Joan Morgan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Joan Morgan
Experimental Cell Research, 1971
Bundles of microfilaments have been obtained from a fraction of homogenised amoebae cells after t... more Bundles of microfilaments have been obtained from a fraction of homogenised amoebae cells after the addition of EDTA. These bundles are made up of many single microfilaments 30 40 A in diameter. An attempt has been made to obtain the protein subunit of these microfilaments. In the detergent Sarkosyl, a subunit of sedimentation constant 2.0 • 10-I8 and mol. wt approx. 42 500 has been found. The amino acid composition of this protein is similar to that of muscle actin, plasmodium actin and microtubule subunit protein. On removing the Sarkosyl, the protein reaggregates into bundles of microfilaments like those originally formed with EDTA.
European Journal of Biochemistry, 1973
1. 30-S ribosomal subparticles from Escherichia mli were hydrolysed with ribonuclease TI, pancrea... more 1. 30-S ribosomal subparticles from Escherichia mli were hydrolysed with ribonuclease TI, pancreatic ribonuclease or micrococcal nuclease in the presence of 2 M urea, and various concentrations of magnesium and ethanol. The RNAprotein fragments produced were separated on 50l0 polyacrylamidelagarose composite gels, and fractions from these gels were subjected to protein analysis on i7.5O/, periodate-soluble polyacrylamide gels run in the detergent sarkosyl, using the technique already published. 2. A wide range of RNA * protein fragments was obtained by this procedure, each containing a few specific ribosomal proteins. The strict criteria already published for determining the specificity of the proteins in each fragment were applied. The RNAprotein fragments divide into two distinct groups, those containing some or all of proteins 57, S9, SiO, 513, Si4 and Si9, and those containing some or all of proteins S4, 55, S6, S8, Sii, Sl5, S16(i7), 518 and S20. Proteins S1, S2, 53, Si2 and 521 were not found in specific fragments. 3. The individual proteins found together in specific RNAprotein fragments are interpreted as being close neighbours in the 30-S particle. The range of fragments observed is sufficient to enable the data to be combined with Nomura's "assembly map)' and data from protein crosslinking experiments, into a preliminary three-dimensional arrangement of the proteins. I n previous papers we have described a method for the analysis of ribonucleoprotein (RNAprotein) fragments from Escherichia coli ribosomes [i], and have used this method to characterize a series of specific fragments from the 30-5 particle [2]. I n this paper we present a further series of fragments, obtained by mild nuclease digestion of the 30-S ribosome with ribonuclease TI, micrococcal nuclease or pancreatic ribonuclease. These two series of fragments account for 16 out of the 21 ribosomal proteins, and the data have been combined with the assembly map of Nashimoto et d. [3], into a preliminary threedimensional model. The protein arrangement takes account of results obtained by cross-linking of ribosomal proteins with bi-functional reagents [4,5,6], and a possible linear sequence of some of the proteins along the ribosomal RNA is also discussed. Abbreviations. RXA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymee. Ribonuclease TI (.EC 2.7.7.26) ; pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.16) ; micrococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.4.7). Definition. Azao unit is the quantity of material contained in I ml of a solution which has an absorbance of I at 260 nxn, when measured in a 1-cm path-length cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Ribosomes Radioactive and non-radioactive 30-5 ribosomal sub-particles from E. coli MRE 600 (obtained from MRE, Porton, U.K.) were prepared exactly as described previously [2], except that the isolated subparticles were kept stored at-20 "C in 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.8, 0.3 mM magnesium acetate, Containing 10-20°/0 ethanol. The ethanol was only dialysed away immediately before use in hydrolysis reactions. Separation and Analysis of RNA .Protein Fragments Radioactive 30-S ribosomes were hydrolysed with ribonuclease TI, pancreatic ribonuclease, or micrococcal nuclease (all from Sigma) for 4.5 h at room temperature. Reaction mixtures contained 8-10 ABso units of ribosomes in 0.2-0.4 ml. The hydrolysates were separated and analysed by electrophoresis on 501, polyacrylamide/0.5 agarose composite gel slabs [7], exactly as before [2]. The hydrolysis buffers contained i0 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.8, 20 mM KCI, and 2 M urea [2], with various amounts of added magnesium acetate, ethanol and enzyme, as
Drawing on the original diary of one head gardener the author argues that the Victorian head gard... more Drawing on the original diary of one head gardener the author argues that the Victorian head gardeners at English country houses were responsible for introducing today's style of gardening, equally appropriate for the country mansion or suburban villa. The book is based on a BBC radio series.
