Joan Beal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Joan Beal
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Languages sometimes die out, usually because of competition from another language. For example, N... more Languages sometimes die out, usually because of competition from another language. For example, Norn, a Germanic language related to Old Norse, was introduced to Orkney and Shetland by Viking settlers, and spoken there until the eighteenth century. Its use began to decline from the fifteenth century, when Norway ceded the islands to Scotland, and Scots was increasingly used instead. When a language officially becomes ‘extinct’ is sometimes difficult to determine: for instance, many histories of English state that Cornish ‘died out’ in 1777 when the last native speaker died. However, a small number of speakers continued to use and write in the language, and by the middle of the nineteenth century a revival was in process. The revival gathered pace in the twentieth century, and, according to Ethnologue , a number of people now use it as first language, some 1,000 use it as their everyday language, and 2,000 others speak it fluently. Cornish is now recognized as an official language of the United Kingdom, and as a Minority Language within the European Union. A language can also become dead in another way. Nobody today speaks Classical Latin as spoken by Julius Caesar, or Classical Greek as spoken by Pericles, or the Old Icelandic spoken by the heroes of the Norse sagas. So Classical Latin and Classical Greek and Old Icelandic are dead languages. But, although dead, they have not died : they have changed into something else.
Language, 2002
Chs. 813 deal, by and large, with syntax. Throughout this section, there is a general move from ... more Chs. 813 deal, by and large, with syntax. Throughout this section, there is a general move from a discussion of the grammatical features which make up the sentence towards the means in which they are distinguished and interrelated in construction. Partic-ular care is taken in ...
John Benjamins Publishing Company eBooks, 2012
This paper provides an overview of the effect of what we might call the “corpus revolution” on La... more This paper provides an overview of the effect of what we might call the “corpus revolution” on Late Modern English (LModE) studies, transforming it from the “Cinderella” of historical linguistic study to the exciting and innovative field that it is today. In acknowledging what has been gained from this turn to corpora, it also discusses whether this is restricting the kinds of research questions being asked and the fields in which research takes place. More specifically, it demonstrates how phonology, which used to dominate historical language studies, has been sidelined due to the lack of searchable corpora or databases of phonological evidence from the LModE period. Finally, it outlines how a corpus of LModE phonology might be created.
Edinburgh University Press eBooks, Oct 1, 1997
Elsevier eBooks, 2006
The first linguist to recognise ‘Late Modern English’ as a separate period in the history of Engl... more The first linguist to recognise ‘Late Modern English’ as a separate period in the history of English appears to be Poutsma (1914), whose A grammar of Late Modern English was effectively a synchronic study of what, to him, was present-day English. Although Wyld (1936) saw the need for a division between ‘Early Modern English’ (1400 to mid-16th century) and the later centuries, the study of Late Modern English as a coherent period is very recent. In this article, a discussion of the external history of Late Modern English will be followed by a review of major changes in morphology and syntax, phonology and lexis.
Edinburgh University Press eBooks, Sep 15, 2020
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Sep 23, 2004
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Edinburgh University Press eBooks, Mar 7, 2012
Edinburgh University Press eBooks, Nov 26, 2010
Dialect Writing and the North of England
This chapter looks at the use of dialect in the ego-documents of the Newcastle-based engraver Tho... more This chapter looks at the use of dialect in the ego-documents of the Newcastle-based engraver Thomas Bewick (1753-1828). It begins by outlining the methodology of third-wave historical sociolinguistics and the framework of indexicality and enregisterment and how these might be applied to historical data. After a biographical account of Thomas Bewick which shows his interest in dialect and his strong attachment to Tyneside, it goes on to analyse extracts from Bewick’s correspondence and memoirs. This demonstrates how Bewick uses Northumbrian (and sometimes Scots) dialect to construct and perform identity both in his personal correspondence and in the memoir which would present his persona to posterity.
