Jing-huei Lee - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jing-huei Lee
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oct 1, 2005
Radiology, Nov 1, 2020
To determine whether MR spectroscopic assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens... more To determine whether MR spectroscopic assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens from suspicious breast lesions could be used to improve the diagnostic utility of FNA biopsies for the characterization of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a previously reported technique using high-spatial-resolution proton MR spectroscopy was modified and used to examine the utility of FNA biopsies in the evaluation of suspicious breast lesions. Tissue samples from 115 lesions (from 102 women; average age, 54 years) were excised by using FNA and core biopsies and were collected between September 7, 2012, and April 11, 2014. Histologic results from core biopsy specimens determined the lesions to be benign (n = 55), invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 51), invasive lobular carcinoma (n = 5), or ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 4). Measures of phosphocholine (PC), glycerophosphocholine, and choline relative to each other and to total creatine (tCr) were obtained from usable spectra. Planned comparisons among lesion groups were carried out using t test contrasts, and differences of each contrast level from zero were judged significant when the two-tailed P value was less than .05. Results: Of the 115 samples, 69 (60%) yielded no usable MR spectra. Analysis of the 46 with usable spectra found that only the difference in PC/tCr between benign and cancer lesions was statistically significant (P = .028). Conclusion: Given that 60% of FNA biopsy specimens yielded no usable spectra and that results were largely inconclusive when derived from usable spectra, the combined MR and FNA technique, as modified and implemented in this study, is of little value for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.
Biomedicines, Feb 6, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Jan 9, 2012
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful medical diagnostic tool. Unfortunately, the loud n... more Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful medical diagnostic tool. Unfortunately, the loud noise produced during scanning is unpleasant and potentially harmful to patients and may limit imaging protocol. A variety of approaches have been proposed to reduce noise exposure. Prior studies have been conducted in a sound quality chamber to aid in the development and implementation of hardware, algorithms, and procedures, which resulted in an active noise cancellation system tailored to conditions present during MRI. The active noise control system generates a secondary sound signal fed into a set of headphones worn by the patient. This system performs well during physical simulation of scanning conditions. In this study, the headphones are worn by a dummy during in-situ MRI scanning. Our specific effort is to take a selected successful experiment under simulated conditions and repeat it during live scanning to evaluate the real time performance of the system conducted in-situ. Evaluation of a common scanning sequence was conducted and the procedure adjusted to maximize the performance of the system. The sound pressure levels (SPLs) at the patient’s ear were measured with and without active control operational, and the results are compared to evaluate the active noise cancellation system’s performance during live scans.
Radiology: Imaging Cancer, 2020
To determine whether MR spectroscopic assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens... more To determine whether MR spectroscopic assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens from suspicious breast lesions could be used to improve the diagnostic utility of FNA biopsies for the characterization of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a previously reported technique using high-spatial-resolution proton MR spectroscopy was modified and used to examine the utility of FNA biopsies in the evaluation of suspicious breast lesions. Tissue samples from 115 lesions (from 102 women; average age, 54 years) were excised by using FNA and core biopsies and were collected between September 7, 2012, and April 11, 2014. Histologic results from core biopsy specimens determined the lesions to be benign (n = 55), invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 51), invasive lobular carcinoma (n = 5), or ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 4). Measures of phosphocholine (PC), glycerophosphocholine, and choline relative to each other and to total creatine (tCr) were obtained from usable spectra. Planned comparisons among lesion groups were carried out using t test contrasts, and differences of each contrast level from zero were judged significant when the two-tailed P value was less than .05. Results: Of the 115 samples, 69 (60%) yielded no usable MR spectra. Analysis of the 46 with usable spectra found that only the difference in PC/tCr between benign and cancer lesions was statistically significant (P = .028). Conclusion: Given that 60% of FNA biopsy specimens yielded no usable spectra and that results were largely inconclusive when derived from usable spectra, the combined MR and FNA technique, as modified and implemented in this study, is of little value for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.
