Jirina Száková - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jirina Száková
Pedosphere, Dec 1, 2019
Abstract The soil organic matter (SOM) plays important role in the selenium dynamics in soil. Thu... more Abstract The soil organic matter (SOM) plays important role in the selenium dynamics in soil. Thus, the potential effect of vermicompost and digestate as important sources of organic matter in soil on the selenium (Se) mobility was assessed in this study. Three soils differing in their physicochemical parameters, fluvisol, chernozem, and luvisol were chosen for the experiment. Three types of vermicomposts based on various bio-waste materials as digestate, kitchen waste with woodchips and garden bio-waste were used for their high organic matter content. Additionally, the digestate sample was applied. For a detailed evaluation of the potential effect of vermicompost application on sorption characteristics of the soils, a batch sorption experiment was performed. The results showed a predominant effect of Se species in soil where selenite was more intensively sorbed compared to selenate, regardless of the soil type and treatment. In the control samples, the soil sorption ability of selenite tended to decrease in the order fluvisol > luvisol > chernozem. However, these differences were not significant. Moreover, the effect of the ameliorative materials depends on both soil and amendment used. In fluvisol, all the amendment applications resulted in decrease of K d values whereas in chernozem this effect was observed only for the digestate-based vermicompost 1. On the contrary, increasing distribution coefficient (K d ) levels were reported in luvisol treated with digestate and the application of garden bio-waste-based vermicompost 3 tended to decrease of the K d values. The long-term effect of the amendments on the Se mobility in soils as well as the more precise investigation of the role of the individual organic matter fractions in this context remain for the further research.
Chemical Papers, 2007
The effects of lime, limestone, and zeolite addition on the availability of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in... more The effects of lime, limestone, and zeolite addition on the availability of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in three contaminated soils were investigated in a pot experiment after four vegetation periods of spring wheat, spring barley, and oat. The results showed different responses of extractable element portions to soil amendment when 0.01 mol dm−3 aqueous CaCl2 was applied as a soil extraction agent. Substantial differences were evident among the investigated elements as well as among the individual soil treatments. Except natural zeolite, the ability of ameliorative materials to redistribute cadmium and zinc from a soil solution into less mobile but labile soil fractions was observed. The lead availability was less affected and the extractability of arsenic even increased in some of the treated pots. Moreover, the availability of arsenic was more affected by different characteristics of experimental soils than by individual soil treatments. It was found that these treatments can be applied n...
Analusis, 1998
Retention of selected analytes (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) in solid residue which remains undissolve... more Retention of selected analytes (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) in solid residue which remains undissolved in 1.5% HNO 3 used as a leaching medium after classical dry ashing of ten materials (alfalfa leaves, NIST SRM 1569 Brewer's Yeast, blood meal, meat-bone meal, feather-bone meal, silage residue, litter, pond sediment, coal waste, IRM NSC-21 Industrial Compost Vitahum) was studied . The elements remaining in the residue were determined mainly by AAS after dissolution of this residue in the mixture of HF + HNO 3 . In several instances, pressurized wet digestion, alkaline fusion, stripping voltammetry and instrumental neutron activation were also applied. Increasing concentration of mineral acid in leaching medium which does not contain HF, plus increasing final volume of the solution, suppresses significantly this type of analyte losses in the majority of matrices tested. However, for industrial compost and standard reference material NIST 1569 Brewer's Yeast, application of an HF step is necessary for quantitative release of the analytes (in particular chromium) into solution.
V lokalitách s kontaminovanou půdou se zpravidla vyskytuje pouze omezený počet druhů rostlin, kte... more V lokalitách s kontaminovanou půdou se zpravidla vyskytuje pouze omezený počet druhů rostlin, které jsou na dané podmínky přizpůsobeny a jsou schopny přežít 1 . Specifickou skupinou jsou tzv. hyperakumulátory, tedy rostlinné druhy s mimořádnou schopností kumulace jednoho nebo více rizikových prvků v nadzemní biomase 2 . Penízek modravý (Thlaspi caerulescens, J. & C. Presl) je dvouletá rostlina, která se vyskytuje zejména v místech s vysokým obsahem Zn v půdě. Je považována za hyperakumulátor Zn, Cd a Ni (cit. 3 ). Hlavním faktorem hyperakumulace u tohoto druhu je dle některých autorů existence specifických přenašečů v plasmatické membráně buněk kořene 4 . V příbuzném druhu Thlaspi praecox bylo metodou PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) lokalizováno kadmium ve vakuolách, ve velkých epidermálních buňkách u okraje listů a v podstatně nižší koncentraci v epidermálních buňkách uprostřed listů 5 . Nižší koncentrace byly také stanoveny v buněčných stěnách.
