JinSoo Kim - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by JinSoo Kim

Research paper thumbnail of Fine-Tuning Next-Generation Genome Editing Tools

Trends in biotechnology, Jul 1, 2016

The availability of genome sequences of numerous organisms and the revolution brought about by ge... more The availability of genome sequences of numerous organisms and the revolution brought about by genome editing tools (e.g., ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 or RGENs) has provided a breakthrough in introducing targeted genetic changes both to explore emergent phenotypes and to introduce new functionalities. However, the wider application of these tools in biology, agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology is limited by off-target mutation effects. In this review, we compare available methods for detecting, measuring, and analyzing off-target mutations. Furthermore, we particularly focus on CRISPR/Cas9 regarding various methods, tweaks, and software tools available to nullify off-target effects.

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Research paper thumbnail of DNA-free two-gene knockout in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

Scientific reports, Jul 28, 2016

Microalgae are versatile organisms capable of converting CO2, H2O, and sunlight into fuel and che... more Microalgae are versatile organisms capable of converting CO2, H2O, and sunlight into fuel and chemicals for domestic and industrial consumption. Thus, genetic modifications of microalgae for enhancing photosynthetic productivity, and biomass and bio-products generation are crucial for both academic and industrial applications. However, targeted mutagenesis in microalgae with CRISPR-Cas9 is limited. Here we report, a one-step transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by the DNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 method rather than plasmids that encode Cas9 and guide RNAs. Outcome was the sequential CpFTSY and ZEP two-gene knockout and the generation of a strain constitutively producing zeaxanthin and showing improved photosynthetic productivity.

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Research paper thumbnail of On a Video Surveillance System with a DSP by the LDA Algorithm

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005

As face recognition algorithms move from research labs to real world product, power consumption a... more As face recognition algorithms move from research labs to real world product, power consumption and cost become critical issues, and DSP-based implementations become more attractive. Also, “real-time” automatic personal identification system should meet the conflicting dual requirements of accuracy and response time. In addition, it also should be user-friendly. This paper proposes a method of face recognition by the LDA

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Research paper thumbnail of CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout and knock-in mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Scientific reports, Jun 13, 2016

Genome editing is crucial for genetic engineering of organisms for improved traits, particularly ... more Genome editing is crucial for genetic engineering of organisms for improved traits, particularly in microalgae due to the urgent necessity for the next generation biofuel production. The most advanced CRISPR/Cas9 system is simple, efficient and accurate in some organisms; however, it has proven extremely difficult in microalgae including the model alga Chlamydomonas. We solved this problem by delivering Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) comprising the Cas9 protein and sgRNAs to avoid cytotoxicity and off-targeting associated with vector-driven expression of Cas9. We obtained CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations at three loci including MAA7, CpSRP43 and ChlM, and targeted mutagenic efficiency was improved up to 100 fold compared to the first report of transgenic Cas9-induced mutagenesis. Interestingly, we found that unrelated vectors used for the selection purpose were predominantly integrated at the Cas9 cut site, indicative of NHEJ-mediated knock-in events. As expected with Cas9 RNPs, no off...

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Research paper thumbnail of Targeted mutagenesis in mice by electroporation of Cpf1 ribonucleoproteins

Nature Biotechnology, 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Fusion of Pedicular Cleft Using Pedicle Screw Fixation - A Case Report

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of A simple, flexible and high-throughput cloning system for plant genome editing via CRISPR-Cas system

Journal of integrative plant biology, Jan 4, 2016

CRISPR-Cas9 system is now widely used to edit a target genome in animals and plants. Cas9 protein... more CRISPR-Cas9 system is now widely used to edit a target genome in animals and plants. Cas9 protein derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) cleaves double-stranded DNA targeted by a chimeric single-guide RNA (sgRNA). For plant genome editing, Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA transformation has been broadly used to express Cas9 proteins and sgRNAs under the control of CaMV 35S and U6/U3 promoter, respectively. We here developed a simple and high-throughput binary vector system to clone a 19-20 bp of sgRNA, which binds to the reverse complement of a target locus, in a large T-DNA binary vector containing an SpCas9 expressing cassette. Two-step cloning procedures - (1) annealing two target-specific oligonucleotides with overhangs specific to the AarI restriction enzyme site of the binary vector; (2) ligating the annealed oligonucleotides into the two AarI sites of the vector - facilitate the high-throughput production of the positive clones. In addition, Cas9-coding sequence and U6/U3 p...