Contains an introduction describing the appearance, seasonal availability and best culinary uses ... more Contains an introduction describing the appearance, seasonal availability and best culinary uses of the available apple varieties, followed by over 60 apple recipes for soups, salads, main courses, drinks and preserves, plus additional information on the buying and storage of fresh apples.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS, Jan 25, 1972
Abbreviations. RNA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymes. T, ribonu... more Abbreviations. RNA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymes. T, ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.26); pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.16). Definition. An A,,, unit is the quantity of material contained in 1 ml of a solution which has an absorbance of 1 at 260 nm, when measured in a 1-em path length cell. tions. After grinding with alumina [a], the cell paste was extracted with 10 mM MgC1, rather than 0.1 mM, to maintain the ribosomes as 70-5 particles. These 70-5 particles were washed by spinning through 0.5 M NH4Cl, 10 mM MgCl,, 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.6 (cf. [5]), and were then dissociated into subparticles by resuspending in 50mM KC1, 0.3 mM MgCl,, 10mM Tris-HC1 p H 7.6. The subparticles were separated in a zonal rotor as before [I], and the 30-5 ribosomes precipitated with ethanol. The precipitate was dissolved in 0.3 mM magnesium acetate, 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.6, and dialysed against this buffer, or against 1 mM magnesium acetate, 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.2. Ribosomes were labelled as before [l] with 14Clabelled amino acids (CFB 104) and [3H]uridine (Radiochemical Centre, Amersham), except that isotope input was increased t o give specific activities of approximately 450 counts x min-l x pg-l for 14Clabelled protein, and 2500 counts x min-l x pg-l for [SH]RNA. Separation of RNA Protein Fragments Radioactive 30-5 ribosomes were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T, or pancreatic ribonuclease (Sigma) for 4.5 h a t room temperature, in the Vo1.29, No.3,1972
Abbreviations. RNA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymes. T, ribonu... more Abbreviations. RNA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymes. T, ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.26); pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.16). Definition. An A,,, unit is the quantity of material contained in 1 ml of a solution which has an absorbance of 1 at 260 nm, when measured in a 1-em path length cell. tions. After grinding with alumina [a], the cell paste was extracted with 10 mM MgC1, rather than 0.1 mM, to maintain the ribosomes as 70-5 particles. These 70-5 particles were washed by spinning through 0.5 M NH4Cl, 10 mM MgCl,, 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.6 (cf. [5]), and were then dissociated into subparticles by resuspending in 50mM KC1, 0.3 mM MgCl,, 10mM Tris-HC1 p H 7.6. The subparticles were separated in a zonal rotor as before [I], and the 30-5 ribosomes precipitated with ethanol. The precipitate was dissolved in 0.3 mM magnesium acetate, 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.6, and dialysed against this buffer, or against 1 mM magnesium acetate, 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.2. Ribosomes were labelled as before [l] with 14Clabelled amino acids (CFB 104) and [3H]uridine (Radiochemical Centre, Amersham), except that isotope input was increased t o give specific activities of approximately 450 counts x min-l x pg-l for 14Clabelled protein, and 2500 counts x min-l x pg-l for [SH]RNA. Separation of RNA Protein Fragments Radioactive 30-5 ribosomes were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T, or pancreatic ribonuclease (Sigma) for 4.5 h a t room temperature, in the Vo1.29, No.3,1972
Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1986
European Journal of Biochemistry, 1971
1 30S ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli were hydrolyzed with ribonuclease T1, and the ribo... more 1 30S ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli were hydrolyzed with ribonuclease T1, and the ribonucleoprotein fragments produced were fractionated on a 5% polyacrylamide/0.5% agarose composite gel. Two main breakdown products were observed corresponding in size to about 20% and 60% of the intact 30S particle. 2 Each fraction from the 5% composite gel was subjected to protein analysis on a periodatesoluble 15% polyacrylamide gel, run in the detergent Sarkosyl. The smaller ribonucleotprotein fragment was found to contain only four of the 30S ribosomal proteins, and these were present in equimolar amounts. The larger fragment had a complex protein composition; it was deficient in the four proteins contained in the smaller fragment, and was considerably enriched in the largest 30S protein. 3 The results show a striking correlation with Nomura's “assembly map” of the 30S particle.