Purpose: To quantify the acoustic noise characteristics of a 4 Tesla MRI scanner, and determine t... more Purpose: To quantify the acoustic noise characteristics of a 4 Tesla MRI scanner, and determine the effects of structural acoustics and gradient pulse excitations on the sound field so that feasible noise control measures can be developed. Materials and Methods: Acoustic noise emissions were measured in the ear and mouth locations of a typical adult. The sound pressure measurements were acquired simulta-neously with the electrical current signals of the gradient pulses. Two forms of gradient waveforms (impulsive and operating pulses) were studied. Results: The sound pressure levels (SPLs) emitted by the MRI scanner operating in echo-planar imaging (EPI) mode were in the range of 120–130 decibels. Three types of sound pressure responses were observed in the EPI sequences: 1) harmonic, 2) nonharmonic, and 3) broadband. The fre-quency-encoding gradient pulses were the most dominant and produced generally odd-number harmonics and non-harmonics. The phase-encoding gradient pulses generat...
2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2020
This research presented a new segmentation method based on fuzzy set, entropy and image fusion to... more This research presented a new segmentation method based on fuzzy set, entropy and image fusion to analyze brain tumors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using fuzzy set, one can tackle the problem of uncertainty representation in gray levels of MRIs during the segmentation process. This uncertainty in their gray levels occurred due to poor illumination of images. To resolve this issue, this study focused on fuzzification of gray levels and assignment of membership degrees based on membership functions. Each fuzzified gray level value was quantified using entropy. The proposed method generated multiple thresholds based on maximum entropy values of gray levels. These thresholds generated multiple segmented images with different features. Finally, image fusion operation was performed on multiple segmented images to highlight all the critical features of brain tumors. Fusion images were compared with the segmented images obtained from four additional methods, the multilevel threshold method, adaptive threshold method, K-means clustering algorithm and fuzzy c-means algorithm. The performance evaluation metrics indicated the effectiveness of the proposed method over these existing methods.
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2008
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) to evaluate the in viv... more Objectives: This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) to evaluate the in vivo effects of extended-release divalproex sodium on the glutamatergic system in adolescents with bipolar disorder, and to identify baseline neurochemical predictors of clinical remission. Method: Adolescents with bipolar disorder who were experiencing a manic or mixed episode (N 25) were treated with open-label, extended-release divalproex (serum levels 85–125 g/mL) and underwent H MRS scanning at baseline (before treatment) and on days 7 and 28. Healthy comparison subjects (n 15) also underwent H MRS scanning at the same time points. Glutamate (Glu) and glutamate glutamine (Glx) concentrations were measured in three voxels: anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (LVLPFC), and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (RVLPFC), and were compared between bipolar and healthy subjects. Within the bipolar subjects, Glu and Glx concentrations at baseline and each tim...
Introduction: Several investigators have hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies th... more Introduction: Several investigators have hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). This hypothesis is supported by several magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies. 1 Specifically, results of MRS studies report decreased intracellular pH values (pHi) in BD subjects, 2-6 a likely result of the expected shift toward glycolytic energy production. However, most studies found little associations with high energy phosphor compounds [i.e. ATP]. One recent study suggested that [ADP] is more strongly correlated with mitochondrial function than [ATP]. 7 This work utilized 3D 31 P MRS to measure pHi and [ADP] in vivo in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of BD subjects in an effort to examine whether the bioenergetics of this region are in congress with the theory of mitochondrial dysfunction. The results show that both pHi and [ADP] were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in manic BD subjects relative to healthy co...
Molecular Psychiatry, 2010
We examined sustained attention deficits in bipolar disorder and associated changes in brain acti... more We examined sustained attention deficits in bipolar disorder and associated changes in brain activation assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We hypothesized that relative to healthy participants, those with mania or mixed mania would (1) exhibit incremental decrements in sustained attention over time, (2) overactivate brain regions required for emotional processing and (3) progressively underactivate attentional regions of prefrontal cortex. Fifty participants with manic/mixed bipolar disorder (BP group) and 34 healthy comparison subjects (HC group) received an fMRI scan while performing a 15-min continuous performance task (CPT). The data were divided into three consecutive 5-min vigilance periods to analyze sustained attention. Composite brain activation maps indicated that both groups activated dorsal and ventral regions of an anterior-limbic network, but the BP group exhibited less activation over time relative to baseline. Consistent with hypotheses 1 and 2, the BP group showed a marginally greater behavioral CPT sustained attention decrement and more bilateral amygdala activation than the HC group, respectively. Instead of differential activation in prefrontal cortex over time, as predicted in hypothesis 3, the BP group progressively decreased activation in subcortical regions of striatum and thalamus relative to the HC group. These results suggest that regional activation decrements in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex accompany sustained attention decrements in both bipolar and healthy individuals. Stable amygdala overactivation across prolonged vigils may interfere with sustained attention and exacerbate attentional deficits in bipolar disorder. Differential striatal and thalamic deactivation in bipolar disorder is interpreted as a loss of amygdala (emotional brain) modulation by the ventrolateral prefrontal-subcortical circuit, which interferes with attentional maintenance.
