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Papers by Johannes Landsheer

Adolescence, 2005

This study of male and female adolescent delinquency trajectories focuses on the prediction of la... more This study of male and female adolescent delinquency trajectories focuses on the prediction of late adolescence delinquency, based on earlier delinquency and social support. In this 3-wave longitudinal survey, 270 Dutch adolescents (113 males and 157 females) ages 12 to 14, were followed for a period of 6 years. For males, the level of delinquent activity in late adolescence strongly depends on earlier delinquent activities {R^ = .33, p < .0005). In contrast, the level of female delinquency in late adolescence is far less predictable {R^ = .18, p < .001), and could not be predicted from delinquent activities during pre and early adolescence, while support from the mother during late adolescence was associated with reduced delinquency for females. DifFerent models may be needed to explain the development of delinquency for males versus females.

Social Behavior and Personality, 2002

This study focuses on the relationship between peer-rated social competence and academic success ... more This study focuses on the relationship between peer-rated social competence and academic success among teenagers of the lowest level of Dutch general secondary education. At this educational level, an uninterested or even a mildly depreciative attitude toward academic achievements is anticipated. As a result, it is expected that the relationship between academic performance and peer-perceived social competence should be void

Adolescence, 2008

Although it is well known that during adolescence the delinquent involvement of females is consis... more Although it is well known that during adolescence the delinquent involvement of females is consistently less when compared to male involvement, it remains an important question whether the development of delinquency has a similar trajectory for both sexes. The main hypothesis tested is whether sex differences m dehnquency, specifically growth, peak age, and decline, are constant. An autoregression model in continuous time, implemented as a structural equation model, is used for the description of the development of delinquency in males and females. The data are collected in an overlapping cohort design, and both within-person and between-persons data are integrated into a single model. The result shows that the involvement with delinquency over time is different for males and females. The main difference increases up to the age of 16, and decreases thereafter. The model indicates that both sexes reach the maximum in delinquency at the same age. It is concluded that males and females differ both in their start level at age 12 and in the amount of change with age.

Plant Physiology, 2004

Male and female delinquency trajectories from pre- through middle adolescence and their continuat... more Male and female delinquency trajectories from pre- through middle adolescence and their continuation in late adolescence.

Maturitas, 2005

Het modelleren van leeftijdsafhankelijke ontwikkeling van delinquentie gedurende de adolescentie ... more Het modelleren van leeftijdsafhankelijke ontwikkeling van delinquentie gedurende de adolescentie en vroege volwassenheid met een auto-regressieve groei-curve.

Applied Psychological Measurement, 1997

SSRAT estimates two-dimensional sociometric status using rating scales to determine the five cate... more SSRAT estimates two-dimensional sociometric status using rating scales to determine the five categories of sociometric status ...

Adolescence, 1998

Although it has been widely assumed that the two domains of social and academic competence are in... more Although it has been widely assumed that the two domains of social and academic competence are independent, significant positive correlations have recently been found. The present study focused on peer judgments of social competence. Data on 157 secondary school students revealed significant negative correlations. Further analysis was based on Coleman's (1961) explanation that intellectual students are willing to work hard

Several researchers have expressed doubts as to whether ANOVA is fit to detect interaction in a f... more Several researchers have expressed doubts as to whether ANOVA is fit to detect interaction in a fixed 2 · 2 design. To study this, values of a dependent variable are created with linear construction formulae, with and without a product term. Our simulation demonstrates that when the dependent variable results from a product term, ANOVA often fails to detect a significant interaction effect, while at the same time two strong additive main effects are indicated. As a consequence, multiplicative models are rejected in favor of an additive model. Mathematically it is shown that the ANOVA results can indicate strong main effects as the result of a solely multiplicative contribution of both factors. It is recommended to abandon the fixed ANOVA model for the study of interaction effects and use a regression model with assessed level values of each independent variable instead.

Three attitudes toward delinquent activities are postulated: permissiveness toward violence, perm... more Three attitudes toward delinquent activities are postulated: permissiveness toward violence, permissiveness toward acts that result in material damage, and a strictly nonpermissive attitude. It was anticipated that each attitude would be related to a different level of delinquent activity. Questionnaires were distributed to 2,918 Dutch adolescents and young adults (ages 12 to 24 years). Youths with a strictly nonpermissive attitude showed a low and stable level of delinquent activity at every age. Adolescents permissive of causing material damage displayed an intermediate level of delinquent activity, with weak age differences, whereas youths permissive of violence revealed the greatest differences across age groups. The age-attitude interaction was similar for boys and girls although boys engaged in delinquent behavior more often.

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' attitudes toward delinquency, specifica... more The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' attitudes toward delinquency, specifically the degree to which they find norm violations acceptable in various circumstances. A total of 1,1914 Dutch youths participated: 1,046 reported having committed no crimes in the past year, 578 reported having committed only nonviolent offenses, and 290 reported having committed both violent and nonviolent offenses. It was hypothesized that, in general, delinquents would describe less severe punishments for deviants behavior, irrespective of the circumstances. This hypothesis was rejected. It was found, however, that violent delinquents were significantly more tolerant of violent behavior as compared with nondelinquents, with one important exception: when injury was inflicted on someone they knew, they were as little inclined to excuse the perpetrator as were nondelinquents. Violent delinquents discriminated most strongly between friends and strangers as both victims and perpetrators.