The Journal of Garden History, 1988
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Nature New Biology, 1971
WE describe here a new approach to the determination of the three dimensional arrangement of the ... more WE describe here a new approach to the determination of the three dimensional arrangement of the proteins within the ribosome, based on controlled degradation with nuclease. We suggest that by isolating ribonucleoprotein (RNP) fragments and determining which particular proteins each fragment contains, it should eventually be possible to construct a detailed “map” of the protein arrangement. The “mapping” problem has already received attention in various laboratories. Mizushima and Norrtura1 have shown that the proteins of the E. coli 30S ribosomal subunit assemble with 16S RNA in a highly specific order. Further, the reactivity of the 30S particle towards proteolytic enzymes2 and protein-modifying reagents3 shows a striking correlation with Mizushima and Nomura's “assembly map”1, in that the first group of proteins in the assembly process seems to be protected in the completed particle.
Experimental Cell Research, 1967
Callaloo, 2006
MORGAN: Okay, let me contextualize this for you. When I started writing, there was no such thing ... more MORGAN: Okay, let me contextualize this for you. When I started writing, there was no such thing as "hip-hop journalism." I am part of that generation of writers that, for better or worse, created that as a genre and it really was a term that other people applied to our writings. When kids would come up to me and say, "Wow, I want to be a hip-hop journalist, too," I would just say, "You just need to be a good writer," because I didn't start out as a voice writing about hip-hop. I started writing about the central park jogger case, actually. I also covered the Mike Tyson trial. So, hip-hop was something I wrote about, but I didn't come in with the focus that some of the younger journalists do today with the idea of being a hip-hop writer, a hip-hop journalist, documenting the culture. I took my first music piece reluctantly, quite honestly. I didn't even really want to do the Queen Latifah piece-not anything due to Queen Latifah-but I just wasn't interested in music journalism at all. I just didn't quite see the value of being a music critic. It was just when I figured out that you could do cultural criticism like that, and hip-hop could be a way for me to write about the experiences of my generation, that I saw the value. I probably wouldn't have been able to get space in the same papers, the same publications, if I just wanted to write about young black people's experiences at that particular time, but to do it through a hip-hop artist, we could do both. So once we figured that out, this kind of journalism took place and evolved. It was two-fold-it was cultural criticism, first and foremost, and then it became this method to document the culture because there weren't that many of us, people of color, doing it. The majority of people who were writing about hip-hop in the mainstream were, you know, white Ivy League guys. So, it was me and a few others. There were people like Nelson George and Greg Tate who kind of
Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1986
European Journal of Biochemistry, 1973
1. 32P-labelled ribosomal sub-particles were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T,, under conditions wh... more 1. 32P-labelled ribosomal sub-particles were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T,, under conditions which have previously been shown to yield a specific fragment of RNA . protein ("band III"), containing only four of the 21 30-S ribosomal proteins. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a polyacrylamide gel using the methods already published, and gel fractions containing the specific RNA . protein fragment were subjected to electrophoresis on a second polyacrylamide gel, in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate to dissociate RNA and protein. Two bands of [32P]RNA were reproducibly observed, containing about 320 and 360 nucleotides, respectively.
European Journal of Biochemistry, 1973
1. 32P-labelled ribosomal sub-particles were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T,, under conditions wh... more 1. 32P-labelled ribosomal sub-particles were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T,, under conditions which have previously been shown to yield a specific fragment of RNA . protein ("band III"), containing only four of the 21 30-S ribosomal proteins. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a polyacrylamide gel using the methods already published, and gel fractions containing the specific RNA . protein fragment were subjected to electrophoresis on a second polyacrylamide gel, in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate to dissociate RNA and protein. Two bands of [32P]RNA were reproducibly observed, containing about 320 and 360 nucleotides, respectively.