Data Collection in Sociolinguistics, 2017
Routledge eBooks, Mar 14, 2023
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Languages sometimes die out, usually because of competition from another language. For example, N... more Languages sometimes die out, usually because of competition from another language. For example, Norn, a Germanic language related to Old Norse, was introduced to Orkney and Shetland by Viking settlers, and spoken there until the eighteenth century. Its use began to decline from the fifteenth century, when Norway ceded the islands to Scotland, and Scots was increasingly used instead. When a language officially becomes ‘extinct’ is sometimes difficult to determine: for instance, many histories of English state that Cornish ‘died out’ in 1777 when the last native speaker died. However, a small number of speakers continued to use and write in the language, and by the middle of the nineteenth century a revival was in process. The revival gathered pace in the twentieth century, and, according to Ethnologue , a number of people now use it as first language, some 1,000 use it as their everyday language, and 2,000 others speak it fluently. Cornish is now recognized as an official language of the United Kingdom, and as a Minority Language within the European Union. A language can also become dead in another way. Nobody today speaks Classical Latin as spoken by Julius Caesar, or Classical Greek as spoken by Pericles, or the Old Icelandic spoken by the heroes of the Norse sagas. So Classical Latin and Classical Greek and Old Icelandic are dead languages. But, although dead, they have not died : they have changed into something else.
Language, 2002
Chs. 813 deal, by and large, with syntax. Throughout this section, there is a general move from ... more Chs. 813 deal, by and large, with syntax. Throughout this section, there is a general move from a discussion of the grammatical features which make up the sentence towards the means in which they are distinguished and interrelated in construction. Partic-ular care is taken in ...
John Benjamins Publishing Company eBooks, 2012
This paper provides an overview of the effect of what we might call the “corpus revolution” on La... more This paper provides an overview of the effect of what we might call the “corpus revolution” on Late Modern English (LModE) studies, transforming it from the “Cinderella” of historical linguistic study to the exciting and innovative field that it is today. In acknowledging what has been gained from this turn to corpora, it also discusses whether this is restricting the kinds of research questions being asked and the fields in which research takes place. More specifically, it demonstrates how phonology, which used to dominate historical language studies, has been sidelined due to the lack of searchable corpora or databases of phonological evidence from the LModE period. Finally, it outlines how a corpus of LModE phonology might be created.
Edinburgh University Press eBooks, Oct 1, 1997
Elsevier eBooks, 2006
The first linguist to recognise ‘Late Modern English’ as a separate period in the history of Engl... more The first linguist to recognise ‘Late Modern English’ as a separate period in the history of English appears to be Poutsma (1914), whose A grammar of Late Modern English was effectively a synchronic study of what, to him, was present-day English. Although Wyld (1936) saw the need for a division between ‘Early Modern English’ (1400 to mid-16th century) and the later centuries, the study of Late Modern English as a coherent period is very recent. In this article, a discussion of the external history of Late Modern English will be followed by a review of major changes in morphology and syntax, phonology and lexis.
Edinburgh University Press eBooks, Sep 15, 2020
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Sep 23, 2004
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Jun 19, 2012
Edinburgh University Press eBooks, Mar 7, 2012
Edinburgh University Press eBooks, Nov 26, 2010
Dialect Writing and the North of England
This chapter looks at the use of dialect in the ego-documents of the Newcastle-based engraver Tho... more This chapter looks at the use of dialect in the ego-documents of the Newcastle-based engraver Thomas Bewick (1753-1828). It begins by outlining the methodology of third-wave historical sociolinguistics and the framework of indexicality and enregisterment and how these might be applied to historical data. After a biographical account of Thomas Bewick which shows his interest in dialect and his strong attachment to Tyneside, it goes on to analyse extracts from Bewick’s correspondence and memoirs. This demonstrates how Bewick uses Northumbrian (and sometimes Scots) dialect to construct and perform identity both in his personal correspondence and in the memoir which would present his persona to posterity.
Data Collection in Sociolinguistics, 2017
Routledge eBooks, Mar 14, 2023