In this paper, we evaluate two segmentation methods on 15 brain tissue structures. One is narrow ... more In this paper, we evaluate two segmentation methods on 15 brain tissue structures. One is narrow band level set method and the other is pattern classification method based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability framework. Two sets of experiments are conducted on 18 verified MRI brain data sets. Dice Similarity Index (DSI) is used to evaluate the closeness between our
Brain Research, 2012
Discrete jumps in knowledge, as exemplified by single-trial learning, are critical to survival. D... more Discrete jumps in knowledge, as exemplified by single-trial learning, are critical to survival. Despite its importance, however, one-trial learning remains understudied. We sought to better understand the brain activity adaptations that track punctuated changes in associative knowledge by studying visual-motor associative learning with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Human and primate neurophysiological studies of feedback-based learning indicate that performance feedback elicits high activity at first that diminishes rapidly with repeated success. Based on these findings we hypothesized a network of brain regions would track the importance of feedback, which is large early in learning and diminishes thereafter. Specifically, based on neurophysiological findings, we predicted that frontal and striatal regions would show a large activation to first trial feedback and a subsequent reduction selective to performance feedback but not stimulus cue presentation. We observed that the striatum and frontal cortex as well as several other cortical and subcortical sites exhibited this pattern. These findings match our prediction for activity in frontal and striatal regions. Furthermore, these observations support the more general hypothesis that a large network of regions participates in the associative process once the behavioral goal is definitively identified by first trial performance feedback. Activity in this network declines upon further rehearsal but only for feedback presentation. We suggest that, based on the timing of this process, these regions participate in binding together stimulus cue, motor response, and performance feedback information into an association that is used to accurately perform the task on after the first trial.
Cancers, May 21, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oct 1, 2005
Radiology, Nov 1, 2020
To determine whether MR spectroscopic assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens... more To determine whether MR spectroscopic assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens from suspicious breast lesions could be used to improve the diagnostic utility of FNA biopsies for the characterization of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a previously reported technique using high-spatial-resolution proton MR spectroscopy was modified and used to examine the utility of FNA biopsies in the evaluation of suspicious breast lesions. Tissue samples from 115 lesions (from 102 women; average age, 54 years) were excised by using FNA and core biopsies and were collected between September 7, 2012, and April 11, 2014. Histologic results from core biopsy specimens determined the lesions to be benign (n = 55), invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 51), invasive lobular carcinoma (n = 5), or ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 4). Measures of phosphocholine (PC), glycerophosphocholine, and choline relative to each other and to total creatine (tCr) were obtained from usable spectra. Planned comparisons among lesion groups were carried out using t test contrasts, and differences of each contrast level from zero were judged significant when the two-tailed P value was less than .05. Results: Of the 115 samples, 69 (60%) yielded no usable MR spectra. Analysis of the 46 with usable spectra found that only the difference in PC/tCr between benign and cancer lesions was statistically significant (P = .028). Conclusion: Given that 60% of FNA biopsy specimens yielded no usable spectra and that results were largely inconclusive when derived from usable spectra, the combined MR and FNA technique, as modified and implemented in this study, is of little value for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.
Biomedicines, Feb 6, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Jan 9, 2012
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful medical diagnostic tool. Unfortunately, the loud n... more Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful medical diagnostic tool. Unfortunately, the loud noise produced during scanning is unpleasant and potentially harmful to patients and may limit imaging protocol. A variety of approaches have been proposed to reduce noise exposure. Prior studies have been conducted in a sound quality chamber to aid in the development and implementation of hardware, algorithms, and procedures, which resulted in an active noise cancellation system tailored to conditions present during MRI. The active noise control system generates a secondary sound signal fed into a set of headphones worn by the patient. This system performs well during physical simulation of scanning conditions. In this study, the headphones are worn by a dummy during in-situ MRI scanning. Our specific effort is to take a selected successful experiment under simulated conditions and repeat it during live scanning to evaluate the real time performance of the system conducted in-situ. Evaluation of a common scanning sequence was conducted and the procedure adjusted to maximize the performance of the system. The sound pressure levels (SPLs) at the patient’s ear were measured with and without active control operational, and the results are compared to evaluate the active noise cancellation system’s performance during live scans.
