ELISA method & IgM Ab was detected by using De...

Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2020

Background: Macrovascular and Microvascular complications are well evaluated in DM but NAFLD is t... more Background: Macrovascular and Microvascular complications are well evaluated in DM but NAFLD is the most neglected and unevaluated complication among DM.Fibroscan is the non-invasive method for assessing liver fibrosis which has high reproducibility and accuracySubjects and Methods: It was a Case Control study. Fibrosis was assessed by fibroscan and was then quantified. Results: In our study there was a significant difference seen among the different grades of fibrosis among controls and cases (p=0.004). The mean fibrosis score too was high among cases (13.498) as compared to controls (6.052). The overall prevalence of NAFLD (F2-F4) was found to be 50% among cases as compared to 14% in controls.Conclusion: Diabetes has a significant etiological role in occurrence of NAFLD in population. Fibroscan has a substantial role in screening and diagnosing diabetics for NAFLD and fibrosis, thus advocating its use is recommended to prevent understudied and unrecognized complication of DM preventing mortality and morbidity.

Aim & Objective: To study vitamin C status of rural depressed population of Western U.P vis-a-vis... more Aim & Objective: To study vitamin C status of rural depressed population of Western U.P vis-a-vis age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Materials & Methods: From patients visiting the Psychiatric outpatient department of TMMC & RC, thirty depressed patients, diagnosed according to Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV-TR schedule, were selected randomly and their serum vitamin C levels were measured by dinitrophenyl hydrazine method. These levels were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: Mean (± SD) serum vitamin C levels of depressed patients and controls were 0.18 ± 0.09 mg/dl and 0.41 ± 0.07 mg/dl respectively. The difference between these two groups of subjects was statistically signifi cant (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows low vitamin C status in depressed patients as compared to normal individuals, and suggests that vitamin C supplementation can have a positive effect in the treatment of these patients.

Introduction: There are many studies which imply that poorly controlled blood glucose levels are ... more Introduction: There are many studies which imply that poorly controlled blood glucose levels are associated with a higher in-hospital morbidity and mortality, unfavorable post-discharge outcomes and significant excess health care costs. Myocardial infarction (MI) following stress hyperglycemia (post hip fracture) is of common occurrence now-a-days. Materials & Methods: From February 2013 to Dec 2013, we carried out a prospective observational analysis of 126 consecutive patients with no history of diabetes who suffered hip fractures. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin tests as well as electrocardiography, ultrasonic cardiography, and chest X-ray examinations were performed after admission. All selected hip fracture patients were divided into stress hyperglycemia and non-hyperglycemia groups according to their FBG, and the incidence of AMI was monitored. Results: Among the patients enrolled, the frequency of stress hyperglycemia was 47.89% (75/157) and that of AM...

Introduction: Since their introduction 12 years ago, there has been a wide proliferation of uptak... more Introduction: Since their introduction 12 years ago, there has been a wide proliferation of uptake of cell phone usage in India. Studies acknowledging excessive and problematic use of cell phone have also been reported from various parts of world. Systematic studies from India are still sparse. Aims: The present study aims to target the young cohort of university students pursuing education in a prominent deemed university of Northern India and to find the prevalence of cell phone addiction in the various groups of students belonging to various streams of education. Materials and methods: 50 students with age groups ranging from 18-24 were selected on a random basis by lucky draw method. They were explained the nature of study and its purpose and a 24 item self report questionnaire prepared on lines from ICD-X and CAGE questionnaire was administered to them after taking a informed consent. They were also administered Perceived Stress Scale and Hamiltons Anxiety Rating Scale to measu...

Introduction: In view of high incidence, increasing morbidity and mortality due to malaria in an ... more Introduction: In view of high incidence, increasing morbidity and mortality due to malaria in an endemic area like Uttar Pradesh, it was planned to study the clinical profile of and mortality in cases of plasmodium falciparum malaria in a tertiary care centre in Western Uttar Pradesh Region. Materials and Methods: Prospective data were collected from 100 adult patients with multiorgan involvement, admitted in classified malaria ward and confirmed by asexual parasitemia in peripheral blood film. A case sheet proforma was prepared and data regarding demographic profile, clinical features, investigations, treatment, and complication were recorded. Results: The incidence of complicated falciparum malaria was higher as compared to uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Fever with chills and rigors along with headache were the most common presentation present in 100% of the cases. In the present study, 46% of the patients presented with cerebral malaria. Jaundice was present in 32% of the case...