Quality and Quantity

This study examines two different Randomized Response methods to see whether they evoke sufficien... more This study examines two different Randomized Response methods to see whether they evoke sufficient understanding and trust, and ensure fewer evasive answers to socially sensitive questions. Two Randomized Response methods were employed by trained interviewers to study fraud: the Forced Response method, using dice, and Kuk's method, using playing cards. Respon- dents were selected from the files of the social security offices of three Dutch cities. A total of 334 respondents participated voluntarily in this study of two Randomized Response methods. Most respondents were known to have committed some form of fraud, and their answer on the Randomized Response question is validated with this information. The results indicate that subjects who have a better understanding of the Forced Response technique give more socially undesirable answers. The interviewer has a most important role establishing trust and understanding. Respondents who are less able to understand the instructions, e....

Adolescence

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' attitudes toward delinquency, specifica... more The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' attitudes toward delinquency, specifically the degree to which they find norm violations acceptable in various circumstances. A total of 1,914 Dutch youths participated: 1,046 reported having committed no crimes in the past year, 578 reported having committed only nonviolent offenses, and 290 reported having committed both violent and nonviolent offenses. It was hypothesized that, in general, delinquents would prescribe less severe punishments for deviant behavior, irrespective of the circumstances. This hypothesis was rejected. It was found, however, that violent delinquents were significantly more tolerant of violent behavior as compared with nondelinquents, with one important exception: when injury was inflicted on someone they knew, they were as little inclined to excuse the perpetrator as were nondelinquents. Violent delinquents discriminated most strongly between friends and strangers as both victims and perpetrators.

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 1998

Adolescence, 1998

Although it has been widely assumed that the two domains of social and academic competence are in... more Although it has been widely assumed that the two domains of social and academic competence are independent, significant positive correlations have recently been found. The present study focused on peer judgments of social competence. Data on 157 secondary school students revealed significant negative correlations. Further analysis was based on Coleman's (1961) explanation that intellectual students are willing to work hard at a relatively unrewarded activity. The results here confirm this view; a significant interaction effect was found for academic effort, academic subject, and academic achievement. It is argued that the contrasting correlations between academic and social competence may be explained by the various operationalizations of social competence.

Adolescence, 2005

This study of male and female adolescent delinquency trajectories focuses on the prediction of la... more This study of male and female adolescent delinquency trajectories focuses on the prediction of late adolescence delinquency, based on earlier delinquency and social support. In this 3-wave longitudinal survey, 270 Dutch adolescents (113 males and 157 females) ages 12 to 14, were followed for a period of 6 years. For males, the level of delinquent activity in late adolescence strongly depends on earlier delinquent activities {R^ = .33, p < .0005). In contrast, the level of female delinquency in late adolescence is far less predictable {R^ = .18, p < .001), and could not be predicted from delinquent activities during pre and early adolescence, while support from the mother during late adolescence was associated with reduced delinquency for females. DifFerent models may be needed to explain the development of delinquency for males versus females.

Social Behavior and Personality, 2002

This study focuses on the relationship between peer-rated social competence and academic success ... more This study focuses on the relationship between peer-rated social competence and academic success among teenagers of the lowest level of Dutch general secondary education. At this educational level, an uninterested or even a mildly depreciative attitude toward academic achievements is anticipated. As a result, it is expected that the relationship between academic performance and peer-perceived social competence should be void

Adolescence, 2008

Although it is well known that during adolescence the delinquent involvement of females is consis... more Although it is well known that during adolescence the delinquent involvement of females is consistently less when compared to male involvement, it remains an important question whether the development of delinquency has a similar trajectory for both sexes. The main hypothesis tested is whether sex differences m dehnquency, specifically growth, peak age, and decline, are constant. An autoregression model in continuous time, implemented as a structural equation model, is used for the description of the development of delinquency in males and females. The data are collected in an overlapping cohort design, and both within-person and between-persons data are integrated into a single model. The result shows that the involvement with delinquency over time is different for males and females. The main difference increases up to the age of 16, and decreases thereafter. The model indicates that both sexes reach the maximum in delinquency at the same age. It is concluded that males and females differ both in their start level at age 12 and in the amount of change with age.

Plant Physiology, 2004

Male and female delinquency trajectories from pre- through middle adolescence and their continuat... more Male and female delinquency trajectories from pre- through middle adolescence and their continuation in late adolescence.

Maturitas, 2005

Het modelleren van leeftijdsafhankelijke ontwikkeling van delinquentie gedurende de adolescentie ... more Het modelleren van leeftijdsafhankelijke ontwikkeling van delinquentie gedurende de adolescentie en vroege volwassenheid met een auto-regressieve groei-curve.

