John E. Brittain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by John E. Brittain

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 1996

The objective of this work is to present a neM ', state-oflthe-urt model jtir predicting radioces... more The objective of this work is to present a neM ', state-oflthe-urt model jtir predicting radiocesium in lakes. The turget variables to model and predict are Cs concentrations in lake water and in predatory ,fish. These results emunate,fi'om IAEA's VAMPpr~ject, initiated qfter the Chernob~~l uccident in 1986. The sites included in this w.ork cover CI \tYde range qf' lake and catrhment characteristics. This new VAMP model has nine specific components (see below), which are meant to increase the predictive uccurac~~ qfthe model und make it easv to applJl,fiw lukes it1 general. (1) A seasonal varin-255 256 L. Hakanson et al.

The Canadian Entomologist, 1984

... Nos resultats dtmon-trent que la combinaison suivante: un petit nombre de degres-jours ntcess... more ... Nos resultats dtmon-trent que la combinaison suivante: un petit nombre de degres-jours ntcessaires pour 1'Cclosion ?i basses temperatures, et une sensibilite rkduite pour les tempkratures plus ClevCes, assurent 1'Cclosion des oeufs au printemps. ...

Annual Review of Entomology, 1982

Trends in Research in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, 2001

... INTRODUCTION Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis) is a warm stenothermal plecopteran, occurring throu... more ... INTRODUCTION Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis) is a warm stenothermal plecopteran, occurring throughout most of Europe (Lillehammer, 1988 ... in recent years (Lillehammer, 1987a; Huru, 1987, Sanchez-Ortega and Alba-Tercedor, 1991; Elliott, 1995; Frutiger, 1996; Zwick, 1996 a ...

International Advances in the Ecology, Zoogeography, and Systematics of Mayflies and Stoneflies, 2008

Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are an ancient order of insects that are globally distributed in both no... more Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are an ancient order of insects that are globally distributed in both northern and southern hemispheres and have survived major environmental shifts. Despite the problems associated with selection processes operating in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, mayflies have successfully colonized a wide range of freshwater habitats from the tropics to the arctic, a somewhat greater range than other hemimetabolic aquatic insects such as the Plecoptera and Odonata. While many species of Ephemeroptera require specific environmental cues, others display considerable flexibility in life cycle length and timing in relation to environmental changes. This is particularly apparent in arctic and alpine species. Climate change scenarios predict rapid shifts across many environmental gradients, including temperature and the frequency and magnitude of floods and droughts. Changes in the mayfly fauna are hypothesized in the light of the environmental tolerances, life cycle plasticity and the dispersal mechanisms of present day mayflies. During periods of rapid environmental transition certain species traits will be beneficial. Generalists will do better; specialists with strict environmental limits and poor powers of dispersal may become extinct.

Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology, 1989

LIFE HISTORY STRATEGIES IN EPHEMEROPTERA AND PLECOPTERA John E. Brittain Zoological Museum, Unive... more LIFE HISTORY STRATEGIES IN EPHEMEROPTERA AND PLECOPTERA John E. Brittain Zoological Museum, University of Oslo, 0562 Oslo 5, Norway ABSTRACT The major part of the life of Ephemeroptera (mayflies) and Plecoptera (stoneflies) is spent in the aquatic environment, while their ...

Rivers of Europe, 2009

9.6. 3. Biodiversity 9.6. 4. Management and Conservation 9.7. The Northeri Dvina River 9.7. 1. Ph... more 9.6. 3. Biodiversity 9.6. 4. Management and Conservation 9.7. The Northeri Dvina River 9.7. 1. Physiography, Climate and Land Use 9.7. 2. Hydrology and Hydrochemistry 9.7. 3. Biodiversity 9.7. 4. Management and Conservation 9.8. The Mezen River 9.8. 1. Physiography, ...

The Analyst, 1992

The amounts of 137Cs and 90Sr have been determined in the inflows and outflows of the Norwegian s... more The amounts of 137Cs and 90Sr have been determined in the inflows and outflows of the Norwegian sub-alpine lake, Ovre Heimdalsvatn, in March/April during the period of ice-cover, when discharge is extremely stable. The lake is situated in an area contaminated by Chernobyl fallout. The transported course particulate plant material has been collected in traps; the particles and colloids have been removed from water samples by cross-flow ultrafiltration. On the basis of radionuclide inputs and outputs, lake budget calculations have been made for 137Cs and 90Sr during the period of ice-cover. Daily transport of radionuclides is considerably less than that observed during the spring snowmelt period when discharges are high. Size distribution patterns of Cs and Sr observed during winter are compared with previously published data from the same lake during the spring spate. The retention of 137Cs is similar in winter and spring, but retention of 90Sr is greater in winter.