Plant Soil and Environment
Using a pot experiment with slightly acidic and alkaline soils anthropogenically contaminated by ... more Using a pot experiment with slightly acidic and alkaline soils anthropogenically contaminated by As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, we assessed how the establishment of Bryum argenteum and concentrations of elements (P, Ca, Mg, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in its biomass are affected by the pH of the substrate, mobility of trace elements, and by quick lime (CaO) and superphosphate (P) additives. Over one vegetation season, in pots naturally colonised by B. argenteum, a substantially higher cover of B. argenteum was recorded on acidic soil that was heavily contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn than on alkaline soil with higher As but lower Cd, Pb, and Zn mobility. In acidic soil, the establishment of B. argenteum was substantially improved by CaO additive, which reduced the mobility of Zn and Cd, and by P additive, which improved the P nutritional status and reduced the extremely high concentrations of many elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in its biomass. Although B. argenteu...
Open Life Sciences, 2010
The effect of enhanced soil risk element contents on the uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was determi... more The effect of enhanced soil risk element contents on the uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was determined in two pot experiments. Simultaneously, transformation of arsenic and its compounds in beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) plants was investigated. The mobile fractions of elements were determined in 0.05 mol L -1 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 extracts and did not exceed 2% of total soil arsenic, 9% of total cadmium, 3% of total lead, and 8% of total zinc, respectively. Although the soils were extremely contaminated the mobile portions of the elements represented only a small fragment of the total element content. Arsenic contents in beet plants reached up to 25 mg As kg -1 in roots and 48 mg As kg -1 in leaves in the soil characterized by the highest mobile arsenic portion. Arsenic portions extractable with water and phosphate buffer from the beetroot samples did not show significant differences between the extraction agents but the extractability was affected by the arsenic concentration. Arsenic was almost quantitatively extractable from the samples with the lowest total arsenic concentration, whereas in the samples with the highest total arsenic concentration less than 25% was extractable. Arsenate was the dominant arsenic compound in the extracts (70% in phosphate buffer, 50% in water extracts). A small portion of dimethylarsinic acid, not exceeding 0.5%, was detected only in the sample growing in the soil with the highest arsenic concentration. The role of betalains (betanin, isobetanin, vulgaxanthin I and vulgaxanthin II) in transformation/detoxification of arsenic in plants was not confirmed in this experiment because the plants were able to grow in the contaminated soil without any symptoms of arsenic toxicity.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2010
This study deals with an efficiency of a low dose of citric acid soil application on phytoextract... more This study deals with an efficiency of a low dose of citric acid soil application on phytoextraction of uranium. Willow (Salix spp.) and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) were tested in this experiment with contaminated soil. The enhancing of uranium bioaccumulation was confirmed, but in contrast to previous studies, the highest quantity of uranium was accumulated in leaves. After 5 weeks of
Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2011
This paper focuses on the influence of uranium tailing piles on the contamination of their immedi... more This paper focuses on the influence of uranium tailing piles on the contamination of their immediate surroundings. The monitoring was carried out on arable land near Pribram in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. The monitored arable land is located 600 m northeast of the bottom of the piles. In addition, the high uranium (U) content in the topsoil ranged from 40 to
Acta Biotechnologica, 2002
PloS one, 2015
High Al resistance of Rumex obtusifolius together with its ability to accumulate Al has never bee... more High Al resistance of Rumex obtusifolius together with its ability to accumulate Al has never been studied in weakly acidic conditions (pH > 5.8) and is not sufficiently described in real soil conditions. The potential elucidation of the role of organic acids in plant can explain the Al tolerance mechanism. We established a pot experiment with R. obtusifolius planted in slightly acidic and alkaline soils. For the manipulation of Al availability, both soils were untreated and treated by lime and superphosphate. We determined mobile Al concentrations in soils and concentrations of Al and organic acids in organs. Al availability correlated positively to the extraction of organic acids (citric acid < oxalic acid) in soils. Monovalent Al cations were the most abundant mobile Al forms with positive charge in soils. Liming and superphosphate application were ambiguous measures for changing Al mobility in soils. Elevated transport of total Al from belowground organs into leaves was re...