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Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of Large-Scale SMTP Traffic: the Coexistence of the Poisson Process and Self-Similarity

2008 IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computers and Telecommunication Systems, 2008

Network traffic such as Ethernet, Internet, World Wide Web, and TCP/UDP protocols has been extens... more Network traffic such as Ethernet, Internet, World Wide Web, and TCP/UDP protocols has been extensively studied, with efforts focusing on the Poisson process and self-similarity. However, although SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) occupies a significant portion of Internet traffic, it has attracted little attention. This paper shows that large-scale SMTP traffic possesses both the characteristics of the Poisson process and

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Research paper thumbnail of Voices of biotech

Nature biotechnology, Jan 10, 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Site-directed mutagenesis in Petunia × hybrida protoplast system using direct delivery of purified recombinant Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

Plant Cell Reports, 2016

Site-directed mutagenesis of nitrate reductase genes using direct delivery of purified Cas9 prote... more Site-directed mutagenesis of nitrate reductase genes using direct delivery of purified Cas9 protein preassembled with guide RNA produces mutations efficiently in Petunia × hybrida protoplast system. The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated endonuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been recently announced as a powerful molecular breeding tool for site-directed mutagenesis in higher plants. Here, we report a site-directed mutagenesis method targeting Petunia nitrate reductase (NR) gene locus. This method could create mutations efficiently using direct delivery of purified Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) into protoplast cells. After transient introduction of RNA-guided endonuclease (RGEN) ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) with different sgRNAs targeting NR genes, mutagenesis at the targeted loci was detected by T7E1 assay and confirmed by targeted deep sequencing. T7E1 assay showed that RGEN RNPs induced site-specific mutations at frequencies ranging from 2.4 to 21 % at four different sites (NR1, 2, 4 and 6) in the PhNR gene locus with average mutation efficiency of 14.9 ± 2.2 %. Targeted deep DNA sequencing revealed mutation rates of 5.3-17.8 % with average mutation rate of 11.5 ± 2 % at the same NR gene target sites in DNA fragments of analyzed protoplast transfectants. Further analysis from targeted deep sequencing showed that the average ratio of deletion to insertion produced collectively by the four NR-RGEN target sites (NR1, 2, 4, and 6) was about 63:37. Our results demonstrated that direct delivery of RGEN RNPs into protoplast cells of Petunia can be exploited as an efficient tool for site-directed mutagenesis of genes or genome editing in plant systems.

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Research paper thumbnail of Photoemission and x-ray absorption study of MgC 1 − x Ni 3

Physical Review B, 2002

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Research paper thumbnail of Efficient delivery of nuclease proteins for genome editing in human stem cells and primary cells

Nature Protocols, 2015

Targeted nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like (TAL) ef... more Targeted nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), have provided researchers with the ability to manipulate nearly any genomic sequence in human cells and model organisms. However, realizing the full potential of these genome-modifying technologies requires their safe and efficient delivery into relevant cell types. Unlike methods that rely on expression from nucleic acids, the direct delivery of nuclease proteins to cells provides rapid action and fast turnover, leading to fewer off-target effects while maintaining high rates of targeted modification. These features make nuclease protein delivery particularly well suited for precision genome engineering. Here we describe procedures for implementing protein-based genome editing in human embryonic stem cells and primary cells. Protocols for the expression, purification and delivery of ZFN proteins, which are intrinsically cell-permeable; TALEN proteins, which can be internalized via conjugation with cell-penetrating peptide moieties; and Cas9 ribonucleoprotein, whose nucleofection into cells facilitates rapid induction of multiplexed modifications, are described, along with procedures for evaluating nuclease protein activity. Once they are constructed, nuclease proteins can be expressed and purified within 6 d, and they can be used to induce genomic modifications in human cells within 2 d.

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Research paper thumbnail of DNA-free genome editing in plants with preassembled CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

Nature biotechnology, Jan 19, 2015

Editing plant genomes without introducing foreign DNA into cells may alleviate regulatory concern... more Editing plant genomes without introducing foreign DNA into cells may alleviate regulatory concerns related to genetically modified plants. We transfected preassembled complexes of purified Cas9 protein and guide RNA into plant protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, lettuce and rice and achieved targeted mutagenesis in regenerated plants at frequencies of up to 46%. The targeted sites contained germline-transmissible small insertions or deletions that are indistinguishable from naturally occurring genetic variation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Inverse optimal control of nonlinear systems with structural uncertainty

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Research paper thumbnail of A Note on Pascal's Matrix

We can get the Pascal's matrix of order n by taking the first n rows of Pascal's triangle... more We can get the Pascal's matrix of order n by taking the first n rows of Pascal's triangle and filling in with 0's on the right. In this paper we obtain some well known combinatorial identities and a factorization of the Stirling matrix from the Pascal's matrix.

