Jitendra Srivastava - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jitendra Srivastava

The World Bank eBooks, Mar 15, 2013

World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks, Apr 1, 2019

The World Bank eBooks, Mar 15, 2013

Looking Beyond the Horizon, 2013

The World Bank eBooks, Mar 15, 2013

of key steps. We began by selecting the four countries mentioned above as the main beneficiaries ... more of key steps. We began by selecting the four countries mentioned above as the main beneficiaries through a consultative process, with the goal of enhancing the ability of these countries to mainstream climate change adaptation into agricultural policies, programs, and investments. We then carried out activities in each country to increase awareness of the threat, to analyze potential impacts and adaptation responses, and to build capacity among client country stakeholders and World Bank staff with respect to climate change and the agricultural sector. Although climate and impact modeling were important tools for raising awareness of the threat and for understanding the breadth of potential outcomes, the greatest emphasis was placed on identifying and prioritizing practical adaptation responses. The results were presented in a detailed country report, "Reducing the Vulnerability of Country Agricultural Systems to Climate Change: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options," for each of the four client countries. Each of the country reports provides a menu of climate change adaptation options for the agriculture and water resources sectors, along with recommendations for specific adaptation actions that are tailored to distinct AEZs within each of the countries, as well as for overarching actions at the national level. The recommendations reflect the results of three interrelated activities conducted by the World Bank team in collaboration with local partners: (1) quantitative economic modeling of baseline conditions and the effects of certain adaptation options; (2) qualitative analysis conducted by the expert team of agronomists, crop modelers, and water resource experts; and (3) input from a series of participatory workshops for farmers in each of the AEZs. The results were discussed and confirmed with key stakeholders at National Dissemination and Consensus Building Conferences in each of the four countries. We further assessed the potential for each of the adaptation options to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Lessons from the four countries and an initial draft of the book were shared with representatives of the countries at a regional workshop in Istanbul, Turkey, in June 2011. We believe that a number of features of this work-taken together-make it unique. This book is one of the primary results of the regional program of analytical and advisory activities, and it contains a number of important lessons that should be of interest to policy makers, development practitioners, researchers, and farmer organizations. The full, detailed country report for each of the four countries, this volume, and related background materials are available on the program website:

World Bank eBooks, Sep 30, 1996

This country note for Uzbekistan is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information... more This country note for Uzbekistan is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the pilot countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in ECA agricultural systems. For Uzbekistan, this note was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for the National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop on reducing vulnerability to climate change in Uzbekistan’s agricultural systems, held in Tashkent in May 2010. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Uzbekistan Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR).

This country note for Azerbaijan is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information... more This country note for Azerbaijan is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for three countries in the Southern Caucasus Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation and mitigation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in Southern Caucasus agricultural systems. This note for Azerbaijan was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for a National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop, held in Baku in March 2012. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Azerbaijan Ministry of Agriculture.

This country note for Macedonia is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information ... more This country note for Macedonia is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the pilot countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in ECA agricultural systems. This note for Macedonia was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for a National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop, held in Skopje in May 2010. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Macedonian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy (...

Agricultural production is inextricably tied to climate, making agriculture one of the most clima... more Agricultural production is inextricably tied to climate, making agriculture one of the most climate-sensitive of all economic sectors. In countries such as the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia, the risks of climate change for the agricultural sector are a particularly immediate and important problem because the majority of the rural population depends either directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate impacts can therefore undermine progress that has been made in poverty reduction and adversely impact food security and economic growth in vulnerable rural areas. In order to be effective, a plan for adapting the sector to climate change must strengthen both human capital and physical capital in their capacity. The need to adapt to climate change in all sectors is now on the agenda of national governments and development partners. As a result, development partners will continue to have an important role in enhancing the adaptive capacity of the Maced...