Experimental Cell Research, 1971
Bundles of microfilaments have been obtained from a fraction of homogenised amoebae cells after t... more Bundles of microfilaments have been obtained from a fraction of homogenised amoebae cells after the addition of EDTA. These bundles are made up of many single microfilaments 30 40 A in diameter. An attempt has been made to obtain the protein subunit of these microfilaments. In the detergent Sarkosyl, a subunit of sedimentation constant 2.0 • 10-I8 and mol. wt approx. 42 500 has been found. The amino acid composition of this protein is similar to that of muscle actin, plasmodium actin and microtubule subunit protein. On removing the Sarkosyl, the protein reaggregates into bundles of microfilaments like those originally formed with EDTA.
European Journal of Biochemistry, 1973
1. 30-S ribosomal subparticles from Escherichia mli were hydrolysed with ribonuclease TI, pancrea... more 1. 30-S ribosomal subparticles from Escherichia mli were hydrolysed with ribonuclease TI, pancreatic ribonuclease or micrococcal nuclease in the presence of 2 M urea, and various concentrations of magnesium and ethanol. The RNAprotein fragments produced were separated on 50l0 polyacrylamidelagarose composite gels, and fractions from these gels were subjected to protein analysis on i7.5O/, periodate-soluble polyacrylamide gels run in the detergent sarkosyl, using the technique already published. 2. A wide range of RNA * protein fragments was obtained by this procedure, each containing a few specific ribosomal proteins. The strict criteria already published for determining the specificity of the proteins in each fragment were applied. The RNAprotein fragments divide into two distinct groups, those containing some or all of proteins 57, S9, SiO, 513, Si4 and Si9, and those containing some or all of proteins S4, 55, S6, S8, Sii, Sl5, S16(i7), 518 and S20. Proteins S1, S2, 53, Si2 and 521 were not found in specific fragments. 3. The individual proteins found together in specific RNAprotein fragments are interpreted as being close neighbours in the 30-S particle. The range of fragments observed is sufficient to enable the data to be combined with Nomura's "assembly map)' and data from protein crosslinking experiments, into a preliminary three-dimensional arrangement of the proteins. I n previous papers we have described a method for the analysis of ribonucleoprotein (RNAprotein) fragments from Escherichia coli ribosomes [i], and have used this method to characterize a series of specific fragments from the 30-5 particle [2]. I n this paper we present a further series of fragments, obtained by mild nuclease digestion of the 30-S ribosome with ribonuclease TI, micrococcal nuclease or pancreatic ribonuclease. These two series of fragments account for 16 out of the 21 ribosomal proteins, and the data have been combined with the assembly map of Nashimoto et d. [3], into a preliminary threedimensional model. The protein arrangement takes account of results obtained by cross-linking of ribosomal proteins with bi-functional reagents [4,5,6], and a possible linear sequence of some of the proteins along the ribosomal RNA is also discussed. Abbreviations. RXA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymee. Ribonuclease TI (.EC 2.7.7.26) ; pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.16) ; micrococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.4.7). Definition. Azao unit is the quantity of material contained in I ml of a solution which has an absorbance of I at 260 nxn, when measured in a 1-cm path-length cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Ribosomes Radioactive and non-radioactive 30-5 ribosomal sub-particles from E. coli MRE 600 (obtained from MRE, Porton, U.K.) were prepared exactly as described previously [2], except that the isolated subparticles were kept stored at-20 "C in 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.8, 0.3 mM magnesium acetate, Containing 10-20°/0 ethanol. The ethanol was only dialysed away immediately before use in hydrolysis reactions. Separation and Analysis of RNA .Protein Fragments Radioactive 30-S ribosomes were hydrolysed with ribonuclease TI, pancreatic ribonuclease, or micrococcal nuclease (all from Sigma) for 4.5 h at room temperature. Reaction mixtures contained 8-10 ABso units of ribosomes in 0.2-0.4 ml. The hydrolysates were separated and analysed by electrophoresis on 501, polyacrylamide/0.5 agarose composite gel slabs [7], exactly as before [2]. The hydrolysis buffers contained i0 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.8, 20 mM KCI, and 2 M urea [2], with various amounts of added magnesium acetate, ethanol and enzyme, as
Drawing on the original diary of one head gardener the author argues that the Victorian head gard... more Drawing on the original diary of one head gardener the author argues that the Victorian head gardeners at English country houses were responsible for introducing today's style of gardening, equally appropriate for the country mansion or suburban villa. The book is based on a BBC radio series.