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Research paper thumbnail of Force control of constrained flexible manipulators

Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1996

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Research paper thumbnail of 붕장어 부산물로 제조한 붕장어탕의 식품학적 특성

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of A PDWZ Encoder Using Code Conversion and Bit Interleaver

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Research paper thumbnail of Improved AR-FGS Coding Scheme for Scalable Video Coding

In this paper, we propose an efficient method for improving visual quality of AR-FGS (Adaptive Re... more In this paper, we propose an efficient method for improving visual quality of AR-FGS (Adaptive Reference FGS) which is adopted as a key scheme for SVC (Scalable Video Coding) or H.264 scalable extension. The standard FGS (Fine Granularity Scalability) adopts AR-FGS that introduces temporal prediction into FGS layer by using a high quality reference signal which is constructed by the weighted average between the base layer reconstructed imageand enhancement reference to improve the coding efficiency in the FGS layer. However, when the enhancement stream is truncated at certain bitstream position in transmission, the rest of the data of the FGS layer will not be available at the FGS decoder. Thus the most noticeable problem of using the enhancement layer in prediction is the degraded visual quality caused by drifting because of the mismatch between the reference frame used by the FGS encoder and that by the decoder. To solve this problem, we exploit the principle of cyclical block cod...

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Research paper thumbnail of Distortion Estimation Using Block-Adaptive Matching Characteristics for Motion Compensated Interpolation Frame

Video FRUC (Frame Rate Up Conversion) is one of the main issues that have arisen in recent years ... more Video FRUC (Frame Rate Up Conversion) is one of the main issues that have arisen in recent years with the explosive growth of video sources and display formats in consumer electronics. Most advanced FRUC algorithms adopt an efficient motion interpolation technique to determine the motion vector field of interpolated frames. But, in some application areas such as post processing in receiver side, it is necessary to evaluate how well the MCI (Motion Compensated Interpolation) frame was reconstructed. In order to achieve this aim, first, this paper introduces some cost functions to estimate the reliability of a block in the MCI frame. Then, by using these functions, this paper proposes two distortion estimation models for evaluating how much noise was produced in the MCI frame. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed estimation methods perform effectively in estimating the noises of the MCI frame.

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Research paper thumbnail of Fine-Tuning Next-Generation Genome Editing Tools

Trends in biotechnology, Jul 1, 2016

The availability of genome sequences of numerous organisms and the revolution brought about by ge... more The availability of genome sequences of numerous organisms and the revolution brought about by genome editing tools (e.g., ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 or RGENs) has provided a breakthrough in introducing targeted genetic changes both to explore emergent phenotypes and to introduce new functionalities. However, the wider application of these tools in biology, agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology is limited by off-target mutation effects. In this review, we compare available methods for detecting, measuring, and analyzing off-target mutations. Furthermore, we particularly focus on CRISPR/Cas9 regarding various methods, tweaks, and software tools available to nullify off-target effects.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of DNA-free two-gene knockout in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

Scientific reports, Jul 28, 2016

Microalgae are versatile organisms capable of converting CO2, H2O, and sunlight into fuel and che... more Microalgae are versatile organisms capable of converting CO2, H2O, and sunlight into fuel and chemicals for domestic and industrial consumption. Thus, genetic modifications of microalgae for enhancing photosynthetic productivity, and biomass and bio-products generation are crucial for both academic and industrial applications. However, targeted mutagenesis in microalgae with CRISPR-Cas9 is limited. Here we report, a one-step transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by the DNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 method rather than plasmids that encode Cas9 and guide RNAs. Outcome was the sequential CpFTSY and ZEP two-gene knockout and the generation of a strain constitutively producing zeaxanthin and showing improved photosynthetic productivity.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of On a Video Surveillance System with a DSP by the LDA Algorithm

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005

As face recognition algorithms move from research labs to real world product, power consumption a... more As face recognition algorithms move from research labs to real world product, power consumption and cost become critical issues, and DSP-based implementations become more attractive. Also, “real-time” automatic personal identification system should meet the conflicting dual requirements of accuracy and response time. In addition, it also should be user-friendly. This paper proposes a method of face recognition by the LDA

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Research paper thumbnail of CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout and knock-in mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Scientific reports, Jun 13, 2016

Genome editing is crucial for genetic engineering of organisms for improved traits, particularly ... more Genome editing is crucial for genetic engineering of organisms for improved traits, particularly in microalgae due to the urgent necessity for the next generation biofuel production. The most advanced CRISPR/Cas9 system is simple, efficient and accurate in some organisms; however, it has proven extremely difficult in microalgae including the model alga Chlamydomonas. We solved this problem by delivering Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) comprising the Cas9 protein and sgRNAs to avoid cytotoxicity and off-targeting associated with vector-driven expression of Cas9. We obtained CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations at three loci including MAA7, CpSRP43 and ChlM, and targeted mutagenic efficiency was improved up to 100 fold compared to the first report of transgenic Cas9-induced mutagenesis. Interestingly, we found that unrelated vectors used for the selection purpose were predominantly integrated at the Cas9 cut site, indicative of NHEJ-mediated knock-in events. As expected with Cas9 RNPs, no off...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Targeted mutagenesis in mice by electroporation of Cpf1 ribonucleoproteins

Nature Biotechnology, 2016

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Fusion of Pedicular Cleft Using Pedicle Screw Fixation - A Case Report

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of A simple, flexible and high-throughput cloning system for plant genome editing via CRISPR-Cas system

Journal of integrative plant biology, Jan 4, 2016

CRISPR-Cas9 system is now widely used to edit a target genome in animals and plants. Cas9 protein... more CRISPR-Cas9 system is now widely used to edit a target genome in animals and plants. Cas9 protein derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) cleaves double-stranded DNA targeted by a chimeric single-guide RNA (sgRNA). For plant genome editing, Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA transformation has been broadly used to express Cas9 proteins and sgRNAs under the control of CaMV 35S and U6/U3 promoter, respectively. We here developed a simple and high-throughput binary vector system to clone a 19-20 bp of sgRNA, which binds to the reverse complement of a target locus, in a large T-DNA binary vector containing an SpCas9 expressing cassette. Two-step cloning procedures - (1) annealing two target-specific oligonucleotides with overhangs specific to the AarI restriction enzyme site of the binary vector; (2) ligating the annealed oligonucleotides into the two AarI sites of the vector - facilitate the high-throughput production of the positive clones. In addition, Cas9-coding sequence and U6/U3 p...

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Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of Large-Scale SMTP Traffic: the Coexistence of the Poisson Process and Self-Similarity

2008 IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computers and Telecommunication Systems, 2008

Network traffic such as Ethernet, Internet, World Wide Web, and TCP/UDP protocols has been extens... more Network traffic such as Ethernet, Internet, World Wide Web, and TCP/UDP protocols has been extensively studied, with efforts focusing on the Poisson process and self-similarity. However, although SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) occupies a significant portion of Internet traffic, it has attracted little attention. This paper shows that large-scale SMTP traffic possesses both the characteristics of the Poisson process and

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Research paper thumbnail of Voices of biotech

Nature biotechnology, Jan 10, 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Site-directed mutagenesis in Petunia × hybrida protoplast system using direct delivery of purified recombinant Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

Plant Cell Reports, 2016

Site-directed mutagenesis of nitrate reductase genes using direct delivery of purified Cas9 prote... more Site-directed mutagenesis of nitrate reductase genes using direct delivery of purified Cas9 protein preassembled with guide RNA produces mutations efficiently in Petunia × hybrida protoplast system. The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated endonuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been recently announced as a powerful molecular breeding tool for site-directed mutagenesis in higher plants. Here, we report a site-directed mutagenesis method targeting Petunia nitrate reductase (NR) gene locus. This method could create mutations efficiently using direct delivery of purified Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) into protoplast cells. After transient introduction of RNA-guided endonuclease (RGEN) ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) with different sgRNAs targeting NR genes, mutagenesis at the targeted loci was detected by T7E1 assay and confirmed by targeted deep sequencing. T7E1 assay showed that RGEN RNPs induced site-specific mutations at frequencies ranging from 2.4 to 21 % at four different sites (NR1, 2, 4 and 6) in the PhNR gene locus with average mutation efficiency of 14.9 ± 2.2 %. Targeted deep DNA sequencing revealed mutation rates of 5.3-17.8 % with average mutation rate of 11.5 ± 2 % at the same NR gene target sites in DNA fragments of analyzed protoplast transfectants. Further analysis from targeted deep sequencing showed that the average ratio of deletion to insertion produced collectively by the four NR-RGEN target sites (NR1, 2, 4, and 6) was about 63:37. Our results demonstrated that direct delivery of RGEN RNPs into protoplast cells of Petunia can be exploited as an efficient tool for site-directed mutagenesis of genes or genome editing in plant systems.

