Joane Parent - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Joane Parent
Veterinary Pathology, 1995
Five dogs euthanatized because of refractory seizures were found to have hematopoietic elements i... more Five dogs euthanatized because of refractory seizures were found to have hematopoietic elements in the interstitium of the choroid plexus at the level of the fourth ventricle. None of the dogs had significant hematologic or cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. The extramedullary hematopoiesis was confined to the central nervous system and consisted of megakaryocytes, immature granulocytes, and rubricytes in two dogs and of one predominant cell population in each of the other three dogs. These findings are unique, and factors possibly contributing to the formation of a hematopoietic inductive microenvironment in the choroid plexus are cytokine-neurokine homologies, locally altered vascular supply, and aberrant functioning of bone marrow-derived central nervous system macrophages.
The Immunophenotype of Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Mononuclear Cells in Dogs
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2002
Inflammatory neurologic diseases are common in dogs, but establishing a definitive diagnosis ofte... more Inflammatory neurologic diseases are common in dogs, but establishing a definitive diagnosis often is difficult. Nucleated cell number and type in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rarely are suggestive of an etiologic agent. We speculated that CSF leukocyte immunophenotyping would be a useful adjunct in the investigation of canine inflammatory neurologic diseases by yielding more specific etiologic information. The goals of this study were to establish the feasibility of flow cytometric evaluation of individual canine CSF samples and to identify the cell distribution in healthy dogs. The mononuclear cell populations of paired blood and CSF samples from 23 healthy dogs were characterized by labeling of cells with antibodies against CD4, CD8alpha, CD21, and CD14 molecules and by flow cytometric analysis of their expression. The mean proportion of CD4+ and CD21+ cells was significantly higher in blood than in the CSF (P < .002 and P < .001, respectively). In contrast, the mean proportion of CD14+ and CD8a+ cells was not significantly different between blood and CSF (P = .5 and p = .9, respectively). These findings demonstrate differences in the distribution and function of mononuclear cells in the circulating venous and subarachnoid compartments in the dog.
The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne, 2003
West Nile virus encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in 28 horses presented to the Ontario Veterinary ... more West Nile virus encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in 28 horses presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Veterinary Teaching Hospital between August 20 and October 15, 2002. The age range of affected horses was 5 months to 20 years (mean 6.9 years, median 6 years). Clinical signs were highly variable. Duration of hospitalization ranged from < 1 to 12 days (mean 5 days, median 5.4 days). Overall, 16 of the 28 (57%) horses were discharged and, of the 14 from which follow-up information was available, 13 (93%) were reported to be clinically normal 4 to 6 weeks following discharge, while the other horse had markedly improved. This pathogen is emerging as an important cause of neurological disease in Canada.
Comparison of Computed Tomography and Routine Radiography of the Tympanic Bullae in the Diagnosis of Otitis Media in the Calf
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2010
BACKGROUND Otitis media is difficult to diagnose antemortem. Case reports have described computed... more BACKGROUND Otitis media is difficult to diagnose antemortem. Case reports have described computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis, but not all cases were confirmed. HYPOTHESIS CT is a sensitive and specific imaging modality of the tympanic bullae and can be used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of otitis media. ANIMALS Sixteen Holstein calves 5-7 weeks of age were included. METHODS Prospective study. All calves were sedated with i.v. xylazine (0.05-0.15 mg/kg) for routine radiography (3 views) and CT of the tympanic bullae followed by necropsy. RESULTS Based upon necropsy findings, 10 of 16 calves were affected with otitis media, 4 unilaterally and 6 bilaterally. Imaging changes associated with otitis media included increased soft tissue opacity within the bulla, thickening of the bulla wall, enlarged bulla, and osteolysis of the bulla wall and trabeculations. The most frequent radiographic changes were lysis of trabeculations and increased soft tissue opacity, which were present in 56.3% of affected bullae. On CT, increased soft tissue opacity within the bulla was present in 93.8% of affected bullae. Sensitivity of radiography and CT was 68.8 and 93.8% and specificity was 50 and 100%, respectively. The κ value between radiography and CT with necropsy diagnosis was 0.19 for radiography, indicating poor agreement, and 0.94 for CT, indicating excellent agreement. CONCLUSION CT is more specific, more sensitive, and easier to interpret than radiography and can be used as the gold standard in the diagnosis of otitis media in the calf.
Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 2007
-Les aspects cliniques de 26 chiens suspects d'embolie fibrocartilagineuse (EFC) ont été document... more -Les aspects cliniques de 26 chiens suspects d'embolie fibrocartilagineuse (EFC) ont été documentés et confrontés avec les résultats de deux études publiées dans la littérature. La capacité de récupération à court terme de 15 de ces patients a également été évaluée sur une période de 30 jours au moyen d'un score neurologique. Nous avons constaté, comparativement aux autres études, une plus grande proportion de localisation cervicale (15,4 %) ainsi qu'une plus grande variété de formats de races lors d'EFC. Nous avons établi qu'après 30 jours, 67 % des patients se sont améliorés et 88 % des patients non ambulatoires ont retrouvé un état ambulatoire. De plus, autant les patients présentant des signes d'atteinte de la matière grise (neurone moteur inférieur-NMI) que ceux atteints à la matière blanche (neurone moteur supérieur-NMS) ont démontré des signes d'amélioration neurologique. Nous avons donc observé que la capacité de récupération d'un animal atteint d'EFC ne semble pas dépendre de son état ambulatoire initial, ni de son atteinte NMS vs NMI, quoique le faible nombre de cas ne nous permette pas d'être affirmatifs sur ces questions.
Problem-Based Feline Medicine, 2006
• Cat leans, drifts, falls or rolls to the side of the head tilt. • Rapid eyeball movement, eithe... more • Cat leans, drifts, falls or rolls to the side of the head tilt. • Rapid eyeball movement, either horizontally, vertically or rotatory. • Reluctance to walk, crouched stance, exaggerated swaying of head, poor to absent normal nystagmus. MECHANISM? • Any disease affecting the vestibular system, peripherally or centrally, results in a head tilt that may or may not be associated with vestibular ataxia and nystagmus. • Pendular (described as oscillatory) nystagmus is not vestibular in origin. It is the result of a defect in the visual pathways. It is always congenital. WHERE? • The vestibular system is affected either peripherally, in the inner ear within the petrosal bone, or centrally, within the cranial vault, in the brainstem, at the level of the rostral medulla. WHAT? • The diseases of the peripheral vestibular apparatus are the most common. They include idiopathic vestibular disease and otitis media-interna. • Involvement of the central vestibular system occurs less frequently. The meningoencephalomyelitides, including principally feline infectious peritonitis and fungal conditions, are the most common causes.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2015
Age and rate of acoustic stimulation affect peak latencies in brainstem auditory evoked responses... more Age and rate of acoustic stimulation affect peak latencies in brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) in humans. Those effects are unknown in foals. Our goals were to (1) establish reference values for BAER in foals by using 3 different stimulation protocols, (2) evaluate the effects of age and stimulation frequencies on BAER tracing in foals up to 6 months old, and (3) compare the data with BAER obtained from foals with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Thirty-nine neurologically normal foals and 16 foals with neurologic diseases. Prospective observational clinical study. BAER recorded by using 3 protocols of stimulation (11.33 repetitions per second [Hz]/70 decibel normal hearing level [dBNHL]; 11.33 Hz/90 dBNHL; 90 Hz/70 dBNHL). No effect of age was observed in normal foals (P > .005). No significant difference was observed for latencies and interpeak latencies (IPL) when comparing foals with neurologic diseases and normal foals (P > .05), but 78.6% of foals with n...
Paradoxical vestibular syndrome in a dog from western Newfoundland infected with French heartworm (Angiostrongylus vasorum)
A dog from western Newfoundland was presented with paradoxical vestibular syndrome. First-stage l... more A dog from western Newfoundland was presented with paradoxical vestibular syndrome. First-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum were detected on fecal examination. Treatment with milbemycin oxime resulted in resolution of signs. This is the first report of the spread of this parasite to western Newfoundland and of paradoxical vestibular syndrome in a dog infected with A. vasorum.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 1989
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2011
SMALL ANIMALS M yelography is a common neuroimaging technique used in the diagnosis of spinal cor... more SMALL ANIMALS M yelography is a common neuroimaging technique used in the diagnosis of spinal cord disorders in dogs and cats. Although myelography is generally believed to be a safe diagnostic procedure, several complications can occur. Complications associated with myelography in animals include deterioration of the patient' s neurologic status, penetration of the cervical spinal cord or brainstem, injection of the contrast agent into the spinal cord, vomiting, apnea, asystole, focal or generalized seizures, and death. 1-6 To minimize the neurotoxic effects associated with myelography, the ideal contrast agent should be pharmacologically inert, miscible with CSF, water soluble, and radiopaque at an isotonic concentration. 5,7,8 Metrizamide, a first-generation nonionic contrast agent, is no longer used because of the numerous adverse effects Incidence of and risk factors for seizures after myelography performed with iohexol in dogs: 503 cases (2002-2004
Investigation of the use of three electroencephalographic electrodes for long-term electroencephalographic recording in awake and sedated dogs
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2011
To compare electroencephalography (EEG) artifact associated with use of the subdermal wire electr... more To compare electroencephalography (EEG) artifact associated with use of the subdermal wire electrode (SWE), gold cup electrode (GCE), and subdermal needle electrode (SNE) over an 8-hour period in sedated and awake dogs. 6 healthy dogs. 8 EEG channels were recorded during 20-minute video-EEG recording sessions (intermittently at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours) with and without chlorpromazine sedation. Nonphysiologic artifacts were identified. Duration of artifact was summed for each channel. Number of unaffected channels (NUC) was determined. NUC was significantly affected by electrode type and sedation over time; median for SWE (2.80 channels; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 5.70 channels) was significantly different from medians for GCE (7.87 channels; 95% CI, 7.44 to 7.94 channels) and SNE (7.60 channels; 95% CI, 6.61 to 7.89 channels). After 4 hours, NUC decreased in awake dogs, regardless of electrode type. In awake dogs, duration of artifact differed significantly between SWE and GCE or SNE; medians at 8 hours were 61.55 seconds (95% CI, 21.81 to 173.65 seconds), 1.33 seconds (95% CI, 0.47 to 3.75 seconds), and 21.01 seconds (95% CI, 6.85 to 64.42 seconds), respectively. The SWE had a significant duration of artifact during recording periods &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 2 hours, compared with results for the GCE and SNE, in awake dogs. The GCE, SNE, and sedation resulted in significantly more channels unaffected by artifact. For longer recordings, caution should be exercised in selecting EEG electrodes and sedation state, although differences among electrodes may not be clinically relevant.
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 2012
Our purpose was to characterize meningeal gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance (MR) imagi... more Our purpose was to characterize meningeal gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, and to assess interobserver variability and the impact of delayed acquisition and chemical fat saturation on its conspicuity. Transverse T1-weighted FLAIR images were acquired prior to, and immediately following gadolinium injection (T0), and at 5 (T5) and 15-20 min delay (TD), with and without fat suppression, in 155 consecutive dogs imaged for suspected brain disease. The agreement on meningeal enhancement was globally substantial (κ = 0.61) and the likelihood of obtaining a definite diagnosis was significantly increased with the use of fat suppression (P ≤ 0.004). Meningeal enhancement was judged definitively present by consensus in 46 of 155 (30%) dogs. Of these, meningeal enhancement was characterized qualitatively and quantitatively in 30 dogs with a clinical diagnosis (18 inflammatory, 11 neoplastic, 1 infarct), and image sequences were compared. Meningeal enhancement was more often diffuse and leptomeningeal in animals with inflammation versus neoplasia (50% vs. 42%, and 69% vs. 48%, respectively), but significant associations were not found. Meningeal thickness and contrast ratio were higher with neoplasia (P ≤ 0.02), but results did not vary significantly between series for either group. Yet, images with fat suppression were most useful 50% of the time for definite diagnosis and/or characterization of meningeal enhancement. While delayed image acquisition following gadolinium injection does not improve characterization of meningeal enhancement in dogs, fat suppression is beneficial qualitatively.
Single Seizure, Cluster Seizures, and Status Epilepticus
The cat with seizures, circling and/or changed behavior
Problem-Based Feline Medicine, 2006
{"__content__"=>"Paradoxical vestibular syndrome in a dog from western Newfoundland infected with French heartworm.", "i"=>{"__content__"=>"(Angiostrongylus vasorum)"}}
The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 2016
A dog from western Newfoundland was presented with paradoxical vestibular syndrome. First-stage l... more A dog from western Newfoundland was presented with paradoxical vestibular syndrome. First-stage larvae ofwere detected on fecal examination. Treatment with milbemycin oxime resulted in resolution of signs. This is the first report of the spread of this parasite to western Newfoundland and of paradoxical vestibular syndrome in a dog infected with
Neurologic Examination of the Ruminant
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 2017
In this article, the neurologic examination of ruminants is reviewed. The proposed approach is si... more In this article, the neurologic examination of ruminants is reviewed. The proposed approach is simple, although thorough and methodical. The bovine veterinary practitioner should be able to efficiently assess the nervous system to rule out a primary neurologic disorder. Simple observations and procedures are suggested to allow evaluation of the nervous system. The appropriate method and interpretation are reviewed as well as the danger of misinterpretation.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 2007
-Les aspects cliniques de 26 chiens suspects d'embolie fibrocartilagineuse (EFC) ont été document... more -Les aspects cliniques de 26 chiens suspects d'embolie fibrocartilagineuse (EFC) ont été documentés et confrontés avec les résultats de deux études publiées dans la littérature. La capacité de récupération à court terme de 15 de ces patients a également été évaluée sur une période de 30 jours au moyen d'un score neurologique. Nous avons constaté, comparativement aux autres études, une plus grande proportion de localisation cervicale (15,4 %) ainsi qu'une plus grande variété de formats de races lors d'EFC. Nous avons établi qu'après 30 jours, 67 % des patients se sont améliorés et 88 % des patients non ambulatoires ont retrouvé un état ambulatoire. De plus, autant les patients présentant des signes d'atteinte de la matière grise (neurone moteur inférieur-NMI) que ceux atteints à la matière blanche (neurone moteur supérieur-NMS) ont démontré des signes d'amélioration neurologique. Nous avons donc observé que la capacité de récupération d'un animal atteint d'EFC ne semble pas dépendre de son état ambulatoire initial, ni de son atteinte NMS vs NMI, quoique le faible nombre de cas ne nous permette pas d'être affirmatifs sur ces questions.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 2008
Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was used in establishing the diagnosis in 4 cases of mal... more Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was used in establishing the diagnosis in 4 cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Sonographic and cytologic characteristics are discussed. Because of its availability and ease of use, axillary ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration can be an initial diagnostic step for suspected brachial plexus tumors. Résumé-Aspiration à l'aiguille fine guidée par échographie dans le diagnostic des tumeurs de la gaine des nerfs périphériques chez 4 chiens. L'aspiration à l'aiguille fine guidée par échographie a été utilisée pour établir le diagnostic de 4 cas de tumeurs malignes de la gaine des nerfs périphériques. Les caractéristiques échographiques et cytologiques sont présentées. À cause de sa disponibilité et de sa facilité d'utilisation, l'aspiration à l'aiguille fine par échographie axillaire peut constituer une première étape dans le diagnostic de tumeurs suspectées du plexus brachial.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, Sep 1, 2012
Epidemiological data, clinical findings, laboratory data, medical imaging, and outcomes were revi... more Epidemiological data, clinical findings, laboratory data, medical imaging, and outcomes were reviewed in 29 dairy calves with otitis media/interna. Age at admission ranged from 1 to 24 wk. The majority of calves were referred during winter. Clinical signs included drooping ear, ptosis, head tilt, abnormal nystagmus, strabismus, dysphagia, regurgitation, stiff neck, opisthotonos, facial hyperesthesia, and purulent aural discharge. Intranasal endoscopic examination of 5 animals revealed nasopharyngeal collapse in 4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in all of 7 cases. Mycoplasma bovis was cultured from all but 1 case with external ear or tympanic bullae samples (n = 12), and Mycoplasma arginini was cultured from the remaining ear sample. Radiographs of the tympanic bullae were performed in 24 calves, tomodensitometry (CT) in 3 calves and ultrasound in 4 calves. According to medical imaging techniques or necropsy, 69% of the cases were classified as chronic. Mean duration of treatment was 23.3 d. The rate of clinical recovery was 75%. Résumé-Étude rétrospective de 29 cas d'otite moyenne/interne chez les veaux laitiers. Les données épidémiologiques, les signes cliniques, les résultats de laboratoire et d'imagerie médicale et l'évolution de 29 veaux atteints d'otite moyenne/interne sont présentés. L'âge à la présentation variait de 1 à 24 semaines. La majorité des veaux ont été admis en hiver. Les signes cliniques incluaient une oreille tombante, une ptose de la paupière, une tête penchée, un nystagmus pathologique, un strabisme, de la dysphagie, des régurgitations, une raideur cervicale, de l'opisthotonos, de l'hyperesthésie faciale et une écoulements purulente de l'oreille. L'endoscopie des voies respiratoires supérieures a révélé un collapse du nasopharynx dans 4 cas sur 5. L'analyse du liquide céphalo-rachidien était anormale chez 7 veaux. Mycoplasma bovis a été isolé de tous les cas à partir d'échantillons d'oreille externe ou de bulle tympanique sauf 1 (n = 12) où Mycoplasma arginini a été isolé. La radiographie des bulles tympaniques a été réalisée sur 24 cas, la tomodensitométrie sur 3 cas et l'échographie sur 4 cas. Selon les techniques d'imagerie médicale ou la nécropsie, 69 % des cas étaient chroniques. La durée moyenne du traitement était de 23,3 jours. Le pronostic était de 75 %.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, Sep 1, 1990
Veterinary Pathology, 1995
Five dogs euthanatized because of refractory seizures were found to have hematopoietic elements i... more Five dogs euthanatized because of refractory seizures were found to have hematopoietic elements in the interstitium of the choroid plexus at the level of the fourth ventricle. None of the dogs had significant hematologic or cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. The extramedullary hematopoiesis was confined to the central nervous system and consisted of megakaryocytes, immature granulocytes, and rubricytes in two dogs and of one predominant cell population in each of the other three dogs. These findings are unique, and factors possibly contributing to the formation of a hematopoietic inductive microenvironment in the choroid plexus are cytokine-neurokine homologies, locally altered vascular supply, and aberrant functioning of bone marrow-derived central nervous system macrophages.
The Immunophenotype of Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Mononuclear Cells in Dogs
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2002
Inflammatory neurologic diseases are common in dogs, but establishing a definitive diagnosis ofte... more Inflammatory neurologic diseases are common in dogs, but establishing a definitive diagnosis often is difficult. Nucleated cell number and type in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rarely are suggestive of an etiologic agent. We speculated that CSF leukocyte immunophenotyping would be a useful adjunct in the investigation of canine inflammatory neurologic diseases by yielding more specific etiologic information. The goals of this study were to establish the feasibility of flow cytometric evaluation of individual canine CSF samples and to identify the cell distribution in healthy dogs. The mononuclear cell populations of paired blood and CSF samples from 23 healthy dogs were characterized by labeling of cells with antibodies against CD4, CD8alpha, CD21, and CD14 molecules and by flow cytometric analysis of their expression. The mean proportion of CD4+ and CD21+ cells was significantly higher in blood than in the CSF (P < .002 and P < .001, respectively). In contrast, the mean proportion of CD14+ and CD8a+ cells was not significantly different between blood and CSF (P = .5 and p = .9, respectively). These findings demonstrate differences in the distribution and function of mononuclear cells in the circulating venous and subarachnoid compartments in the dog.
The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne, 2003
West Nile virus encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in 28 horses presented to the Ontario Veterinary ... more West Nile virus encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in 28 horses presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Veterinary Teaching Hospital between August 20 and October 15, 2002. The age range of affected horses was 5 months to 20 years (mean 6.9 years, median 6 years). Clinical signs were highly variable. Duration of hospitalization ranged from < 1 to 12 days (mean 5 days, median 5.4 days). Overall, 16 of the 28 (57%) horses were discharged and, of the 14 from which follow-up information was available, 13 (93%) were reported to be clinically normal 4 to 6 weeks following discharge, while the other horse had markedly improved. This pathogen is emerging as an important cause of neurological disease in Canada.
Comparison of Computed Tomography and Routine Radiography of the Tympanic Bullae in the Diagnosis of Otitis Media in the Calf
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2010
BACKGROUND Otitis media is difficult to diagnose antemortem. Case reports have described computed... more BACKGROUND Otitis media is difficult to diagnose antemortem. Case reports have described computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis, but not all cases were confirmed. HYPOTHESIS CT is a sensitive and specific imaging modality of the tympanic bullae and can be used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of otitis media. ANIMALS Sixteen Holstein calves 5-7 weeks of age were included. METHODS Prospective study. All calves were sedated with i.v. xylazine (0.05-0.15 mg/kg) for routine radiography (3 views) and CT of the tympanic bullae followed by necropsy. RESULTS Based upon necropsy findings, 10 of 16 calves were affected with otitis media, 4 unilaterally and 6 bilaterally. Imaging changes associated with otitis media included increased soft tissue opacity within the bulla, thickening of the bulla wall, enlarged bulla, and osteolysis of the bulla wall and trabeculations. The most frequent radiographic changes were lysis of trabeculations and increased soft tissue opacity, which were present in 56.3% of affected bullae. On CT, increased soft tissue opacity within the bulla was present in 93.8% of affected bullae. Sensitivity of radiography and CT was 68.8 and 93.8% and specificity was 50 and 100%, respectively. The κ value between radiography and CT with necropsy diagnosis was 0.19 for radiography, indicating poor agreement, and 0.94 for CT, indicating excellent agreement. CONCLUSION CT is more specific, more sensitive, and easier to interpret than radiography and can be used as the gold standard in the diagnosis of otitis media in the calf.
Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 2007
-Les aspects cliniques de 26 chiens suspects d'embolie fibrocartilagineuse (EFC) ont été document... more -Les aspects cliniques de 26 chiens suspects d'embolie fibrocartilagineuse (EFC) ont été documentés et confrontés avec les résultats de deux études publiées dans la littérature. La capacité de récupération à court terme de 15 de ces patients a également été évaluée sur une période de 30 jours au moyen d'un score neurologique. Nous avons constaté, comparativement aux autres études, une plus grande proportion de localisation cervicale (15,4 %) ainsi qu'une plus grande variété de formats de races lors d'EFC. Nous avons établi qu'après 30 jours, 67 % des patients se sont améliorés et 88 % des patients non ambulatoires ont retrouvé un état ambulatoire. De plus, autant les patients présentant des signes d'atteinte de la matière grise (neurone moteur inférieur-NMI) que ceux atteints à la matière blanche (neurone moteur supérieur-NMS) ont démontré des signes d'amélioration neurologique. Nous avons donc observé que la capacité de récupération d'un animal atteint d'EFC ne semble pas dépendre de son état ambulatoire initial, ni de son atteinte NMS vs NMI, quoique le faible nombre de cas ne nous permette pas d'être affirmatifs sur ces questions.
Problem-Based Feline Medicine, 2006
• Cat leans, drifts, falls or rolls to the side of the head tilt. • Rapid eyeball movement, eithe... more • Cat leans, drifts, falls or rolls to the side of the head tilt. • Rapid eyeball movement, either horizontally, vertically or rotatory. • Reluctance to walk, crouched stance, exaggerated swaying of head, poor to absent normal nystagmus. MECHANISM? • Any disease affecting the vestibular system, peripherally or centrally, results in a head tilt that may or may not be associated with vestibular ataxia and nystagmus. • Pendular (described as oscillatory) nystagmus is not vestibular in origin. It is the result of a defect in the visual pathways. It is always congenital. WHERE? • The vestibular system is affected either peripherally, in the inner ear within the petrosal bone, or centrally, within the cranial vault, in the brainstem, at the level of the rostral medulla. WHAT? • The diseases of the peripheral vestibular apparatus are the most common. They include idiopathic vestibular disease and otitis media-interna. • Involvement of the central vestibular system occurs less frequently. The meningoencephalomyelitides, including principally feline infectious peritonitis and fungal conditions, are the most common causes.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2015
Age and rate of acoustic stimulation affect peak latencies in brainstem auditory evoked responses... more Age and rate of acoustic stimulation affect peak latencies in brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) in humans. Those effects are unknown in foals. Our goals were to (1) establish reference values for BAER in foals by using 3 different stimulation protocols, (2) evaluate the effects of age and stimulation frequencies on BAER tracing in foals up to 6 months old, and (3) compare the data with BAER obtained from foals with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Thirty-nine neurologically normal foals and 16 foals with neurologic diseases. Prospective observational clinical study. BAER recorded by using 3 protocols of stimulation (11.33 repetitions per second [Hz]/70 decibel normal hearing level [dBNHL]; 11.33 Hz/90 dBNHL; 90 Hz/70 dBNHL). No effect of age was observed in normal foals (P > .005). No significant difference was observed for latencies and interpeak latencies (IPL) when comparing foals with neurologic diseases and normal foals (P > .05), but 78.6% of foals with n...
Paradoxical vestibular syndrome in a dog from western Newfoundland infected with French heartworm (Angiostrongylus vasorum)
A dog from western Newfoundland was presented with paradoxical vestibular syndrome. First-stage l... more A dog from western Newfoundland was presented with paradoxical vestibular syndrome. First-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum were detected on fecal examination. Treatment with milbemycin oxime resulted in resolution of signs. This is the first report of the spread of this parasite to western Newfoundland and of paradoxical vestibular syndrome in a dog infected with A. vasorum.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 1989
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2011
SMALL ANIMALS M yelography is a common neuroimaging technique used in the diagnosis of spinal cor... more SMALL ANIMALS M yelography is a common neuroimaging technique used in the diagnosis of spinal cord disorders in dogs and cats. Although myelography is generally believed to be a safe diagnostic procedure, several complications can occur. Complications associated with myelography in animals include deterioration of the patient' s neurologic status, penetration of the cervical spinal cord or brainstem, injection of the contrast agent into the spinal cord, vomiting, apnea, asystole, focal or generalized seizures, and death. 1-6 To minimize the neurotoxic effects associated with myelography, the ideal contrast agent should be pharmacologically inert, miscible with CSF, water soluble, and radiopaque at an isotonic concentration. 5,7,8 Metrizamide, a first-generation nonionic contrast agent, is no longer used because of the numerous adverse effects Incidence of and risk factors for seizures after myelography performed with iohexol in dogs: 503 cases (2002-2004
Investigation of the use of three electroencephalographic electrodes for long-term electroencephalographic recording in awake and sedated dogs
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2011
To compare electroencephalography (EEG) artifact associated with use of the subdermal wire electr... more To compare electroencephalography (EEG) artifact associated with use of the subdermal wire electrode (SWE), gold cup electrode (GCE), and subdermal needle electrode (SNE) over an 8-hour period in sedated and awake dogs. 6 healthy dogs. 8 EEG channels were recorded during 20-minute video-EEG recording sessions (intermittently at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours) with and without chlorpromazine sedation. Nonphysiologic artifacts were identified. Duration of artifact was summed for each channel. Number of unaffected channels (NUC) was determined. NUC was significantly affected by electrode type and sedation over time; median for SWE (2.80 channels; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 5.70 channels) was significantly different from medians for GCE (7.87 channels; 95% CI, 7.44 to 7.94 channels) and SNE (7.60 channels; 95% CI, 6.61 to 7.89 channels). After 4 hours, NUC decreased in awake dogs, regardless of electrode type. In awake dogs, duration of artifact differed significantly between SWE and GCE or SNE; medians at 8 hours were 61.55 seconds (95% CI, 21.81 to 173.65 seconds), 1.33 seconds (95% CI, 0.47 to 3.75 seconds), and 21.01 seconds (95% CI, 6.85 to 64.42 seconds), respectively. The SWE had a significant duration of artifact during recording periods &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 2 hours, compared with results for the GCE and SNE, in awake dogs. The GCE, SNE, and sedation resulted in significantly more channels unaffected by artifact. For longer recordings, caution should be exercised in selecting EEG electrodes and sedation state, although differences among electrodes may not be clinically relevant.
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 2012
Our purpose was to characterize meningeal gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance (MR) imagi... more Our purpose was to characterize meningeal gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, and to assess interobserver variability and the impact of delayed acquisition and chemical fat saturation on its conspicuity. Transverse T1-weighted FLAIR images were acquired prior to, and immediately following gadolinium injection (T0), and at 5 (T5) and 15-20 min delay (TD), with and without fat suppression, in 155 consecutive dogs imaged for suspected brain disease. The agreement on meningeal enhancement was globally substantial (κ = 0.61) and the likelihood of obtaining a definite diagnosis was significantly increased with the use of fat suppression (P ≤ 0.004). Meningeal enhancement was judged definitively present by consensus in 46 of 155 (30%) dogs. Of these, meningeal enhancement was characterized qualitatively and quantitatively in 30 dogs with a clinical diagnosis (18 inflammatory, 11 neoplastic, 1 infarct), and image sequences were compared. Meningeal enhancement was more often diffuse and leptomeningeal in animals with inflammation versus neoplasia (50% vs. 42%, and 69% vs. 48%, respectively), but significant associations were not found. Meningeal thickness and contrast ratio were higher with neoplasia (P ≤ 0.02), but results did not vary significantly between series for either group. Yet, images with fat suppression were most useful 50% of the time for definite diagnosis and/or characterization of meningeal enhancement. While delayed image acquisition following gadolinium injection does not improve characterization of meningeal enhancement in dogs, fat suppression is beneficial qualitatively.
Single Seizure, Cluster Seizures, and Status Epilepticus
The cat with seizures, circling and/or changed behavior
Problem-Based Feline Medicine, 2006
{"__content__"=>"Paradoxical vestibular syndrome in a dog from western Newfoundland infected with French heartworm.", "i"=>{"__content__"=>"(Angiostrongylus vasorum)"}}
The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 2016
A dog from western Newfoundland was presented with paradoxical vestibular syndrome. First-stage l... more A dog from western Newfoundland was presented with paradoxical vestibular syndrome. First-stage larvae ofwere detected on fecal examination. Treatment with milbemycin oxime resulted in resolution of signs. This is the first report of the spread of this parasite to western Newfoundland and of paradoxical vestibular syndrome in a dog infected with
Neurologic Examination of the Ruminant
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 2017
In this article, the neurologic examination of ruminants is reviewed. The proposed approach is si... more In this article, the neurologic examination of ruminants is reviewed. The proposed approach is simple, although thorough and methodical. The bovine veterinary practitioner should be able to efficiently assess the nervous system to rule out a primary neurologic disorder. Simple observations and procedures are suggested to allow evaluation of the nervous system. The appropriate method and interpretation are reviewed as well as the danger of misinterpretation.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 2007
-Les aspects cliniques de 26 chiens suspects d'embolie fibrocartilagineuse (EFC) ont été document... more -Les aspects cliniques de 26 chiens suspects d'embolie fibrocartilagineuse (EFC) ont été documentés et confrontés avec les résultats de deux études publiées dans la littérature. La capacité de récupération à court terme de 15 de ces patients a également été évaluée sur une période de 30 jours au moyen d'un score neurologique. Nous avons constaté, comparativement aux autres études, une plus grande proportion de localisation cervicale (15,4 %) ainsi qu'une plus grande variété de formats de races lors d'EFC. Nous avons établi qu'après 30 jours, 67 % des patients se sont améliorés et 88 % des patients non ambulatoires ont retrouvé un état ambulatoire. De plus, autant les patients présentant des signes d'atteinte de la matière grise (neurone moteur inférieur-NMI) que ceux atteints à la matière blanche (neurone moteur supérieur-NMS) ont démontré des signes d'amélioration neurologique. Nous avons donc observé que la capacité de récupération d'un animal atteint d'EFC ne semble pas dépendre de son état ambulatoire initial, ni de son atteinte NMS vs NMI, quoique le faible nombre de cas ne nous permette pas d'être affirmatifs sur ces questions.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 2008
Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was used in establishing the diagnosis in 4 cases of mal... more Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was used in establishing the diagnosis in 4 cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Sonographic and cytologic characteristics are discussed. Because of its availability and ease of use, axillary ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration can be an initial diagnostic step for suspected brachial plexus tumors. Résumé-Aspiration à l'aiguille fine guidée par échographie dans le diagnostic des tumeurs de la gaine des nerfs périphériques chez 4 chiens. L'aspiration à l'aiguille fine guidée par échographie a été utilisée pour établir le diagnostic de 4 cas de tumeurs malignes de la gaine des nerfs périphériques. Les caractéristiques échographiques et cytologiques sont présentées. À cause de sa disponibilité et de sa facilité d'utilisation, l'aspiration à l'aiguille fine par échographie axillaire peut constituer une première étape dans le diagnostic de tumeurs suspectées du plexus brachial.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, Sep 1, 2012
Epidemiological data, clinical findings, laboratory data, medical imaging, and outcomes were revi... more Epidemiological data, clinical findings, laboratory data, medical imaging, and outcomes were reviewed in 29 dairy calves with otitis media/interna. Age at admission ranged from 1 to 24 wk. The majority of calves were referred during winter. Clinical signs included drooping ear, ptosis, head tilt, abnormal nystagmus, strabismus, dysphagia, regurgitation, stiff neck, opisthotonos, facial hyperesthesia, and purulent aural discharge. Intranasal endoscopic examination of 5 animals revealed nasopharyngeal collapse in 4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in all of 7 cases. Mycoplasma bovis was cultured from all but 1 case with external ear or tympanic bullae samples (n = 12), and Mycoplasma arginini was cultured from the remaining ear sample. Radiographs of the tympanic bullae were performed in 24 calves, tomodensitometry (CT) in 3 calves and ultrasound in 4 calves. According to medical imaging techniques or necropsy, 69% of the cases were classified as chronic. Mean duration of treatment was 23.3 d. The rate of clinical recovery was 75%. Résumé-Étude rétrospective de 29 cas d'otite moyenne/interne chez les veaux laitiers. Les données épidémiologiques, les signes cliniques, les résultats de laboratoire et d'imagerie médicale et l'évolution de 29 veaux atteints d'otite moyenne/interne sont présentés. L'âge à la présentation variait de 1 à 24 semaines. La majorité des veaux ont été admis en hiver. Les signes cliniques incluaient une oreille tombante, une ptose de la paupière, une tête penchée, un nystagmus pathologique, un strabisme, de la dysphagie, des régurgitations, une raideur cervicale, de l'opisthotonos, de l'hyperesthésie faciale et une écoulements purulente de l'oreille. L'endoscopie des voies respiratoires supérieures a révélé un collapse du nasopharynx dans 4 cas sur 5. L'analyse du liquide céphalo-rachidien était anormale chez 7 veaux. Mycoplasma bovis a été isolé de tous les cas à partir d'échantillons d'oreille externe ou de bulle tympanique sauf 1 (n = 12) où Mycoplasma arginini a été isolé. La radiographie des bulles tympaniques a été réalisée sur 24 cas, la tomodensitométrie sur 3 cas et l'échographie sur 4 cas. Selon les techniques d'imagerie médicale ou la nécropsie, 69 % des cas étaient chroniques. La durée moyenne du traitement était de 23,3 jours. Le pronostic était de 75 %.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, Sep 1, 1990