Contains an introduction describing the appearance, seasonal availability and best culinary uses ... more Contains an introduction describing the appearance, seasonal availability and best culinary uses of the available apple varieties, followed by over 60 apple recipes for soups, salads, main courses, drinks and preserves, plus additional information on the buying and storage of fresh apples.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS, Jan 25, 1972
Abbreviations. RNA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymes. T, ribonu... more Abbreviations. RNA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymes. T, ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.26); pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.16). Definition. An A,,, unit is the quantity of material contained in 1 ml of a solution which has an absorbance of 1 at 260 nm, when measured in a 1-em path length cell. tions. After grinding with alumina [a], the cell paste was extracted with 10 mM MgC1, rather than 0.1 mM, to maintain the ribosomes as 70-5 particles. These 70-5 particles were washed by spinning through 0.5 M NH4Cl, 10 mM MgCl,, 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.6 (cf. [5]), and were then dissociated into subparticles by resuspending in 50mM KC1, 0.3 mM MgCl,, 10mM Tris-HC1 p H 7.6. The subparticles were separated in a zonal rotor as before [I], and the 30-5 ribosomes precipitated with ethanol. The precipitate was dissolved in 0.3 mM magnesium acetate, 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.6, and dialysed against this buffer, or against 1 mM magnesium acetate, 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.2. Ribosomes were labelled as before [l] with 14Clabelled amino acids (CFB 104) and [3H]uridine (Radiochemical Centre, Amersham), except that isotope input was increased t o give specific activities of approximately 450 counts x min-l x pg-l for 14Clabelled protein, and 2500 counts x min-l x pg-l for [SH]RNA. Separation of RNA Protein Fragments Radioactive 30-5 ribosomes were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T, or pancreatic ribonuclease (Sigma) for 4.5 h a t room temperature, in the Vo1.29, No.3,1972
Abbreviations. RNA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymes. T, ribonu... more Abbreviations. RNA * protein, ribonucleoprotein; sarkosyl, N-lauryl sarcosine. Enzymes. T, ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.26); pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.16). Definition. An A,,, unit is the quantity of material contained in 1 ml of a solution which has an absorbance of 1 at 260 nm, when measured in a 1-em path length cell. tions. After grinding with alumina [a], the cell paste was extracted with 10 mM MgC1, rather than 0.1 mM, to maintain the ribosomes as 70-5 particles. These 70-5 particles were washed by spinning through 0.5 M NH4Cl, 10 mM MgCl,, 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.6 (cf. [5]), and were then dissociated into subparticles by resuspending in 50mM KC1, 0.3 mM MgCl,, 10mM Tris-HC1 p H 7.6. The subparticles were separated in a zonal rotor as before [I], and the 30-5 ribosomes precipitated with ethanol. The precipitate was dissolved in 0.3 mM magnesium acetate, 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.6, and dialysed against this buffer, or against 1 mM magnesium acetate, 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.2. Ribosomes were labelled as before [l] with 14Clabelled amino acids (CFB 104) and [3H]uridine (Radiochemical Centre, Amersham), except that isotope input was increased t o give specific activities of approximately 450 counts x min-l x pg-l for 14Clabelled protein, and 2500 counts x min-l x pg-l for [SH]RNA. Separation of RNA Protein Fragments Radioactive 30-5 ribosomes were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T, or pancreatic ribonuclease (Sigma) for 4.5 h a t room temperature, in the Vo1.29, No.3,1972
Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1986
European Journal of Biochemistry, 1971
1 30S ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli were hydrolyzed with ribonuclease T1, and the ribo... more 1 30S ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli were hydrolyzed with ribonuclease T1, and the ribonucleoprotein fragments produced were fractionated on a 5% polyacrylamide/0.5% agarose composite gel. Two main breakdown products were observed corresponding in size to about 20% and 60% of the intact 30S particle. 2 Each fraction from the 5% composite gel was subjected to protein analysis on a periodatesoluble 15% polyacrylamide gel, run in the detergent Sarkosyl. The smaller ribonucleotprotein fragment was found to contain only four of the 30S ribosomal proteins, and these were present in equimolar amounts. The larger fragment had a complex protein composition; it was deficient in the four proteins contained in the smaller fragment, and was considerably enriched in the largest 30S protein. 3 The results show a striking correlation with Nomura's “assembly map” of the 30S particle.