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Research paper thumbnail of Photoemission and x-ray absorption study of MgC 1 − x Ni 3

Physical Review B, 2002

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Efficient delivery of nuclease proteins for genome editing in human stem cells and primary cells

Nature Protocols, 2015

Targeted nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like (TAL) ef... more Targeted nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), have provided researchers with the ability to manipulate nearly any genomic sequence in human cells and model organisms. However, realizing the full potential of these genome-modifying technologies requires their safe and efficient delivery into relevant cell types. Unlike methods that rely on expression from nucleic acids, the direct delivery of nuclease proteins to cells provides rapid action and fast turnover, leading to fewer off-target effects while maintaining high rates of targeted modification. These features make nuclease protein delivery particularly well suited for precision genome engineering. Here we describe procedures for implementing protein-based genome editing in human embryonic stem cells and primary cells. Protocols for the expression, purification and delivery of ZFN proteins, which are intrinsically cell-permeable; TALEN proteins, which can be internalized via conjugation with cell-penetrating peptide moieties; and Cas9 ribonucleoprotein, whose nucleofection into cells facilitates rapid induction of multiplexed modifications, are described, along with procedures for evaluating nuclease protein activity. Once they are constructed, nuclease proteins can be expressed and purified within 6 d, and they can be used to induce genomic modifications in human cells within 2 d.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of DNA-free genome editing in plants with preassembled CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

Nature biotechnology, Jan 19, 2015

Editing plant genomes without introducing foreign DNA into cells may alleviate regulatory concern... more Editing plant genomes without introducing foreign DNA into cells may alleviate regulatory concerns related to genetically modified plants. We transfected preassembled complexes of purified Cas9 protein and guide RNA into plant protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, lettuce and rice and achieved targeted mutagenesis in regenerated plants at frequencies of up to 46%. The targeted sites contained germline-transmissible small insertions or deletions that are indistinguishable from naturally occurring genetic variation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Inverse optimal control of nonlinear systems with structural uncertainty

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A Note on Pascal's Matrix

We can get the Pascal's matrix of order n by taking the first n rows of Pascal's triangle... more We can get the Pascal's matrix of order n by taking the first n rows of Pascal's triangle and filling in with 0's on the right. In this paper we obtain some well known combinatorial identities and a factorization of the Stirling matrix from the Pascal's matrix.

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Research paper thumbnail of Force control of constrained flexible manipulators

Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1996

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Research paper thumbnail of 붕장어 부산물로 제조한 붕장어탕의 식품학적 특성

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of A PDWZ Encoder Using Code Conversion and Bit Interleaver

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Improved AR-FGS Coding Scheme for Scalable Video Coding

In this paper, we propose an efficient method for improving visual quality of AR-FGS (Adaptive Re... more In this paper, we propose an efficient method for improving visual quality of AR-FGS (Adaptive Reference FGS) which is adopted as a key scheme for SVC (Scalable Video Coding) or H.264 scalable extension. The standard FGS (Fine Granularity Scalability) adopts AR-FGS that introduces temporal prediction into FGS layer by using a high quality reference signal which is constructed by the weighted average between the base layer reconstructed imageand enhancement reference to improve the coding efficiency in the FGS layer. However, when the enhancement stream is truncated at certain bitstream position in transmission, the rest of the data of the FGS layer will not be available at the FGS decoder. Thus the most noticeable problem of using the enhancement layer in prediction is the degraded visual quality caused by drifting because of the mismatch between the reference frame used by the FGS encoder and that by the decoder. To solve this problem, we exploit the principle of cyclical block cod...

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Research paper thumbnail of Distortion Estimation Using Block-Adaptive Matching Characteristics for Motion Compensated Interpolation Frame

Video FRUC (Frame Rate Up Conversion) is one of the main issues that have arisen in recent years ... more Video FRUC (Frame Rate Up Conversion) is one of the main issues that have arisen in recent years with the explosive growth of video sources and display formats in consumer electronics. Most advanced FRUC algorithms adopt an efficient motion interpolation technique to determine the motion vector field of interpolated frames. But, in some application areas such as post processing in receiver side, it is necessary to evaluate how well the MCI (Motion Compensated Interpolation) frame was reconstructed. In order to achieve this aim, first, this paper introduces some cost functions to estimate the reliability of a block in the MCI frame. Then, by using these functions, this paper proposes two distortion estimation models for evaluating how much noise was produced in the MCI frame. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed estimation methods perform effectively in estimating the noises of the MCI frame.

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