Radiology: Imaging Cancer, 2020
To determine whether MR spectroscopic assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens... more To determine whether MR spectroscopic assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens from suspicious breast lesions could be used to improve the diagnostic utility of FNA biopsies for the characterization of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a previously reported technique using high-spatial-resolution proton MR spectroscopy was modified and used to examine the utility of FNA biopsies in the evaluation of suspicious breast lesions. Tissue samples from 115 lesions (from 102 women; average age, 54 years) were excised by using FNA and core biopsies and were collected between September 7, 2012, and April 11, 2014. Histologic results from core biopsy specimens determined the lesions to be benign (n = 55), invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 51), invasive lobular carcinoma (n = 5), or ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 4). Measures of phosphocholine (PC), glycerophosphocholine, and choline relative to each other and to total creatine (tCr) were obtained from usable spectra. Planned comparisons among lesion groups were carried out using t test contrasts, and differences of each contrast level from zero were judged significant when the two-tailed P value was less than .05. Results: Of the 115 samples, 69 (60%) yielded no usable MR spectra. Analysis of the 46 with usable spectra found that only the difference in PC/tCr between benign and cancer lesions was statistically significant (P = .028). Conclusion: Given that 60% of FNA biopsy specimens yielded no usable spectra and that results were largely inconclusive when derived from usable spectra, the combined MR and FNA technique, as modified and implemented in this study, is of little value for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.
Purpose: To quantify the acoustic noise characteristics of a 4 Tesla MRI scanner, and determine t... more Purpose: To quantify the acoustic noise characteristics of a 4 Tesla MRI scanner, and determine the effects of structural acoustics and gradient pulse excitations on the sound field so that feasible noise control measures can be developed. Materials and Methods: Acoustic noise emissions were measured in the ear and mouth locations of a typical adult. The sound pressure measurements were acquired simulta-neously with the electrical current signals of the gradient pulses. Two forms of gradient waveforms (impulsive and operating pulses) were studied. Results: The sound pressure levels (SPLs) emitted by the MRI scanner operating in echo-planar imaging (EPI) mode were in the range of 120–130 decibels. Three types of sound pressure responses were observed in the EPI sequences: 1) harmonic, 2) nonharmonic, and 3) broadband. The fre-quency-encoding gradient pulses were the most dominant and produced generally odd-number harmonics and non-harmonics. The phase-encoding gradient pulses generat...
2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2020
This research presented a new segmentation method based on fuzzy set, entropy and image fusion to... more This research presented a new segmentation method based on fuzzy set, entropy and image fusion to analyze brain tumors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using fuzzy set, one can tackle the problem of uncertainty representation in gray levels of MRIs during the segmentation process. This uncertainty in their gray levels occurred due to poor illumination of images. To resolve this issue, this study focused on fuzzification of gray levels and assignment of membership degrees based on membership functions. Each fuzzified gray level value was quantified using entropy. The proposed method generated multiple thresholds based on maximum entropy values of gray levels. These thresholds generated multiple segmented images with different features. Finally, image fusion operation was performed on multiple segmented images to highlight all the critical features of brain tumors. Fusion images were compared with the segmented images obtained from four additional methods, the multilevel threshold method, adaptive threshold method, K-means clustering algorithm and fuzzy c-means algorithm. The performance evaluation metrics indicated the effectiveness of the proposed method over these existing methods.
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2008
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) to evaluate the in viv... more Objectives: This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) to evaluate the in vivo effects of extended-release divalproex sodium on the glutamatergic system in adolescents with bipolar disorder, and to identify baseline neurochemical predictors of clinical remission. Method: Adolescents with bipolar disorder who were experiencing a manic or mixed episode (N 25) were treated with open-label, extended-release divalproex (serum levels 85–125 g/mL) and underwent H MRS scanning at baseline (before treatment) and on days 7 and 28. Healthy comparison subjects (n 15) also underwent H MRS scanning at the same time points. Glutamate (Glu) and glutamate glutamine (Glx) concentrations were measured in three voxels: anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (LVLPFC), and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (RVLPFC), and were compared between bipolar and healthy subjects. Within the bipolar subjects, Glu and Glx concentrations at baseline and each tim...