Central European Journal of Biology, 2014
The Science of the total environment, 2015
The effects of lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and copper deposits on soil microbial parameters were... more The effects of lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and copper deposits on soil microbial parameters were investigated at a site exposed to contamination for over 200 years. Soil samples were collected in triplicates at 121 sites differing in contamination and soil organic carbon (SOC). Microbial biomass, respiration, dehydrogenase activity and metabolic quotient were determined and correlated with total and extractable metal concentrations in soil. The goal was to analyze complex interactions between toxic metals and microbial parameters by assessing the effect of soil organic carbon in the relationships. The effect of SOC was significant in all interactions and changed the correlations between microbial parameters and metal fractions from negative to positive. In some cases, the effect of SOC was combined with that of clay and soil pH. In the final analysis, dehydrogenase activity was negatively correlated to total metal concentrations and acetic acid extractable metals, respiration and m...
Biological trace element research, 2014
In vitro tests simulating the elements release from inhaled urban particulate matter (PM) with ar... more In vitro tests simulating the elements release from inhaled urban particulate matter (PM) with artificial lung fluids (Gamble's and Hatch's solutions) and simulated gastric and pancreatic solutions were applied for an estimation of hazardous element (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) bio-accessibility in this material. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed for the element determination in extracted solutions. The effect of the extraction agent used, extraction time, sample-to-extractant ratio, sample particle size and/or individual element properties was evaluated. Different patterns of individual elements were observed, comparing Hatch's solution vs. simulated gastric and pancreatic solutions. For Hatch's solution, a decreasing sample-to-extractant ratio in a PM size fraction of <0.063 mm resulted in increasing leached contents of all investigated elements....
Food Chemistry, 2007
A total of 29 tea samples of different origin, 13 green tea samples, 13 black tea samples, two se... more A total of 29 tea samples of different origin, 13 green tea samples, 13 black tea samples, two semi-fermented and one white tea, imported to the Czech Republic, were collected and analysed for total content of aluminium (Al) in tea leaves and tea infusions, as well as for Al compounds in these infusions. The total content of metals in tea
Partial characterization of iron binding compounds in spinach above ground biomass and difference... more Partial characterization of iron binding compounds in spinach above ground biomass and differences between binding of Cd, Zn and Fe in spinach biomass were investigated on two soils treated by sewage sludge in model pot experiment. After application of sludge to both soils, Cd and Zn accumulation in spinach biomass was increased in sludge treatments. Total Fe content in biomass
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015
Aquatic weeds are widely used as animal feed in developing countries. However, information about ... more Aquatic weeds are widely used as animal feed in developing countries. However, information about element bioavailability from these plants is lacking. A combination of an in vitro method [physiologically based extraction test (PBET)] and an in vivo feeding trial was used in this study to investigate potential element bioaccessibility and estimated bioavailability of Pistia stratiotes (PS). Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb concentrations in PS biomass, artificial gastrointestinal fluids, and rat tissues were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. PS exhibited elevated Fe, Mn, and Pb levels. The PBET revealed high bioaccessibility of all monitored elements from PS biomass. The results of the in vivo trial were inconsistent with those of the PBET, because animals fed PS exhibited low levels of essential elements in the tissues. The consumption of a PS-supplemented diet significantly decreased total Fe levels and increased the total level of accumulation of Pb in exposed animals. Significantly reduced amounts of essential elements in the intestinal walls indicated a potential disruption in nutrient gastrointestinal absorption in animals fed PS.
The uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn and potential phytoremediation efficiency of five high biomass p... more The uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn and potential phytoremediation efficiency of five high biomass producing crops, white sweetclover (Melilotus alba L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), curled mallow (Malva verticillata L.), saf- flower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) commonly used as grazing and/or energy crops was evaluated in both pot and field experiments at soils
The Scientific World Journal, 2014
Both soil organic matter and sulfur (S) can reduce or even suppress mercury (Hg) mobility and bio... more Both soil organic matter and sulfur (S) can reduce or even suppress mercury (Hg) mobility and bioavailability in soil. A batch incubation experiment was conducted with a Chernozem and a Luvisol artificially contaminated by 440 mg⋅kg −1 Hg showing wide differences in their physicochemical properties and available nutrients. The individual treatments were (i) digestate from the anaerobic fermentation of biowaste; (ii) fly ash from wood chip combustion; and (iii) ammonium sulfate, and every treatment was added with the same amount of S. The mobile Hg portion in Chernozem was highly reduced by adding digestate, even after 1 day of incubation, compared to control. Meanwhile, the outcome of these treatments was a decrease of mobile Hg forms as a function of incubation time whereas the contents of magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and phosphorus (P) were stimulated by the addition of digestate in both soils. The available calcium (Ca) contents were not affected by the digestate addition. The experiment proved digestate application as the efficient measure for fast reduction of mobile Hg at extremely contaminated soils. Moreover, the decrease of the mobile mercury portion was followed by improvement of the nutrient status of the soils.
Biological Trace Element Research, 2013
Faecal excretion is a basic means of detoxification upon ingestion of Pb-contaminated feed. In or... more Faecal excretion is a basic means of detoxification upon ingestion of Pb-contaminated feed. In order to determine a time course of Pb elimination after oral exposure to two different forms of this heavy metal (lead acetate vs. phytobound Pb), a feeding study was carried out in experimental rats using the Pb phyto-hyperaccumulator Pistia stratiotes as a model diet. The effect of starvation on Pb excretion was further studied in rats that were fed plant material. Twelve Pb doses (7 μg Pb/1 g BW) were administered orally over a 5week period. Faeces samples were collected 24 and 72 h postexposure. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and electrothermal absorption spectrometry methods were used for determination of heavy metal concentrations. Up to 53 % of ingested Pb was rapidly eliminated from the exposed rats via faeces within 24 h after exposure. Faecal excretion in exposed rats differed significantly when compared to that of the control group. Fasting before exposure reduced Pb excretion by up to 50 %. Faecal excretions of both examined Pb forms exhibited almost identical patterns. Considerable differences were revealed concerning total excretion levels; lead acetate was excreted in amount greater extent than those of phytobound Pb. Results of our study suggest that Pb forms occurring in the P. stratiotes tissues are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract to a greater extent than Pb from lead acetate. Therefore, higher portions of ingested Pb can be available for potential accumulation in tissues of exposed subjects.
International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2012
Pedosphere, Dec 1, 2019
Abstract The soil organic matter (SOM) plays important role in the selenium dynamics in soil. Thu... more Abstract The soil organic matter (SOM) plays important role in the selenium dynamics in soil. Thus, the potential effect of vermicompost and digestate as important sources of organic matter in soil on the selenium (Se) mobility was assessed in this study. Three soils differing in their physicochemical parameters, fluvisol, chernozem, and luvisol were chosen for the experiment. Three types of vermicomposts based on various bio-waste materials as digestate, kitchen waste with woodchips and garden bio-waste were used for their high organic matter content. Additionally, the digestate sample was applied. For a detailed evaluation of the potential effect of vermicompost application on sorption characteristics of the soils, a batch sorption experiment was performed. The results showed a predominant effect of Se species in soil where selenite was more intensively sorbed compared to selenate, regardless of the soil type and treatment. In the control samples, the soil sorption ability of selenite tended to decrease in the order fluvisol > luvisol > chernozem. However, these differences were not significant. Moreover, the effect of the ameliorative materials depends on both soil and amendment used. In fluvisol, all the amendment applications resulted in decrease of K d values whereas in chernozem this effect was observed only for the digestate-based vermicompost 1. On the contrary, increasing distribution coefficient (K d ) levels were reported in luvisol treated with digestate and the application of garden bio-waste-based vermicompost 3 tended to decrease of the K d values. The long-term effect of the amendments on the Se mobility in soils as well as the more precise investigation of the role of the individual organic matter fractions in this context remain for the further research.
Chemical Papers, 2007
The effects of lime, limestone, and zeolite addition on the availability of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in... more The effects of lime, limestone, and zeolite addition on the availability of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in three contaminated soils were investigated in a pot experiment after four vegetation periods of spring wheat, spring barley, and oat. The results showed different responses of extractable element portions to soil amendment when 0.01 mol dm−3 aqueous CaCl2 was applied as a soil extraction agent. Substantial differences were evident among the investigated elements as well as among the individual soil treatments. Except natural zeolite, the ability of ameliorative materials to redistribute cadmium and zinc from a soil solution into less mobile but labile soil fractions was observed. The lead availability was less affected and the extractability of arsenic even increased in some of the treated pots. Moreover, the availability of arsenic was more affected by different characteristics of experimental soils than by individual soil treatments. It was found that these treatments can be applied n...