River Research and Applications, 2013

Most rivers and streams in the city of Oslo, Norway, rise in the surrounding forests, and all run... more Most rivers and streams in the city of Oslo, Norway, rise in the surrounding forests, and all run through industrial and urban areas before they reach the sea. Most of these rivers have a long history of poor water quality in the middle and lower reaches until the early 1980s. This was reflected in low benthic diversity and the absence of fish. However, at the end of the 1970s, considerable efforts were made to limit industrial discharges, pollution episodes, and urban runoff, resulting in a substantial improvement in water quality. This improvement in water quality resulted in major changes in the benthos and fish populations of the rivers, especially the river Akerselva, which runs through the city centre. Here Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) became extinct in the mid-1800s and did not return until 1983. Atlantic salmon and sea trout (Salmo trutta) now spawn in the lower reaches, and the river supports juvenile populations of these salmonids. In line with the improvement in water quality, benthic biodiversity has also increased. These improvements have been documented based on long-term monitoring of benthos and fish. Increased benthic diversity and presence of fish also enabled the authorities to trace the source of several pollution episodes that led to fish kills. The European Union Water Framework Directive will bring further pressure to maintain a stable and good ecological status for the Oslo rivers, although it may be difficult to attain this goal in an urban environment.

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1993

ABSTRACT Techniques for reducing adverse effects of river and lake regulation are being developed... more ABSTRACT Techniques for reducing adverse effects of river and lake regulation are being developed and tested within the framework of the Norwegian Biotope Adjustment Programme. The programme is illustrated by studies of a river flowing through the wetland area, Lesjaleirene, which has been drained and channelized to provide additional agricultural land. The channelized river has a homogeneous sand substrate. Experimental placement of rocks and stones increased brown trout densities, especially in areas in contact with the river banks. The new areas of rocks and stones provide cover for fish as well as a greater variation in depth and flow conditions.

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1994

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1998

The mayfly fauna, and in particular the life histories of two mayflies, Coloburiscoides sp. and B... more The mayfly fauna, and in particular the life histories of two mayflies, Coloburiscoides sp. and Baetis sp. 3, was studied in two nearby streams located in the headwaters of the River Murray, SE Australia. The Mitta Mitta River is regulated by the Dartmouth Dam which releases cold water in summer for irrigation. Snowy Creek is a tributary of the Mitta Mitta River with natural flow and temperature regimes. The structure of the mayfly assemblage differs in the two streams. In the regulated Mitta Mitta there are 11 species, of which, caenids (Tasmanocaenis tonnoiri and River Murray sp. C), Coloburiscoides sp. and Baetis sp. 3 dominate. Snowy Creek, with a richer assemblage of 17 species, was dominated by Coloburiscoides sp., Baetis sp. 3 and two Austrophlebioides species. Monthly collections of mayfly nymphs and adults between September 1987 and August 1988, in both streams, allowed evaluation of possible life history changes in relation to dam operation. Coloburiscoides sp. and Baetis sp. 3 had synchronous life histories at both regulated and unregulated sites. Coloburiscoides appeared to be univoltine, and Baetis polyvoltine. At the regulated site, nymphal abundance in both Coloburiscoides and Baetis declined during the summer release, which coincided with the beginning of nymphal recruitment and appeared to delay nymphal hatching in Coloburiscoides.

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1995

ABSTRACT

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1996

boreal and temperate regions. The catchment area is suggested as the most appropriate scale and f... more boreal and temperate regions. The catchment area is suggested as the most appropriate scale and framework for such measures. Suitable measures may include reinstatement of flooding and productivity levels, management of nuisance growth of aquatic macrophytes, rehabilitation of depauperate riparian zones, increased habitat diversity, stocking of fish and construction of bypass channels for fish migration. Finally, an overall approach to remedial measures is proposed in which they form part of an integrated catchment management for regulated rivers.

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1996

The present report describes the results of an assessment of state-of-the-art computerised Decisi... more The present report describes the results of an assessment of state-of-the-art computerised Decision Support Systems based on environmental models for the management of fresh water ecosystems contaminated by radioactive substances. The models are examined and compared to identify their main features, the application domains, the performances, etc., for a rationale of the entire sector in view of the needs of potential users. A similar assessment was performed for the software products implementing the Decision Support Systems. This work was carried out in the frame of the network EVANET-HYDRA financed by the European Commission

Oikos, 1981

1981. Overwintering at low oxygen concentrations in the mayfly Leptophlebia vespertina. -Oikos 36... more 1981. Overwintering at low oxygen concentrations in the mayfly Leptophlebia vespertina. -Oikos 36: 45-50.