Applied Psychological Measurement, 1997

SSRAT estimates two-dimensional sociometric status using rating scales to determine the five cate... more SSRAT estimates two-dimensional sociometric status using rating scales to determine the five categories of sociometric status ...

Adolescence, 1998

Although it has been widely assumed that the two domains of social and academic competence are in... more Although it has been widely assumed that the two domains of social and academic competence are independent, significant positive correlations have recently been found. The present study focused on peer judgments of social competence. Data on 157 secondary school students revealed significant negative correlations. Further analysis was based on Coleman's (1961) explanation that intellectual students are willing to work hard

Several researchers have expressed doubts as to whether ANOVA is fit to detect interaction in a f... more Several researchers have expressed doubts as to whether ANOVA is fit to detect interaction in a fixed 2 · 2 design. To study this, values of a dependent variable are created with linear construction formulae, with and without a product term. Our simulation demonstrates that when the dependent variable results from a product term, ANOVA often fails to detect a significant interaction effect, while at the same time two strong additive main effects are indicated. As a consequence, multiplicative models are rejected in favor of an additive model. Mathematically it is shown that the ANOVA results can indicate strong main effects as the result of a solely multiplicative contribution of both factors. It is recommended to abandon the fixed ANOVA model for the study of interaction effects and use a regression model with assessed level values of each independent variable instead.

Three attitudes toward delinquent activities are postulated: permissiveness toward violence, perm... more Three attitudes toward delinquent activities are postulated: permissiveness toward violence, permissiveness toward acts that result in material damage, and a strictly nonpermissive attitude. It was anticipated that each attitude would be related to a different level of delinquent activity. Questionnaires were distributed to 2,918 Dutch adolescents and young adults (ages 12 to 24 years). Youths with a strictly nonpermissive attitude showed a low and stable level of delinquent activity at every age. Adolescents permissive of causing material damage displayed an intermediate level of delinquent activity, with weak age differences, whereas youths permissive of violence revealed the greatest differences across age groups. The age-attitude interaction was similar for boys and girls although boys engaged in delinquent behavior more often.

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' attitudes toward delinquency, specifica... more The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' attitudes toward delinquency, specifically the degree to which they find norm violations acceptable in various circumstances. A total of 1,1914 Dutch youths participated: 1,046 reported having committed no crimes in the past year, 578 reported having committed only nonviolent offenses, and 290 reported having committed both violent and nonviolent offenses. It was hypothesized that, in general, delinquents would describe less severe punishments for deviants behavior, irrespective of the circumstances. This hypothesis was rejected. It was found, however, that violent delinquents were significantly more tolerant of violent behavior as compared with nondelinquents, with one important exception: when injury was inflicted on someone they knew, they were as little inclined to excuse the perpetrator as were nondelinquents. Violent delinquents discriminated most strongly between friends and strangers as both victims and perpetrators.

Quality and Quantity

This study examines two different Randomized Response methods to see whether they evoke sufficien... more This study examines two different Randomized Response methods to see whether they evoke sufficient understanding and trust, and ensure fewer evasive answers to socially sensitive questions. Two Randomized Response methods were employed by trained interviewers to study fraud: the Forced Response method, using dice, and Kuk's method, using playing cards. Respon- dents were selected from the files of the social security offices of three Dutch cities. A total of 334 respondents participated voluntarily in this study of two Randomized Response methods. Most respondents were known to have committed some form of fraud, and their answer on the Randomized Response question is validated with this information. The results indicate that subjects who have a better understanding of the Forced Response technique give more socially undesirable answers. The interviewer has a most important role establishing trust and understanding. Respondents who are less able to understand the instructions, e....

Adolescence

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' attitudes toward delinquency, specifica... more The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' attitudes toward delinquency, specifically the degree to which they find norm violations acceptable in various circumstances. A total of 1,914 Dutch youths participated: 1,046 reported having committed no crimes in the past year, 578 reported having committed only nonviolent offenses, and 290 reported having committed both violent and nonviolent offenses. It was hypothesized that, in general, delinquents would prescribe less severe punishments for deviant behavior, irrespective of the circumstances. This hypothesis was rejected. It was found, however, that violent delinquents were significantly more tolerant of violent behavior as compared with nondelinquents, with one important exception: when injury was inflicted on someone they knew, they were as little inclined to excuse the perpetrator as were nondelinquents. Violent delinquents discriminated most strongly between friends and strangers as both victims and perpetrators.

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 1998

Adolescence, 1998

Although it has been widely assumed that the two domains of social and academic competence are in... more Although it has been widely assumed that the two domains of social and academic competence are independent, significant positive correlations have recently been found. The present study focused on peer judgments of social competence. Data on 157 secondary school students revealed significant negative correlations. Further analysis was based on Coleman's (1961) explanation that intellectual students are willing to work hard at a relatively unrewarded activity. The results here confirm this view; a significant interaction effect was found for academic effort, academic subject, and academic achievement. It is argued that the contrasting correlations between academic and social competence may be explained by the various operationalizations of social competence.