Analusis, 1998
Retention of selected analytes (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) in solid residue which remains undissolve... more Retention of selected analytes (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) in solid residue which remains undissolved in 1.5% HNO 3 used as a leaching medium after classical dry ashing of ten materials (alfalfa leaves, NIST SRM 1569 Brewer's Yeast, blood meal, meat-bone meal, feather-bone meal, silage residue, litter, pond sediment, coal waste, IRM NSC-21 Industrial Compost Vitahum) was studied . The elements remaining in the residue were determined mainly by AAS after dissolution of this residue in the mixture of HF + HNO 3 . In several instances, pressurized wet digestion, alkaline fusion, stripping voltammetry and instrumental neutron activation were also applied. Increasing concentration of mineral acid in leaching medium which does not contain HF, plus increasing final volume of the solution, suppresses significantly this type of analyte losses in the majority of matrices tested. However, for industrial compost and standard reference material NIST 1569 Brewer's Yeast, application of an HF step is necessary for quantitative release of the analytes (in particular chromium) into solution.
V lokalitách s kontaminovanou půdou se zpravidla vyskytuje pouze omezený počet druhů rostlin, kte... more V lokalitách s kontaminovanou půdou se zpravidla vyskytuje pouze omezený počet druhů rostlin, které jsou na dané podmínky přizpůsobeny a jsou schopny přežít 1 . Specifickou skupinou jsou tzv. hyperakumulátory, tedy rostlinné druhy s mimořádnou schopností kumulace jednoho nebo více rizikových prvků v nadzemní biomase 2 . Penízek modravý (Thlaspi caerulescens, J. & C. Presl) je dvouletá rostlina, která se vyskytuje zejména v místech s vysokým obsahem Zn v půdě. Je považována za hyperakumulátor Zn, Cd a Ni (cit. 3 ). Hlavním faktorem hyperakumulace u tohoto druhu je dle některých autorů existence specifických přenašečů v plasmatické membráně buněk kořene 4 . V příbuzném druhu Thlaspi praecox bylo metodou PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) lokalizováno kadmium ve vakuolách, ve velkých epidermálních buňkách u okraje listů a v podstatně nižší koncentraci v epidermálních buňkách uprostřed listů 5 . Nižší koncentrace byly také stanoveny v buněčných stěnách.
Plant Soil and Environment
Using a pot experiment with slightly acidic and alkaline soils anthropogenically contaminated by ... more Using a pot experiment with slightly acidic and alkaline soils anthropogenically contaminated by As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, we assessed how the establishment of Bryum argenteum and concentrations of elements (P, Ca, Mg, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in its biomass are affected by the pH of the substrate, mobility of trace elements, and by quick lime (CaO) and superphosphate (P) additives. Over one vegetation season, in pots naturally colonised by B. argenteum, a substantially higher cover of B. argenteum was recorded on acidic soil that was heavily contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn than on alkaline soil with higher As but lower Cd, Pb, and Zn mobility. In acidic soil, the establishment of B. argenteum was substantially improved by CaO additive, which reduced the mobility of Zn and Cd, and by P additive, which improved the P nutritional status and reduced the extremely high concentrations of many elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in its biomass. Although B. argenteu...