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 1996

The objective of this work is to present a neM ', state-oflthe-urt model jtir predicting radioces... more The objective of this work is to present a neM ', state-oflthe-urt model jtir predicting radiocesium in lakes. The turget variables to model and predict are Cs concentrations in lake water and in predatory ,fish. These results emunate,fi'om IAEA's VAMPpr~ject, initiated qfter the Chernob~~l uccident in 1986. The sites included in this w.ork cover CI \tYde range qf' lake and catrhment characteristics. This new VAMP model has nine specific components (see below), which are meant to increase the predictive uccurac~~ qfthe model und make it easv to applJl,fiw lukes it1 general. (1) A seasonal varin-255 256 L. Hakanson et al.

The Canadian Entomologist, 1984

... Nos resultats dtmon-trent que la combinaison suivante: un petit nombre de degres-jours ntcess... more ... Nos resultats dtmon-trent que la combinaison suivante: un petit nombre de degres-jours ntcessaires pour 1'Cclosion ?i basses temperatures, et une sensibilite rkduite pour les tempkratures plus ClevCes, assurent 1'Cclosion des oeufs au printemps. ...

Annual Review of Entomology, 1982

Trends in Research in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, 2001

... INTRODUCTION Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis) is a warm stenothermal plecopteran, occurring throu... more ... INTRODUCTION Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis) is a warm stenothermal plecopteran, occurring throughout most of Europe (Lillehammer, 1988 ... in recent years (Lillehammer, 1987a; Huru, 1987, Sanchez-Ortega and Alba-Tercedor, 1991; Elliott, 1995; Frutiger, 1996; Zwick, 1996 a ...

International Advances in the Ecology, Zoogeography, and Systematics of Mayflies and Stoneflies, 2008

Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are an ancient order of insects that are globally distributed in both no... more Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are an ancient order of insects that are globally distributed in both northern and southern hemispheres and have survived major environmental shifts. Despite the problems associated with selection processes operating in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, mayflies have successfully colonized a wide range of freshwater habitats from the tropics to the arctic, a somewhat greater range than other hemimetabolic aquatic insects such as the Plecoptera and Odonata. While many species of Ephemeroptera require specific environmental cues, others display considerable flexibility in life cycle length and timing in relation to environmental changes. This is particularly apparent in arctic and alpine species. Climate change scenarios predict rapid shifts across many environmental gradients, including temperature and the frequency and magnitude of floods and droughts. Changes in the mayfly fauna are hypothesized in the light of the environmental tolerances, life cycle plasticity and the dispersal mechanisms of present day mayflies. During periods of rapid environmental transition certain species traits will be beneficial. Generalists will do better; specialists with strict environmental limits and poor powers of dispersal may become extinct.

Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology, 1989

LIFE HISTORY STRATEGIES IN EPHEMEROPTERA AND PLECOPTERA John E. Brittain Zoological Museum, Unive... more LIFE HISTORY STRATEGIES IN EPHEMEROPTERA AND PLECOPTERA John E. Brittain Zoological Museum, University of Oslo, 0562 Oslo 5, Norway ABSTRACT The major part of the life of Ephemeroptera (mayflies) and Plecoptera (stoneflies) is spent in the aquatic environment, while their ...

Rivers of Europe, 2009

9.6. 3. Biodiversity 9.6. 4. Management and Conservation 9.7. The Northeri Dvina River 9.7. 1. Ph... more 9.6. 3. Biodiversity 9.6. 4. Management and Conservation 9.7. The Northeri Dvina River 9.7. 1. Physiography, Climate and Land Use 9.7. 2. Hydrology and Hydrochemistry 9.7. 3. Biodiversity 9.7. 4. Management and Conservation 9.8. The Mezen River 9.8. 1. Physiography, ...

The Analyst, 1992

The amounts of 137Cs and 90Sr have been determined in the inflows and outflows of the Norwegian s... more The amounts of 137Cs and 90Sr have been determined in the inflows and outflows of the Norwegian sub-alpine lake, Ovre Heimdalsvatn, in March/April during the period of ice-cover, when discharge is extremely stable. The lake is situated in an area contaminated by Chernobyl fallout. The transported course particulate plant material has been collected in traps; the particles and colloids have been removed from water samples by cross-flow ultrafiltration. On the basis of radionuclide inputs and outputs, lake budget calculations have been made for 137Cs and 90Sr during the period of ice-cover. Daily transport of radionuclides is considerably less than that observed during the spring snowmelt period when discharges are high. Size distribution patterns of Cs and Sr observed during winter are compared with previously published data from the same lake during the spring spate. The retention of 137Cs is similar in winter and spring, but retention of 90Sr is greater in winter.

River Research and Applications, 2013

Most rivers and streams in the city of Oslo, Norway, rise in the surrounding forests, and all run... more Most rivers and streams in the city of Oslo, Norway, rise in the surrounding forests, and all run through industrial and urban areas before they reach the sea. Most of these rivers have a long history of poor water quality in the middle and lower reaches until the early 1980s. This was reflected in low benthic diversity and the absence of fish. However, at the end of the 1970s, considerable efforts were made to limit industrial discharges, pollution episodes, and urban runoff, resulting in a substantial improvement in water quality. This improvement in water quality resulted in major changes in the benthos and fish populations of the rivers, especially the river Akerselva, which runs through the city centre. Here Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) became extinct in the mid-1800s and did not return until 1983. Atlantic salmon and sea trout (Salmo trutta) now spawn in the lower reaches, and the river supports juvenile populations of these salmonids. In line with the improvement in water quality, benthic biodiversity has also increased. These improvements have been documented based on long-term monitoring of benthos and fish. Increased benthic diversity and presence of fish also enabled the authorities to trace the source of several pollution episodes that led to fish kills. The European Union Water Framework Directive will bring further pressure to maintain a stable and good ecological status for the Oslo rivers, although it may be difficult to attain this goal in an urban environment.

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1993

ABSTRACT Techniques for reducing adverse effects of river and lake regulation are being developed... more ABSTRACT Techniques for reducing adverse effects of river and lake regulation are being developed and tested within the framework of the Norwegian Biotope Adjustment Programme. The programme is illustrated by studies of a river flowing through the wetland area, Lesjaleirene, which has been drained and channelized to provide additional agricultural land. The channelized river has a homogeneous sand substrate. Experimental placement of rocks and stones increased brown trout densities, especially in areas in contact with the river banks. The new areas of rocks and stones provide cover for fish as well as a greater variation in depth and flow conditions.

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1994

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1998

The mayfly fauna, and in particular the life histories of two mayflies, Coloburiscoides sp. and B... more The mayfly fauna, and in particular the life histories of two mayflies, Coloburiscoides sp. and Baetis sp. 3, was studied in two nearby streams located in the headwaters of the River Murray, SE Australia. The Mitta Mitta River is regulated by the Dartmouth Dam which releases cold water in summer for irrigation. Snowy Creek is a tributary of the Mitta Mitta River with natural flow and temperature regimes. The structure of the mayfly assemblage differs in the two streams. In the regulated Mitta Mitta there are 11 species, of which, caenids (Tasmanocaenis tonnoiri and River Murray sp. C), Coloburiscoides sp. and Baetis sp. 3 dominate. Snowy Creek, with a richer assemblage of 17 species, was dominated by Coloburiscoides sp., Baetis sp. 3 and two Austrophlebioides species. Monthly collections of mayfly nymphs and adults between September 1987 and August 1988, in both streams, allowed evaluation of possible life history changes in relation to dam operation. Coloburiscoides sp. and Baetis sp. 3 had synchronous life histories at both regulated and unregulated sites. Coloburiscoides appeared to be univoltine, and Baetis polyvoltine. At the regulated site, nymphal abundance in both Coloburiscoides and Baetis declined during the summer release, which coincided with the beginning of nymphal recruitment and appeared to delay nymphal hatching in Coloburiscoides.

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1995

ABSTRACT

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1996

boreal and temperate regions. The catchment area is suggested as the most appropriate scale and f... more boreal and temperate regions. The catchment area is suggested as the most appropriate scale and framework for such measures. Suitable measures may include reinstatement of flooding and productivity levels, management of nuisance growth of aquatic macrophytes, rehabilitation of depauperate riparian zones, increased habitat diversity, stocking of fish and construction of bypass channels for fish migration. Finally, an overall approach to remedial measures is proposed in which they form part of an integrated catchment management for regulated rivers.

Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 1996

The present report describes the results of an assessment of state-of-the-art computerised Decisi... more The present report describes the results of an assessment of state-of-the-art computerised Decision Support Systems based on environmental models for the management of fresh water ecosystems contaminated by radioactive substances. The models are examined and compared to identify their main features, the application domains, the performances, etc., for a rationale of the entire sector in view of the needs of potential users. A similar assessment was performed for the software products implementing the Decision Support Systems. This work was carried out in the frame of the network EVANET-HYDRA financed by the European Commission

Oikos, 1981

1981. Overwintering at low oxygen concentrations in the mayfly Leptophlebia vespertina. -Oikos 36... more 1981. Overwintering at low oxygen concentrations in the mayfly Leptophlebia vespertina. -Oikos 36: 45-50.