This country note for Albania is part of series of country briefs that summarizes information rel... more This country note for Albania is part of series of country briefs that summarizes information relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development, and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the pilot countries (including Albania) participating in the Regional Program on Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in ECA Agricultural Systems. For Albania, this note was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders, and used as an engagement tool for the National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop on reducing vulnerability to climate change in Albania’s agricultural systems, held in Tirana in May 2009. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated ...

Agrobiodiversity—biological resources that directly and indirectly contribute to crop and livesto... more Agrobiodiversity—biological resources that directly and indirectly contribute to crop and livestock production—is arguably the single most important natural resource in worldwide efforts to intensify agriculture while protecting the environment. Agrobiodiversity is key to transforming agricultural systems that are currently wreaking havoc on wildlife and human health and is also essential to boosting yields to satisfy the world's growing appetite for food, fiber, and other crop and livestock products. This report highlights case studies in which modern and traditional agriculture have been successfully transformed to enhance biodiversity without sacrificing yield. Lessons learned from this review help to identify sound practices for designing and monitoring agricultural projects so that they improve rural incomes while safeguarding environmental assets, particularly biodiversity. The successful protection and deployment of biodiversity hinges on a favorable policy environment an...

This country note for Moldova is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information re... more This country note for Moldova is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the pilot countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in ECA agricultural systems. This note for Moldova was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for a National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop, held in Chisinau in October 2009. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry (MAFI).

Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank wi... more Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

This paper analyzes the economic and institutional factors affecting the appropriate roles for th... more This paper analyzes the economic and institutional factors affecting the appropriate roles for the public and private sectors in seed supply systems, it also examines the current mix of public and private sector seed activities world-wide, and traces changes in the structure and operation of national seed systems in selected industrialized and developed countries. By defining the scope for private sector involvement in seed development and supply activities as well as critical and complementary roles for the public sector in development of efficient seed systems, this paper seeks to contribute to the design of improved strategies for seed system development in developing countries and in formerly centrally planned countries.

This overview of climate change activities in the Kyrgyz Republic is part of a series of country ... more This overview of climate change activities in the Kyrgyz Republic is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio in a number of sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, water, health, energy, and transport. Recognizing the nature and significance of climate change contribution to an increase in disaster risk, the note also looks into the development partners' approaches and measures in this area. This note further provides a brief overview of the Kyrgyz Republic climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change as well as suggests potential ways forward that can help the Kyrgyz Republic mainstream climate considerations into development activities and planning and create public demand for...

Vietnam is one of the most hazard-prone countries in the East Asia and Pacific region, with droug... more Vietnam is one of the most hazard-prone countries in the East Asia and Pacific region, with droughts, severe storms, and flooding causing substantial economic and human losses. Climate change is projected to increase the impact of disasters, especially the timing, frequency, severity, and intensity of hydro-meteorological events. Vietnam’s 2015–2016 drought and associated saltwater intrusion (SWI) offer a preview of what could become the new normal, and make clear the need to take action to ensure the country’s economic and societal well-being. SWI developed into a national crisis, with close to two million people affected due to damaged livelihoods and the country seeking international help. This report takes a deeper look at the drought and SWI crisis faced by Vietnam, identifies the gaps across key sectors, and recommends the principal short and longer-term actions needed for integrated disaster risk management. The recommendations are based on global experiences in good governan...

The achievement of Competitive Grant Program (CGP) objectives depends on the quality of implement... more The achievement of Competitive Grant Program (CGP) objectives depends on the quality of implementation and the results achieved by the sub-projects. This often depends in turn on the commitment of the sub-project grantees to implement the work according to the agreed contracts and also on the thoroughness of supervision and guidance. The quality of the latter is contingent upon having available up-to-date information concerning the implementation of the sub-project. It is therefore important that sub-projects are monitored and evaluated, so that any problems encountered may be quickly resolved and lessons learned fed back into the implementation process. A first step in the design of a CGP for agricultural knowledge services is to agree within the country on broad research and extension priorities adapted to new farm systems and changing market realities. A second step is to establish a governance mechanism for receiving proposals and awarding contracts. A working Secretariat under ...

The World Bank eBooks, Mar 15, 2013

World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks, Apr 1, 2019

The World Bank eBooks, Mar 15, 2013

Looking Beyond the Horizon, 2013

The World Bank eBooks, Mar 15, 2013

of key steps. We began by selecting the four countries mentioned above as the main beneficiaries ... more of key steps. We began by selecting the four countries mentioned above as the main beneficiaries through a consultative process, with the goal of enhancing the ability of these countries to mainstream climate change adaptation into agricultural policies, programs, and investments. We then carried out activities in each country to increase awareness of the threat, to analyze potential impacts and adaptation responses, and to build capacity among client country stakeholders and World Bank staff with respect to climate change and the agricultural sector. Although climate and impact modeling were important tools for raising awareness of the threat and for understanding the breadth of potential outcomes, the greatest emphasis was placed on identifying and prioritizing practical adaptation responses. The results were presented in a detailed country report, "Reducing the Vulnerability of Country Agricultural Systems to Climate Change: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options," for each of the four client countries. Each of the country reports provides a menu of climate change adaptation options for the agriculture and water resources sectors, along with recommendations for specific adaptation actions that are tailored to distinct AEZs within each of the countries, as well as for overarching actions at the national level. The recommendations reflect the results of three interrelated activities conducted by the World Bank team in collaboration with local partners: (1) quantitative economic modeling of baseline conditions and the effects of certain adaptation options; (2) qualitative analysis conducted by the expert team of agronomists, crop modelers, and water resource experts; and (3) input from a series of participatory workshops for farmers in each of the AEZs. The results were discussed and confirmed with key stakeholders at National Dissemination and Consensus Building Conferences in each of the four countries. We further assessed the potential for each of the adaptation options to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Lessons from the four countries and an initial draft of the book were shared with representatives of the countries at a regional workshop in Istanbul, Turkey, in June 2011. We believe that a number of features of this work-taken together-make it unique. This book is one of the primary results of the regional program of analytical and advisory activities, and it contains a number of important lessons that should be of interest to policy makers, development practitioners, researchers, and farmer organizations. The full, detailed country report for each of the four countries, this volume, and related background materials are available on the program website:

World Bank eBooks, Sep 30, 1996

This country note for Uzbekistan is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information... more This country note for Uzbekistan is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the pilot countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in ECA agricultural systems. For Uzbekistan, this note was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for the National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop on reducing vulnerability to climate change in Uzbekistan’s agricultural systems, held in Tashkent in May 2010. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Uzbekistan Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR).

This country note for Azerbaijan is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information... more This country note for Azerbaijan is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for three countries in the Southern Caucasus Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation and mitigation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in Southern Caucasus agricultural systems. This note for Azerbaijan was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for a National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop, held in Baku in March 2012. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Azerbaijan Ministry of Agriculture.

This country note for Macedonia is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information ... more This country note for Macedonia is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the pilot countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in ECA agricultural systems. This note for Macedonia was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for a National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop, held in Skopje in May 2010. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Macedonian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy (...

Agricultural production is inextricably tied to climate, making agriculture one of the most clima... more Agricultural production is inextricably tied to climate, making agriculture one of the most climate-sensitive of all economic sectors. In countries such as the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia, the risks of climate change for the agricultural sector are a particularly immediate and important problem because the majority of the rural population depends either directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate impacts can therefore undermine progress that has been made in poverty reduction and adversely impact food security and economic growth in vulnerable rural areas. In order to be effective, a plan for adapting the sector to climate change must strengthen both human capital and physical capital in their capacity. The need to adapt to climate change in all sectors is now on the agenda of national governments and development partners. As a result, development partners will continue to have an important role in enhancing the adaptive capacity of the Maced...