The Journal of Garden History, 1988
An academic directory and search engine.
Nature New Biology, 1971
WE describe here a new approach to the determination of the three dimensional arrangement of the ... more WE describe here a new approach to the determination of the three dimensional arrangement of the proteins within the ribosome, based on controlled degradation with nuclease. We suggest that by isolating ribonucleoprotein (RNP) fragments and determining which particular proteins each fragment contains, it should eventually be possible to construct a detailed “map” of the protein arrangement. The “mapping” problem has already received attention in various laboratories. Mizushima and Norrtura1 have shown that the proteins of the E. coli 30S ribosomal subunit assemble with 16S RNA in a highly specific order. Further, the reactivity of the 30S particle towards proteolytic enzymes2 and protein-modifying reagents3 shows a striking correlation with Mizushima and Nomura's “assembly map”1, in that the first group of proteins in the assembly process seems to be protected in the completed particle.
Experimental Cell Research, 1967
Callaloo, 2006
MORGAN: Okay, let me contextualize this for you. When I started writing, there was no such thing ... more MORGAN: Okay, let me contextualize this for you. When I started writing, there was no such thing as "hip-hop journalism." I am part of that generation of writers that, for better or worse, created that as a genre and it really was a term that other people applied to our writings. When kids would come up to me and say, "Wow, I want to be a hip-hop journalist, too," I would just say, "You just need to be a good writer," because I didn't start out as a voice writing about hip-hop. I started writing about the central park jogger case, actually. I also covered the Mike Tyson trial. So, hip-hop was something I wrote about, but I didn't come in with the focus that some of the younger journalists do today with the idea of being a hip-hop writer, a hip-hop journalist, documenting the culture. I took my first music piece reluctantly, quite honestly. I didn't even really want to do the Queen Latifah piece-not anything due to Queen Latifah-but I just wasn't interested in music journalism at all. I just didn't quite see the value of being a music critic. It was just when I figured out that you could do cultural criticism like that, and hip-hop could be a way for me to write about the experiences of my generation, that I saw the value. I probably wouldn't have been able to get space in the same papers, the same publications, if I just wanted to write about young black people's experiences at that particular time, but to do it through a hip-hop artist, we could do both. So once we figured that out, this kind of journalism took place and evolved. It was two-fold-it was cultural criticism, first and foremost, and then it became this method to document the culture because there weren't that many of us, people of color, doing it. The majority of people who were writing about hip-hop in the mainstream were, you know, white Ivy League guys. So, it was me and a few others. There were people like Nelson George and Greg Tate who kind of
Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1986
European Journal of Biochemistry, 1973
1. 32P-labelled ribosomal sub-particles were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T,, under conditions wh... more 1. 32P-labelled ribosomal sub-particles were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T,, under conditions which have previously been shown to yield a specific fragment of RNA . protein ("band III"), containing only four of the 21 30-S ribosomal proteins. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a polyacrylamide gel using the methods already published, and gel fractions containing the specific RNA . protein fragment were subjected to electrophoresis on a second polyacrylamide gel, in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate to dissociate RNA and protein. Two bands of [32P]RNA were reproducibly observed, containing about 320 and 360 nucleotides, respectively.
European Journal of Biochemistry, 1973
1. 32P-labelled ribosomal sub-particles were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T,, under conditions wh... more 1. 32P-labelled ribosomal sub-particles were hydrolysed with ribonuclease T,, under conditions which have previously been shown to yield a specific fragment of RNA . protein ("band III"), containing only four of the 21 30-S ribosomal proteins. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a polyacrylamide gel using the methods already published, and gel fractions containing the specific RNA . protein fragment were subjected to electrophoresis on a second polyacrylamide gel, in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate to dissociate RNA and protein. Two bands of [32P]RNA were reproducibly observed, containing about 320 and 360 nucleotides, respectively.