Open Life Sciences, 2010
The effect of enhanced soil risk element contents on the uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was determi... more The effect of enhanced soil risk element contents on the uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was determined in two pot experiments. Simultaneously, transformation of arsenic and its compounds in beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) plants was investigated. The mobile fractions of elements were determined in 0.05 mol L -1 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 extracts and did not exceed 2% of total soil arsenic, 9% of total cadmium, 3% of total lead, and 8% of total zinc, respectively. Although the soils were extremely contaminated the mobile portions of the elements represented only a small fragment of the total element content. Arsenic contents in beet plants reached up to 25 mg As kg -1 in roots and 48 mg As kg -1 in leaves in the soil characterized by the highest mobile arsenic portion. Arsenic portions extractable with water and phosphate buffer from the beetroot samples did not show significant differences between the extraction agents but the extractability was affected by the arsenic concentration. Arsenic was almost quantitatively extractable from the samples with the lowest total arsenic concentration, whereas in the samples with the highest total arsenic concentration less than 25% was extractable. Arsenate was the dominant arsenic compound in the extracts (70% in phosphate buffer, 50% in water extracts). A small portion of dimethylarsinic acid, not exceeding 0.5%, was detected only in the sample growing in the soil with the highest arsenic concentration. The role of betalains (betanin, isobetanin, vulgaxanthin I and vulgaxanthin II) in transformation/detoxification of arsenic in plants was not confirmed in this experiment because the plants were able to grow in the contaminated soil without any symptoms of arsenic toxicity.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2010
This study deals with an efficiency of a low dose of citric acid soil application on phytoextract... more This study deals with an efficiency of a low dose of citric acid soil application on phytoextraction of uranium. Willow (Salix spp.) and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) were tested in this experiment with contaminated soil. The enhancing of uranium bioaccumulation was confirmed, but in contrast to previous studies, the highest quantity of uranium was accumulated in leaves. After 5 weeks of
Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2011
This paper focuses on the influence of uranium tailing piles on the contamination of their immedi... more This paper focuses on the influence of uranium tailing piles on the contamination of their immediate surroundings. The monitoring was carried out on arable land near Pribram in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. The monitored arable land is located 600 m northeast of the bottom of the piles. In addition, the high uranium (U) content in the topsoil ranged from 40 to
Acta Biotechnologica, 2002
PloS one, 2015
High Al resistance of Rumex obtusifolius together with its ability to accumulate Al has never bee... more High Al resistance of Rumex obtusifolius together with its ability to accumulate Al has never been studied in weakly acidic conditions (pH > 5.8) and is not sufficiently described in real soil conditions. The potential elucidation of the role of organic acids in plant can explain the Al tolerance mechanism. We established a pot experiment with R. obtusifolius planted in slightly acidic and alkaline soils. For the manipulation of Al availability, both soils were untreated and treated by lime and superphosphate. We determined mobile Al concentrations in soils and concentrations of Al and organic acids in organs. Al availability correlated positively to the extraction of organic acids (citric acid < oxalic acid) in soils. Monovalent Al cations were the most abundant mobile Al forms with positive charge in soils. Liming and superphosphate application were ambiguous measures for changing Al mobility in soils. Elevated transport of total Al from belowground organs into leaves was re...
Central European Journal of Biology, 2014
The Science of the total environment, 2015
The effects of lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and copper deposits on soil microbial parameters were... more The effects of lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and copper deposits on soil microbial parameters were investigated at a site exposed to contamination for over 200 years. Soil samples were collected in triplicates at 121 sites differing in contamination and soil organic carbon (SOC). Microbial biomass, respiration, dehydrogenase activity and metabolic quotient were determined and correlated with total and extractable metal concentrations in soil. The goal was to analyze complex interactions between toxic metals and microbial parameters by assessing the effect of soil organic carbon in the relationships. The effect of SOC was significant in all interactions and changed the correlations between microbial parameters and metal fractions from negative to positive. In some cases, the effect of SOC was combined with that of clay and soil pH. In the final analysis, dehydrogenase activity was negatively correlated to total metal concentrations and acetic acid extractable metals, respiration and m...
Biological trace element research, 2014
In vitro tests simulating the elements release from inhaled urban particulate matter (PM) with ar... more In vitro tests simulating the elements release from inhaled urban particulate matter (PM) with artificial lung fluids (Gamble's and Hatch's solutions) and simulated gastric and pancreatic solutions were applied for an estimation of hazardous element (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) bio-accessibility in this material. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed for the element determination in extracted solutions. The effect of the extraction agent used, extraction time, sample-to-extractant ratio, sample particle size and/or individual element properties was evaluated. Different patterns of individual elements were observed, comparing Hatch's solution vs. simulated gastric and pancreatic solutions. For Hatch's solution, a decreasing sample-to-extractant ratio in a PM size fraction of <0.063 mm resulted in increasing leached contents of all investigated elements....
Food Chemistry, 2007
A total of 29 tea samples of different origin, 13 green tea samples, 13 black tea samples, two se... more A total of 29 tea samples of different origin, 13 green tea samples, 13 black tea samples, two semi-fermented and one white tea, imported to the Czech Republic, were collected and analysed for total content of aluminium (Al) in tea leaves and tea infusions, as well as for Al compounds in these infusions. The total content of metals in tea
Partial characterization of iron binding compounds in spinach above ground biomass and difference... more Partial characterization of iron binding compounds in spinach above ground biomass and differences between binding of Cd, Zn and Fe in spinach biomass were investigated on two soils treated by sewage sludge in model pot experiment. After application of sludge to both soils, Cd and Zn accumulation in spinach biomass was increased in sludge treatments. Total Fe content in biomass
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015
Aquatic weeds are widely used as animal feed in developing countries. However, information about ... more Aquatic weeds are widely used as animal feed in developing countries. However, information about element bioavailability from these plants is lacking. A combination of an in vitro method [physiologically based extraction test (PBET)] and an in vivo feeding trial was used in this study to investigate potential element bioaccessibility and estimated bioavailability of Pistia stratiotes (PS). Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb concentrations in PS biomass, artificial gastrointestinal fluids, and rat tissues were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. PS exhibited elevated Fe, Mn, and Pb levels. The PBET revealed high bioaccessibility of all monitored elements from PS biomass. The results of the in vivo trial were inconsistent with those of the PBET, because animals fed PS exhibited low levels of essential elements in the tissues. The consumption of a PS-supplemented diet significantly decreased total Fe levels and increased the total level of accumulation of Pb in exposed animals. Significantly reduced amounts of essential elements in the intestinal walls indicated a potential disruption in nutrient gastrointestinal absorption in animals fed PS.
The uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn and potential phytoremediation efficiency of five high biomass p... more The uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn and potential phytoremediation efficiency of five high biomass producing crops, white sweetclover (Melilotus alba L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), curled mallow (Malva verticillata L.), saf- flower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) commonly used as grazing and/or energy crops was evaluated in both pot and field experiments at soils
The Scientific World Journal, 2014
Both soil organic matter and sulfur (S) can reduce or even suppress mercury (Hg) mobility and bio... more Both soil organic matter and sulfur (S) can reduce or even suppress mercury (Hg) mobility and bioavailability in soil. A batch incubation experiment was conducted with a Chernozem and a Luvisol artificially contaminated by 440 mg⋅kg −1 Hg showing wide differences in their physicochemical properties and available nutrients. The individual treatments were (i) digestate from the anaerobic fermentation of biowaste; (ii) fly ash from wood chip combustion; and (iii) ammonium sulfate, and every treatment was added with the same amount of S. The mobile Hg portion in Chernozem was highly reduced by adding digestate, even after 1 day of incubation, compared to control. Meanwhile, the outcome of these treatments was a decrease of mobile Hg forms as a function of incubation time whereas the contents of magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and phosphorus (P) were stimulated by the addition of digestate in both soils. The available calcium (Ca) contents were not affected by the digestate addition. The experiment proved digestate application as the efficient measure for fast reduction of mobile Hg at extremely contaminated soils. Moreover, the decrease of the mobile mercury portion was followed by improvement of the nutrient status of the soils.
Biological Trace Element Research, 2013
Faecal excretion is a basic means of detoxification upon ingestion of Pb-contaminated feed. In or... more Faecal excretion is a basic means of detoxification upon ingestion of Pb-contaminated feed. In order to determine a time course of Pb elimination after oral exposure to two different forms of this heavy metal (lead acetate vs. phytobound Pb), a feeding study was carried out in experimental rats using the Pb phyto-hyperaccumulator Pistia stratiotes as a model diet. The effect of starvation on Pb excretion was further studied in rats that were fed plant material. Twelve Pb doses (7 μg Pb/1 g BW) were administered orally over a 5week period. Faeces samples were collected 24 and 72 h postexposure. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and electrothermal absorption spectrometry methods were used for determination of heavy metal concentrations. Up to 53 % of ingested Pb was rapidly eliminated from the exposed rats via faeces within 24 h after exposure. Faecal excretion in exposed rats differed significantly when compared to that of the control group. Fasting before exposure reduced Pb excretion by up to 50 %. Faecal excretions of both examined Pb forms exhibited almost identical patterns. Considerable differences were revealed concerning total excretion levels; lead acetate was excreted in amount greater extent than those of phytobound Pb. Results of our study suggest that Pb forms occurring in the P. stratiotes tissues are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract to a greater extent than Pb from lead acetate. Therefore, higher portions of ingested Pb can be available for potential accumulation in tissues of exposed subjects.
International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2012