Introduction: Thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism completely disrupts the cardiovascular physio... more Introduction: Thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism completely disrupts the cardiovascular physiology especially weakening the myocardial contractility. Reduced myocardial activity weakens heart pump and reduces cardiac output and decreased ejection fraction, and ultimately manifests in various forms of sign and symptoms of cardiovascular origin. Materials and Methods: From February 2013 to May 2013, 22 patients were involved in the study, (19 females and 3 males), age ranging from 32 to 68 years. They were known to have thyroid disorders. The data was evaluated statistically analyzed. Results: 69.5% of the participants had mild elevation while 20.9% of them had marked elevation. 44.2% had hypertension, and that 68.4% of them were having diastolic hypertension, while 31.6% had systolic type. 36.4% patients were having history of ischemic heart disease while 63.4% patients showed no such thing. 28.9% patients had atrial fi brillation while 71.1% patients were free from that. Cardiome...

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is Arbo virus mediated outbreak, hitting different geographi... more Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is Arbo virus mediated outbreak, hitting different geographic areas with typical and atypical manifestations. Dengue hemorrhagic fever emerged as major health problem in India. Here in this study we have tried to fi nd out the trend of DHF in western Uttar Pradesh region. Material & Methods: In this study we retrospectively studied the case files of 196 patients who were admitted as the case of Dengue/ Dengue haemorrhagic fever, but we included only those cases in this study, which fulfilled the World Health Organization case definitions for DHF. Blood samples from suspected cases were collected and tested for Dengue by ELISA. Results: Among all cases fever was present in all the cases and other noticeable symptoms were, headache, Rash, Pleural effusion, Bleeding, Neurological defi cits & Ascites. Various biochemical parameters showed different values. Conclusions: We concluded our study with the fact that while keeping in mind the common symptom...

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the important problems related to diabetes which affe... more Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the important problems related to diabetes which affects the quality of life of the patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life of men and women with diabetic foot ulcer. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to study the quality of life of 72 men and 48 women with diabetic foot ulcer using convenience sampling method. The data gathering instrument was diabetic foot scale questionnaire which is used for evaluation of the quality of life of the patients with diabetic foot ulcer. The data were analyzed through descriptive and analytic statistic tests. Results: Of 120 patients with diabetic foot ulcer participating in this study, 60% were men and 40% were women with the mean age of 54.23(±12) years. The scores obtained in quality of life domains showed that friendship (p=0.024), following the treatment (0.013) and fi nancial status (p=0.032) had signifi cant difference between men and women. A signi...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, linked to deficiency of insulin occurring r... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, linked to deficiency of insulin occurring really or relatively can have an effect on almost body’s every organ system. Untreated diabetes can lead to majority of the complications. Vitamin D, fat-soluble secosteroids, are related to absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc at intestine level to be increased. Vitamin D deficiency, appears to be related to the process of initiating type 2 DM. Mild to moderate vitamin D deficiency has been postulated to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. AIM: The present study was conducted to study serum vitamin D levels in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with controls of similar age and gender. Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the study among which 50 patients were diabetic and 50 were age and gender matched healthy non-diabetic controls. Patients in the age group of 30-65 yrs., who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes wi...

Background: There are many studies which predicts the prognostic signifi cance of C-reactive prot... more Background: There are many studies which predicts the prognostic signifi cance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in ischemic stroke. Taking values at only one point of time is not important as compared to level its concentration at different perids of hospital stay of patient. Therefore we compared the values of CRP Within 24 hrs, 48-72 hrs & at the time of hospital discharge admission and discharge with 1-year outcome. Methods: Forty eight patients were included in the study and serum CRP values were measured, within 24 hours after ischemic stroke, within 48 to 72 hours, and at hospital discharge and an association was examined between the CRP levels and the time at which these values were taken and analyzed statistically. Results: 1.5 mg/dL for CRP at discharge provided optimum specifi city for adverse outcome. Markers of worse prognosis were the presence of CHD (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.38; P = 0.0081), PAD (HR 2.66, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.69; P = 0.0082), age > 70 years (HR 2.28, 95% CI...

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

Objective: To evaluate the drug utilization of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) along with thei... more Objective: To evaluate the drug utilization of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) along with their ADRs in a tertiary care hospital. And to monitor, report of adverse drug reaction and drug interactions, if any. Methods: The patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. The pertinent data such as demographic details, drug name, dose, frequency, and laboratory data were gathered from medical records of the patient and results were analyzed. Results: Total of 100 patients were included in this study, the maximum utilization of antihypertensive drug (ARB) was telmisartan (90%) and widely use of ARBs in the age group of 41-50 y. Total 32 ADRs were observed and most probable ADRs included headache (42.8%), Nausea (14.28%) and dizziness (12.5%). Conclusion: Telmisartan was the most prescribed and utilized drug than the other drugs of ARBs. Maximum ADRs were noted in females, the most frequent ADRs headache, nausea and dizziness were reported. The maj...

Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2017

Background: Diffused endothelial dysfunction in sepsis leads to an increase in systemic capillary... more Background: Diffused endothelial dysfunction in sepsis leads to an increase in systemic capillary permeability, the renal component manifesting as microalbuminuria. The degree of microalbuminuria correlates with the severity of the acute insult, the quantification of which may serve to predict sepsis and mortality in critically ill patients. Aim: To study the trend of microalbuminuria in sepsis patient, to evaluate microalbuminuria as novel biomarker of sepsis, To evaluate the capability of microalbuminuria for the prediction of ICU mortality. Methods: After exclusions, between November 2014 to May 2015, 50 consecutive adult patients were found eligible. Urine spot samples was collected at the time of ICU admission for Albumin Creatinine Ratio 1 and Albumin Creatinine Ratio 2 at 24hrs of ICU admission and Albumin creatinine Ratio 3. Results: Total of 50 patients were included into the study. The study included 56% of the patients as males and 44% as females. Out of 50 patients 78% of the patients had microalbuminuria, 66% of the patient were culture positive, out of which 79.49% of the patient had microalbuminuria. Majority of the patient (87.18%) with microalbuminuria require mechanical ventilation and the ICU stay was prolonged in survivor patients. Mortality rate was 61.54%. Microalbuminuria levels at 24 hours of admission among survivors and non survivors indicates its prognostic significance in ICU mortality. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is a reliable marker of sepsis, At 48 hours of admission, increased levels of microalbuminuria compared to microalbuminuria levels at admission and 24 hour, indicates its prognostic significance among survivors and non survivors in critically ill patients.

Sick Euthyroid Syndrome in Chronic Kidney Disease, Oct 23, 2013

Acta Medica International, 2015

Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multi-system genetic disease tha... more Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multi-system genetic disease that causes non-malignant tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. Non specific psychiatric symptoms occur in substantial number of patients with Tuberous Sclerosis. Tuberous Sclerosis is a rare disorder and most of patients present with behavioural changes, which may be mistaken for variety of psychiatric disorders, though Mania has been rarely reported. Here we report a case of Tuberous Sclerosis with classic radiological findings and manic features. Skin showed typical facial angiofibromas and Ash leaf macules and MRI displayed classic Tubers. There have been very few case reports of Bipolar disorder manic phase and all studies have till now proposed the anatomical relation of tubers in the brain as the underlying mechanism of this psychopathology. The neuroanatomical abnormalities found in this patient could be a possible explanation of his manic symptoms.

Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences, Oct 23, 2013

BACKGROUND: Sick euthyroid syndrome is an undermined entity seen in many chronic illness. CKD is ... more BACKGROUND: Sick euthyroid syndrome is an undermined entity seen in many chronic illness. CKD is one of the forerunners in terms of magnitude in the list of chronic illnesses. Also there is evidence of abnormal thyroid metabolism at several levels in uremia. Hence the need to evaluate thyroid function in CKD patients exists, as revealed by recent studies. AIMS: To study thyroid function test in patients of chronic renal failure. Also, to study the correlation between thyroid function test and severity of renal failure, defined by creatinine clearance. MATERIALS & METHODS: In a cross sectional observational case control study, 50 patients of chronic renal failure either on conservative management or on maintenance haemodialysis and 50 normal healthy subjects as control were enrolled. Creatinine clearance was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault Equation. Thyroid function tests were done by C.L.I.A (Chemiluminescence Immunoassay). RESULTS: Of the 50 patients (M:F-58:42%), with a mean age 40.58 ± 12.65 years, 28 (56%) were on conservative management, 22 (44%) were on hemodialysis for a minimum period of three months. All patients were clinically euthyroid. Thyroid function tests were normal (all parameters within normal range) in 13 (26%) patients. However 37 (74%) out of 50 patients of CKD had deranged thyroid function test (sick euthyroid syndrome). Mean Total T3 in patients of CKD and controls were 71.52 ± 27.88ng/dl and 95.34 ± 16.31ng/dl respectively (p < 0.005). Mean Free T3 in patients of CKD and controls were 2.19 ± 0.70pg/ml and 3.23 ± 0.79pg/ml respectively (p < 0.005). Mean Total T4 in patients of CKD and controls were 6.03 ± 1.60µg/dl and 6.88 ± 1.06µg/dl respectively (p < 0.005). Mean Free T4 in patients of CKD and controls were 1.18 ± 0.55ng/ml and 1.29 ± 0.24ng/dl respectively (no statistically significant difference). Mean TSH in patients of CKD and controls were 2.90 ± 1.39 vs. 2.81 ± 0.99µIU/ml respectively (no statistically significant difference). On applying correlation statistics, no statistically significant correlation was found between creatinine clearance and thyroid function test (r NS). Similarly, no statistically significant correlation was found between blood urea, serum creatinine, and various thyroid function test. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated low Total T3, Free T3 and Total T4 levels in 74% CKD patients as compared to controls. However, Free T4 and TSH level were found to be comparable to controls. Deranged thyroid function in patients of CKD could be due to sick euthyroid syndrome. No statistically significant correlation was found between thyroid function test and severity of renal failure.

Journal of Ultrasonography

Aim: To evaluate and measure the mean cross-sectional area of the tibial and median nerves in pat... more Aim: To evaluate and measure the mean cross-sectional area of the tibial and median nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and to study the association between high-resolution ultrasonographic findings in diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the duration of illness, glycosylated haemoglobin values, random blood sugar levels, and aesthesiometry (using monofilament examination). Material and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 63 patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and underwent ultrasound and monofilament examinations. The cross-sectional area of the median nerve of the dominant hand and the tibial nerves was calculated on ultrasound examination. Results: The mean cross-sectional area of the median and tibial nerves was higher in patients with poor glycaemic control, with the mean cross-sectional area of the median nerve being 10.9, 12.8, 13.0, and 12.9 mm2 at various points in the leg in cases where the monofilament ex...

Journal of Association of Physicians of India, 2020

IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases, 2022

Dengue virus is a member of arbovirus, family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus. These are found in ... more Dengue virus is a member of arbovirus, family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus. These are found in common tropical areas of the world or the transmitted through bite of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti and chiefly occurs during the rainy season. It is classified into three parts Dengue Fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome. The signs of dengue: fever, headache, retro orbital pain, muscles pain, joints pain or rashes are usually seen on 3-7 days. DF is also called break bone fever.: To study the occurrence of dengue infected patients. To determine the frequency of dengue patients presenting with fever of less than 5 days in NS1 Antigen ELISA. To determine the frequency of dengue infected patient presenting with fever for more than 5 days in IgM ELISA. The study was carried out from period of 2019 to 2021. Blood samples were collected from 161 patients. Serum was separated from blood samples. NS1 Ag detection was done from ELISA method & IgM Ab was detected by using De...

Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2020

Background: Macrovascular and Microvascular complications are well evaluated in DM but NAFLD is t... more Background: Macrovascular and Microvascular complications are well evaluated in DM but NAFLD is the most neglected and unevaluated complication among DM.Fibroscan is the non-invasive method for assessing liver fibrosis which has high reproducibility and accuracySubjects and Methods: It was a Case Control study. Fibrosis was assessed by fibroscan and was then quantified. Results: In our study there was a significant difference seen among the different grades of fibrosis among controls and cases (p=0.004). The mean fibrosis score too was high among cases (13.498) as compared to controls (6.052). The overall prevalence of NAFLD (F2-F4) was found to be 50% among cases as compared to 14% in controls.Conclusion: Diabetes has a significant etiological role in occurrence of NAFLD in population. Fibroscan has a substantial role in screening and diagnosing diabetics for NAFLD and fibrosis, thus advocating its use is recommended to prevent understudied and unrecognized complication of DM preventing mortality and morbidity.

Aim & Objective: To study vitamin C status of rural depressed population of Western U.P vis-a-vis... more Aim & Objective: To study vitamin C status of rural depressed population of Western U.P vis-a-vis age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Materials & Methods: From patients visiting the Psychiatric outpatient department of TMMC & RC, thirty depressed patients, diagnosed according to Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV-TR schedule, were selected randomly and their serum vitamin C levels were measured by dinitrophenyl hydrazine method. These levels were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: Mean (± SD) serum vitamin C levels of depressed patients and controls were 0.18 ± 0.09 mg/dl and 0.41 ± 0.07 mg/dl respectively. The difference between these two groups of subjects was statistically signifi cant (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows low vitamin C status in depressed patients as compared to normal individuals, and suggests that vitamin C supplementation can have a positive effect in the treatment of these patients.

Introduction: There are many studies which imply that poorly controlled blood glucose levels are ... more Introduction: There are many studies which imply that poorly controlled blood glucose levels are associated with a higher in-hospital morbidity and mortality, unfavorable post-discharge outcomes and significant excess health care costs. Myocardial infarction (MI) following stress hyperglycemia (post hip fracture) is of common occurrence now-a-days. Materials & Methods: From February 2013 to Dec 2013, we carried out a prospective observational analysis of 126 consecutive patients with no history of diabetes who suffered hip fractures. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin tests as well as electrocardiography, ultrasonic cardiography, and chest X-ray examinations were performed after admission. All selected hip fracture patients were divided into stress hyperglycemia and non-hyperglycemia groups according to their FBG, and the incidence of AMI was monitored. Results: Among the patients enrolled, the frequency of stress hyperglycemia was 47.89% (75/157) and that of AM...

Introduction: Since their introduction 12 years ago, there has been a wide proliferation of uptak... more Introduction: Since their introduction 12 years ago, there has been a wide proliferation of uptake of cell phone usage in India. Studies acknowledging excessive and problematic use of cell phone have also been reported from various parts of world. Systematic studies from India are still sparse. Aims: The present study aims to target the young cohort of university students pursuing education in a prominent deemed university of Northern India and to find the prevalence of cell phone addiction in the various groups of students belonging to various streams of education. Materials and methods: 50 students with age groups ranging from 18-24 were selected on a random basis by lucky draw method. They were explained the nature of study and its purpose and a 24 item self report questionnaire prepared on lines from ICD-X and CAGE questionnaire was administered to them after taking a informed consent. They were also administered Perceived Stress Scale and Hamiltons Anxiety Rating Scale to measu...

Introduction: In view of high incidence, increasing morbidity and mortality due to malaria in an ... more Introduction: In view of high incidence, increasing morbidity and mortality due to malaria in an endemic area like Uttar Pradesh, it was planned to study the clinical profile of and mortality in cases of plasmodium falciparum malaria in a tertiary care centre in Western Uttar Pradesh Region. Materials and Methods: Prospective data were collected from 100 adult patients with multiorgan involvement, admitted in classified malaria ward and confirmed by asexual parasitemia in peripheral blood film. A case sheet proforma was prepared and data regarding demographic profile, clinical features, investigations, treatment, and complication were recorded. Results: The incidence of complicated falciparum malaria was higher as compared to uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Fever with chills and rigors along with headache were the most common presentation present in 100% of the cases. In the present study, 46% of the patients presented with cerebral malaria. Jaundice was present in 32% of the case...

Introduction: Thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism completely disrupts the cardiovascular physio... more Introduction: Thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism completely disrupts the cardiovascular physiology especially weakening the myocardial contractility. Reduced myocardial activity weakens heart pump and reduces cardiac output and decreased ejection fraction, and ultimately manifests in various forms of sign and symptoms of cardiovascular origin. Materials and Methods: From February 2013 to May 2013, 22 patients were involved in the study, (19 females and 3 males), age ranging from 32 to 68 years. They were known to have thyroid disorders. The data was evaluated statistically analyzed. Results: 69.5% of the participants had mild elevation while 20.9% of them had marked elevation. 44.2% had hypertension, and that 68.4% of them were having diastolic hypertension, while 31.6% had systolic type. 36.4% patients were having history of ischemic heart disease while 63.4% patients showed no such thing. 28.9% patients had atrial fi brillation while 71.1% patients were free from that. Cardiome...

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is Arbo virus mediated outbreak, hitting different geographi... more Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is Arbo virus mediated outbreak, hitting different geographic areas with typical and atypical manifestations. Dengue hemorrhagic fever emerged as major health problem in India. Here in this study we have tried to fi nd out the trend of DHF in western Uttar Pradesh region. Material & Methods: In this study we retrospectively studied the case files of 196 patients who were admitted as the case of Dengue/ Dengue haemorrhagic fever, but we included only those cases in this study, which fulfilled the World Health Organization case definitions for DHF. Blood samples from suspected cases were collected and tested for Dengue by ELISA. Results: Among all cases fever was present in all the cases and other noticeable symptoms were, headache, Rash, Pleural effusion, Bleeding, Neurological defi cits & Ascites. Various biochemical parameters showed different values. Conclusions: We concluded our study with the fact that while keeping in mind the common symptom...

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the important problems related to diabetes which affe... more Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the important problems related to diabetes which affects the quality of life of the patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life of men and women with diabetic foot ulcer. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to study the quality of life of 72 men and 48 women with diabetic foot ulcer using convenience sampling method. The data gathering instrument was diabetic foot scale questionnaire which is used for evaluation of the quality of life of the patients with diabetic foot ulcer. The data were analyzed through descriptive and analytic statistic tests. Results: Of 120 patients with diabetic foot ulcer participating in this study, 60% were men and 40% were women with the mean age of 54.23(±12) years. The scores obtained in quality of life domains showed that friendship (p=0.024), following the treatment (0.013) and fi nancial status (p=0.032) had signifi cant difference between men and women. A signi...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, linked to deficiency of insulin occurring r... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, linked to deficiency of insulin occurring really or relatively can have an effect on almost body’s every organ system. Untreated diabetes can lead to majority of the complications. Vitamin D, fat-soluble secosteroids, are related to absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc at intestine level to be increased. Vitamin D deficiency, appears to be related to the process of initiating type 2 DM. Mild to moderate vitamin D deficiency has been postulated to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. AIM: The present study was conducted to study serum vitamin D levels in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with controls of similar age and gender. Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the study among which 50 patients were diabetic and 50 were age and gender matched healthy non-diabetic controls. Patients in the age group of 30-65 yrs., who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes wi...

Background: There are many studies which predicts the prognostic signifi cance of C-reactive prot... more Background: There are many studies which predicts the prognostic signifi cance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in ischemic stroke. Taking values at only one point of time is not important as compared to level its concentration at different perids of hospital stay of patient. Therefore we compared the values of CRP Within 24 hrs, 48-72 hrs & at the time of hospital discharge admission and discharge with 1-year outcome. Methods: Forty eight patients were included in the study and serum CRP values were measured, within 24 hours after ischemic stroke, within 48 to 72 hours, and at hospital discharge and an association was examined between the CRP levels and the time at which these values were taken and analyzed statistically. Results: 1.5 mg/dL for CRP at discharge provided optimum specifi city for adverse outcome. Markers of worse prognosis were the presence of CHD (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.38; P = 0.0081), PAD (HR 2.66, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.69; P = 0.0082), age > 70 years (HR 2.28, 95% CI...

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

Objective: To evaluate the drug utilization of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) along with thei... more Objective: To evaluate the drug utilization of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) along with their ADRs in a tertiary care hospital. And to monitor, report of adverse drug reaction and drug interactions, if any. Methods: The patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. The pertinent data such as demographic details, drug name, dose, frequency, and laboratory data were gathered from medical records of the patient and results were analyzed. Results: Total of 100 patients were included in this study, the maximum utilization of antihypertensive drug (ARB) was telmisartan (90%) and widely use of ARBs in the age group of 41-50 y. Total 32 ADRs were observed and most probable ADRs included headache (42.8%), Nausea (14.28%) and dizziness (12.5%). Conclusion: Telmisartan was the most prescribed and utilized drug than the other drugs of ARBs. Maximum ADRs were noted in females, the most frequent ADRs headache, nausea and dizziness were reported. The maj...

Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2017

Background: Diffused endothelial dysfunction in sepsis leads to an increase in systemic capillary... more Background: Diffused endothelial dysfunction in sepsis leads to an increase in systemic capillary permeability, the renal component manifesting as microalbuminuria. The degree of microalbuminuria correlates with the severity of the acute insult, the quantification of which may serve to predict sepsis and mortality in critically ill patients. Aim: To study the trend of microalbuminuria in sepsis patient, to evaluate microalbuminuria as novel biomarker of sepsis, To evaluate the capability of microalbuminuria for the prediction of ICU mortality. Methods: After exclusions, between November 2014 to May 2015, 50 consecutive adult patients were found eligible. Urine spot samples was collected at the time of ICU admission for Albumin Creatinine Ratio 1 and Albumin Creatinine Ratio 2 at 24hrs of ICU admission and Albumin creatinine Ratio 3. Results: Total of 50 patients were included into the study. The study included 56% of the patients as males and 44% as females. Out of 50 patients 78% of the patients had microalbuminuria, 66% of the patient were culture positive, out of which 79.49% of the patient had microalbuminuria. Majority of the patient (87.18%) with microalbuminuria require mechanical ventilation and the ICU stay was prolonged in survivor patients. Mortality rate was 61.54%. Microalbuminuria levels at 24 hours of admission among survivors and non survivors indicates its prognostic significance in ICU mortality. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is a reliable marker of sepsis, At 48 hours of admission, increased levels of microalbuminuria compared to microalbuminuria levels at admission and 24 hour, indicates its prognostic significance among survivors and non survivors in critically ill patients.

Sick Euthyroid Syndrome in Chronic Kidney Disease, Oct 23, 2013

Acta Medica International, 2015

Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multi-system genetic disease tha... more Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multi-system genetic disease that causes non-malignant tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. Non specific psychiatric symptoms occur in substantial number of patients with Tuberous Sclerosis. Tuberous Sclerosis is a rare disorder and most of patients present with behavioural changes, which may be mistaken for variety of psychiatric disorders, though Mania has been rarely reported. Here we report a case of Tuberous Sclerosis with classic radiological findings and manic features. Skin showed typical facial angiofibromas and Ash leaf macules and MRI displayed classic Tubers. There have been very few case reports of Bipolar disorder manic phase and all studies have till now proposed the anatomical relation of tubers in the brain as the underlying mechanism of this psychopathology. The neuroanatomical abnormalities found in this patient could be a possible explanation of his manic symptoms.

Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences, Oct 23, 2013

BACKGROUND: Sick euthyroid syndrome is an undermined entity seen in many chronic illness. CKD is ... more BACKGROUND: Sick euthyroid syndrome is an undermined entity seen in many chronic illness. CKD is one of the forerunners in terms of magnitude in the list of chronic illnesses. Also there is evidence of abnormal thyroid metabolism at several levels in uremia. Hence the need to evaluate thyroid function in CKD patients exists, as revealed by recent studies. AIMS: To study thyroid function test in patients of chronic renal failure. Also, to study the correlation between thyroid function test and severity of renal failure, defined by creatinine clearance. MATERIALS & METHODS: In a cross sectional observational case control study, 50 patients of chronic renal failure either on conservative management or on maintenance haemodialysis and 50 normal healthy subjects as control were enrolled. Creatinine clearance was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault Equation. Thyroid function tests were done by C.L.I.A (Chemiluminescence Immunoassay). RESULTS: Of the 50 patients (M:F-58:42%), with a mean age 40.58 ± 12.65 years, 28 (56%) were on conservative management, 22 (44%) were on hemodialysis for a minimum period of three months. All patients were clinically euthyroid. Thyroid function tests were normal (all parameters within normal range) in 13 (26%) patients. However 37 (74%) out of 50 patients of CKD had deranged thyroid function test (sick euthyroid syndrome). Mean Total T3 in patients of CKD and controls were 71.52 ± 27.88ng/dl and 95.34 ± 16.31ng/dl respectively (p < 0.005). Mean Free T3 in patients of CKD and controls were 2.19 ± 0.70pg/ml and 3.23 ± 0.79pg/ml respectively (p < 0.005). Mean Total T4 in patients of CKD and controls were 6.03 ± 1.60µg/dl and 6.88 ± 1.06µg/dl respectively (p < 0.005). Mean Free T4 in patients of CKD and controls were 1.18 ± 0.55ng/ml and 1.29 ± 0.24ng/dl respectively (no statistically significant difference). Mean TSH in patients of CKD and controls were 2.90 ± 1.39 vs. 2.81 ± 0.99µIU/ml respectively (no statistically significant difference). On applying correlation statistics, no statistically significant correlation was found between creatinine clearance and thyroid function test (r NS). Similarly, no statistically significant correlation was found between blood urea, serum creatinine, and various thyroid function test. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated low Total T3, Free T3 and Total T4 levels in 74% CKD patients as compared to controls. However, Free T4 and TSH level were found to be comparable to controls. Deranged thyroid function in patients of CKD could be due to sick euthyroid syndrome. No statistically significant correlation was found between thyroid function test and severity of renal failure.