Introduction: Several investigators have hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies th... more Introduction: Several investigators have hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). This hypothesis is supported by several magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies. 1 Specifically, results of MRS studies report decreased intracellular pH values (pHi) in BD subjects, 2-6 a likely result of the expected shift toward glycolytic energy production. However, most studies found little associations with high energy phosphor compounds [i.e. ATP]. One recent study suggested that [ADP] is more strongly correlated with mitochondrial function than [ATP]. 7 This work utilized 3D 31 P MRS to measure pHi and [ADP] in vivo in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of BD subjects in an effort to examine whether the bioenergetics of this region are in congress with the theory of mitochondrial dysfunction. The results show that both pHi and [ADP] were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in manic BD subjects relative to healthy co...
Molecular Psychiatry, 2010
We examined sustained attention deficits in bipolar disorder and associated changes in brain acti... more We examined sustained attention deficits in bipolar disorder and associated changes in brain activation assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We hypothesized that relative to healthy participants, those with mania or mixed mania would (1) exhibit incremental decrements in sustained attention over time, (2) overactivate brain regions required for emotional processing and (3) progressively underactivate attentional regions of prefrontal cortex. Fifty participants with manic/mixed bipolar disorder (BP group) and 34 healthy comparison subjects (HC group) received an fMRI scan while performing a 15-min continuous performance task (CPT). The data were divided into three consecutive 5-min vigilance periods to analyze sustained attention. Composite brain activation maps indicated that both groups activated dorsal and ventral regions of an anterior-limbic network, but the BP group exhibited less activation over time relative to baseline. Consistent with hypotheses 1 and 2, the BP group showed a marginally greater behavioral CPT sustained attention decrement and more bilateral amygdala activation than the HC group, respectively. Instead of differential activation in prefrontal cortex over time, as predicted in hypothesis 3, the BP group progressively decreased activation in subcortical regions of striatum and thalamus relative to the HC group. These results suggest that regional activation decrements in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex accompany sustained attention decrements in both bipolar and healthy individuals. Stable amygdala overactivation across prolonged vigils may interfere with sustained attention and exacerbate attentional deficits in bipolar disorder. Differential striatal and thalamic deactivation in bipolar disorder is interpreted as a loss of amygdala (emotional brain) modulation by the ventrolateral prefrontal-subcortical circuit, which interferes with attentional maintenance.
In this paper, we evaluate two segmentation methods on 15 brain tissue structures. One is narrow ... more In this paper, we evaluate two segmentation methods on 15 brain tissue structures. One is narrow band level set method and the other is pattern classification method based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability framework. Two sets of experiments are conducted on 18 verified MRI brain data sets. Dice Similarity Index (DSI) is used to evaluate the closeness between our
Brain Research, 2012
Discrete jumps in knowledge, as exemplified by single-trial learning, are critical to survival. D... more Discrete jumps in knowledge, as exemplified by single-trial learning, are critical to survival. Despite its importance, however, one-trial learning remains understudied. We sought to better understand the brain activity adaptations that track punctuated changes in associative knowledge by studying visual-motor associative learning with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Human and primate neurophysiological studies of feedback-based learning indicate that performance feedback elicits high activity at first that diminishes rapidly with repeated success. Based on these findings we hypothesized a network of brain regions would track the importance of feedback, which is large early in learning and diminishes thereafter. Specifically, based on neurophysiological findings, we predicted that frontal and striatal regions would show a large activation to first trial feedback and a subsequent reduction selective to performance feedback but not stimulus cue presentation. We observed that the striatum and frontal cortex as well as several other cortical and subcortical sites exhibited this pattern. These findings match our prediction for activity in frontal and striatal regions. Furthermore, these observations support the more general hypothesis that a large network of regions participates in the associative process once the behavioral goal is definitively identified by first trial performance feedback. Activity in this network declines upon further rehearsal but only for feedback presentation. We suggest that, based on the timing of this process, these regions participate in binding together stimulus cue, motor response, and performance feedback information into an association that is used to accurately perform the task on after the first trial.
Cancers, May 21, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY