Jo Magne Ingul - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jo Magne Ingul

Research paper thumbnail of Anxiety and Social Phobia in Norwegian Adolescents : Studies of risk factors, school absenteeism and treatment effects

Research paper thumbnail of Personality Inventory for Children: a measure of biopsychosocial status in children and adolescents

The European Journal of Psychiatry, 2014

ABSTRACT -Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the discriminan... more ABSTRACT -Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the discriminant and convergent validity of the Personality Inventory for Children revised version (PIC-R) with respect to DSM-IV Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD; n = 21), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD; n = 22) and non-patient controls (NC; n = 42).

Research paper thumbnail of Sex and age-related anxiety in a community sample of Norwegian adolescents

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 2011

The first aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and DSM-related anxiety sym... more The first aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and DSM-related anxiety symptom-clusters among adolescents (13-19 years of age) in middle Norway. A second aim was to examine the developmental trajectories of anxiety symptoms for boys and girls during adolescence. In a cross-sectional study, 1,802 students in junior high schools and high schools in the Mid-Norway Health Region filled out a questionnaire (a response-rate of 77%) including the SCARED self-report form (Birmaher et al., 1997) during one school hour. In line with findings of previous studies, girls reported higher anxiety-levels than did boys. A large gender-specific increase in anxiety in 14-15-year-old girls was also found. Apart from this age-specific effect, the results indicated a general reduction in anxiety during adolescence for all symptom groups except generalized anxiety and school phobia. The high anxiety levels in girls aged 13 to 14 years implicate a need for caution by clinicians because such high anxiety levels may be mistaken for the existence of an anxiety disorder. The rapid increase in anxiety symptoms among girls in early adolescence may reflect a heightened sensitivity in this age group, and may have implications for when to implement secondary prevention programs.

Research paper thumbnail of A Randomized Controlled Trial of Individual Cognitive Therapy, Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Attentional Placebo for Adolescent Social Phobia

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2014

Very few studies have investigated the effects of individual disorder-specific treatment of socia... more Very few studies have investigated the effects of individual disorder-specific treatment of social phobia (SP) in adolescents. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of individual cognitive therapy for SP, group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBTG) and attentional placebo (AP) among adolescents with a primary diagnosis of SP. A randomized controlled design was used, and a total of 279 adolescents were assessed. Fifty-seven adolescents, between 13 and 16 years old, were allocated to individual cognitive therapy, CBTG or AP. The participants were assessed before treatment, at the end of treatment and at a 12-month follow-up using both self-report and a semi-structured interview. The individual cognitive therapy showed significant reductions in symptoms, impairment and diagnostic criteria both at the end of treatment and at the 12-month follow-up. Compared with CBTG and AP, the individual cognitive therapy group demonstrated significantly greater effects on both symptom reduction and impairment. There were no significant differences between CBTG and AP. In a direct comparison between the most commonly used treatments for adolescent SP, we found that individual therapy was the most effective, yielding better effects than both CBTG and AP.

Research paper thumbnail of Does maternal psychopathology discriminate between children with DSM-IV generalised anxiety disorder or oppositional defiant disorder? The predictive validity of maternal axis I and axis II psychopathology

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2007

What dimensions of maternal psychopathology predict internalising or externalising disorder in ch... more What dimensions of maternal psychopathology predict internalising or externalising disorder in children? We conducted a study of maternal axis I and axis II psychopathology in a group of children 8-12 years of age with Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and non-patient controls (NC). By using Multigroup Discriminant Analyses (MDA) on three groups of children (N = 85) and measures of axis I and axis II psychopathology of their mothers, we attempted to discriminate between these groups on a data driven basis. Two separate MDA were computed, one based on maternal axis I disorders, and one based on maternal axis II disorders. The results demonstrated that maternal symptomatic and personality psychopathology was differentially related to childhood anxiety or behavioural disorders. Mothers of children with ODD were characterised by more negative emotions and detached personality styles, whereas mothers of children with GAD seemed to be more somatic preoccupied, controlling and over-protective.

Research paper thumbnail of Adolescent school absenteeism: modelling social and individual risk factors

Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2012

Background: School absenteeism is a complex problem that includes risk factors associated with in... more Background: School absenteeism is a complex problem that includes risk factors associated with individual traits, socio-economic conditions, family structure, the school and society. The consequences of extensive school absenteeism can be detrimental for the youth. Method: In this exploratory study we aimed to investigate the relative importance of different risk factors on school absenteeism. We assessed 865 Norwegian high school students testing a model of school absenteeism using Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM). Results: Analysis show that on the individual level most of the measured risk factors were significantly associated with absenteeism. School absenteeism was predicted by externalising behaviour, family work and health, and school environment directly. Conclusion: The implications of the findings on school absenteeism are that it will be important to focus more on the context and co-occurrence of these problems in order to fully understand them.

Research paper thumbnail of Anxiety as a risk factor for school absenteeism: what differentiates anxious school attenders from non-attenders?

Annals of General Psychiatry, 2013

Background: Anxiety is a major risk factor for problematic school absenteeism. However, most anxi... more Background: Anxiety is a major risk factor for problematic school absenteeism. However, most anxious students attend school. What differentiates anxious attenders from non-attenders? Method: High school students (N = 865) were assigned to groups based on anxiety and absenteeism scores. These groups were then tested for differences in risk factor profiles using discriminant analysis.