This country note for Albania is part of series of country briefs that summarizes information rel... more This country note for Albania is part of series of country briefs that summarizes information relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development, and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the pilot countries (including Albania) participating in the Regional Program on Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in ECA Agricultural Systems. For Albania, this note was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders, and used as an engagement tool for the National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop on reducing vulnerability to climate change in Albania’s agricultural systems, held in Tirana in May 2009. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated ...

Agrobiodiversity—biological resources that directly and indirectly contribute to crop and livesto... more Agrobiodiversity—biological resources that directly and indirectly contribute to crop and livestock production—is arguably the single most important natural resource in worldwide efforts to intensify agriculture while protecting the environment. Agrobiodiversity is key to transforming agricultural systems that are currently wreaking havoc on wildlife and human health and is also essential to boosting yields to satisfy the world's growing appetite for food, fiber, and other crop and livestock products. This report highlights case studies in which modern and traditional agriculture have been successfully transformed to enhance biodiversity without sacrificing yield. Lessons learned from this review help to identify sound practices for designing and monitoring agricultural projects so that they improve rural incomes while safeguarding environmental assets, particularly biodiversity. The successful protection and deployment of biodiversity hinges on a favorable policy environment an...

This country note for Moldova is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information re... more This country note for Moldova is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the pilot countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in ECA agricultural systems. This note for Moldova was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for a National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop, held in Chisinau in October 2009. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry (MAFI).

Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank wi... more Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

This paper analyzes the economic and institutional factors affecting the appropriate roles for th... more This paper analyzes the economic and institutional factors affecting the appropriate roles for the public and private sectors in seed supply systems, it also examines the current mix of public and private sector seed activities world-wide, and traces changes in the structure and operation of national seed systems in selected industrialized and developed countries. By defining the scope for private sector involvement in seed development and supply activities as well as critical and complementary roles for the public sector in development of efficient seed systems, this paper seeks to contribute to the design of improved strategies for seed system development in developing countries and in formerly centrally planned countries.

This overview of climate change activities in the Kyrgyz Republic is part of a series of country ... more This overview of climate change activities in the Kyrgyz Republic is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio in a number of sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, water, health, energy, and transport. Recognizing the nature and significance of climate change contribution to an increase in disaster risk, the note also looks into the development partners' approaches and measures in this area. This note further provides a brief overview of the Kyrgyz Republic climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change as well as suggests potential ways forward that can help the Kyrgyz Republic mainstream climate considerations into development activities and planning and create public demand for...

Vietnam is one of the most hazard-prone countries in the East Asia and Pacific region, with droug... more Vietnam is one of the most hazard-prone countries in the East Asia and Pacific region, with droughts, severe storms, and flooding causing substantial economic and human losses. Climate change is projected to increase the impact of disasters, especially the timing, frequency, severity, and intensity of hydro-meteorological events. Vietnam’s 2015–2016 drought and associated saltwater intrusion (SWI) offer a preview of what could become the new normal, and make clear the need to take action to ensure the country’s economic and societal well-being. SWI developed into a national crisis, with close to two million people affected due to damaged livelihoods and the country seeking international help. This report takes a deeper look at the drought and SWI crisis faced by Vietnam, identifies the gaps across key sectors, and recommends the principal short and longer-term actions needed for integrated disaster risk management. The recommendations are based on global experiences in good governan...

The achievement of Competitive Grant Program (CGP) objectives depends on the quality of implement... more The achievement of Competitive Grant Program (CGP) objectives depends on the quality of implementation and the results achieved by the sub-projects. This often depends in turn on the commitment of the sub-project grantees to implement the work according to the agreed contracts and also on the thoroughness of supervision and guidance. The quality of the latter is contingent upon having available up-to-date information concerning the implementation of the sub-project. It is therefore important that sub-projects are monitored and evaluated, so that any problems encountered may be quickly resolved and lessons learned fed back into the implementation process. A first step in the design of a CGP for agricultural knowledge services is to agree within the country on broad research and extension priorities adapted to new farm systems and changing market realities. A second step is to establish a governance mechanism for receiving proposals and awarding contracts. A working Secretariat under ...