Research paper thumbnail of Anxiety and Social Phobia in Norwegian Adolescents : Studies of risk factors, school absenteeism and treatment effects

Research paper thumbnail of Personality Inventory for Children: a measure of biopsychosocial status in children and adolescents

The European Journal of Psychiatry, 2014

ABSTRACT -Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the discriminan... more ABSTRACT -Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the discriminant and convergent validity of the Personality Inventory for Children revised version (PIC-R) with respect to DSM-IV Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD; n = 21), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD; n = 22) and non-patient controls (NC; n = 42).

Research paper thumbnail of Sex and age-related anxiety in a community sample of Norwegian adolescents

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 2011

The first aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and DSM-related anxiety sym... more The first aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and DSM-related anxiety symptom-clusters among adolescents (13-19 years of age) in middle Norway. A second aim was to examine the developmental trajectories of anxiety symptoms for boys and girls during adolescence. In a cross-sectional study, 1,802 students in junior high schools and high schools in the Mid-Norway Health Region filled out a questionnaire (a response-rate of 77%) including the SCARED self-report form (Birmaher et al., 1997) during one school hour. In line with findings of previous studies, girls reported higher anxiety-levels than did boys. A large gender-specific increase in anxiety in 14-15-year-old girls was also found. Apart from this age-specific effect, the results indicated a general reduction in anxiety during adolescence for all symptom groups except generalized anxiety and school phobia. The high anxiety levels in girls aged 13 to 14 years implicate a need for caution by clinicians because such high anxiety levels may be mistaken for the existence of an anxiety disorder. The rapid increase in anxiety symptoms among girls in early adolescence may reflect a heightened sensitivity in this age group, and may have implications for when to implement secondary prevention programs.

Research paper thumbnail of A Randomized Controlled Trial of Individual Cognitive Therapy, Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Attentional Placebo for Adolescent Social Phobia

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2014

Very few studies have investigated the effects of individual disorder-specific treatment of socia... more Very few studies have investigated the effects of individual disorder-specific treatment of social phobia (SP) in adolescents. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of individual cognitive therapy for SP, group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBTG) and attentional placebo (AP) among adolescents with a primary diagnosis of SP. A randomized controlled design was used, and a total of 279 adolescents were assessed. Fifty-seven adolescents, between 13 and 16 years old, were allocated to individual cognitive therapy, CBTG or AP. The participants were assessed before treatment, at the end of treatment and at a 12-month follow-up using both self-report and a semi-structured interview. The individual cognitive therapy showed significant reductions in symptoms, impairment and diagnostic criteria both at the end of treatment and at the 12-month follow-up. Compared with CBTG and AP, the individual cognitive therapy group demonstrated significantly greater effects on both symptom reduction and impairment. There were no significant differences between CBTG and AP. In a direct comparison between the most commonly used treatments for adolescent SP, we found that individual therapy was the most effective, yielding better effects than both CBTG and AP.

Research paper thumbnail of Does maternal psychopathology discriminate between children with DSM-IV generalised anxiety disorder or oppositional defiant disorder? The predictive validity of maternal axis I and axis II psychopathology

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2007

What dimensions of maternal psychopathology predict internalising or externalising disorder in ch... more What dimensions of maternal psychopathology predict internalising or externalising disorder in children? We conducted a study of maternal axis I and axis II psychopathology in a group of children 8-12 years of age with Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and non-patient controls (NC). By using Multigroup Discriminant Analyses (MDA) on three groups of children (N = 85) and measures of axis I and axis II psychopathology of their mothers, we attempted to discriminate between these groups on a data driven basis. Two separate MDA were computed, one based on maternal axis I disorders, and one based on maternal axis II disorders. The results demonstrated that maternal symptomatic and personality psychopathology was differentially related to childhood anxiety or behavioural disorders. Mothers of children with ODD were characterised by more negative emotions and detached personality styles, whereas mothers of children with GAD seemed to be more somatic preoccupied, controlling and over-protective.

Research paper thumbnail of Adolescent school absenteeism: modelling social and individual risk factors

Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2012

Background: School absenteeism is a complex problem that includes risk factors associated with in... more Background: School absenteeism is a complex problem that includes risk factors associated with individual traits, socio-economic conditions, family structure, the school and society. The consequences of extensive school absenteeism can be detrimental for the youth. Method: In this exploratory study we aimed to investigate the relative importance of different risk factors on school absenteeism. We assessed 865 Norwegian high school students testing a model of school absenteeism using Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM). Results: Analysis show that on the individual level most of the measured risk factors were significantly associated with absenteeism. School absenteeism was predicted by externalising behaviour, family work and health, and school environment directly. Conclusion: The implications of the findings on school absenteeism are that it will be important to focus more on the context and co-occurrence of these problems in order to fully understand them.

Research paper thumbnail of Anxiety as a risk factor for school absenteeism: what differentiates anxious school attenders from non-attenders?

Annals of General Psychiatry, 2013

Background: Anxiety is a major risk factor for problematic school absenteeism. However, most anxi... more Background: Anxiety is a major risk factor for problematic school absenteeism. However, most anxious students attend school. What differentiates anxious attenders from non-attenders? Method: High school students (N = 865) were assigned to groups based on anxiety and absenteeism scores. These groups were then tested for differences in risk factor profiles using discriminant analysis.