John Giles Waines - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by John Giles Waines

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, Mar 1, 2004

Journal of Heredity, 1994

ABSTRACT

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, 1992

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, 1991

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, 1991

Crop Science, Sep 1, 1986

SIDA, contributions to botany., 2001

Amaranthus blitum L. and its infraspecific variability in the United States are analyzed using cl... more Amaranthus blitum L. and its infraspecific variability in the United States are analyzed using classical morphological and some new Scanning Electron Microscope characters. Two new combinations within A. blitum are proposed, A. blitum subsp. oleraceus and A. blitum subsp. emarginatus var. pseudogracilis. For the first time, A. graecizans L. is confirmed as occurring in North America. Some nomenclatural issues involving A. blitum L. and A. graecizans L. are also discussed. RESUMEN Se analiza Amaranthus blitum L y su variabilidad intraespecifica en los Estados Unidos, utilizando los caracteres clasicos y algunos nuevos observados con el Microscopio Electronico de Barrido. Se proponen dos combinaciones nuevas para Amaranthus blitum, A. blitum subsp. oleraceus y A. blitum subsp. emarginatus var. pseudogracilis. Por primera vez se confirma la presencia de Amaranthus graecizans en Norte America. Se analizan tambien algunos problemas de nomenclatura de Amaranthus blitum y Amaranthus graecizans.

Crop Science, 1996

The rate of natural outcrossing in the cultivated chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) was estimated with... more The rate of natural outcrossing in the cultivated chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) was estimated with five lines grown over three planting dates in the 1988–1989 season, and four other lines grown in one planting date in 1989, and over two planting dates in 1991. At each planting date, a randomized complete block design with six replications was employed. The location of the study was at the University of California, South Coast Research and Extension Center, Irvine, CA, where high outcrossing rates have been previously observed in different genotypes of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Compound leaf, controlled by a single dominant gene (Silv/silv), was used as a morphological marker. Unifoliate genotypes were used as female parents and were interplanted in the middle row of every plot with genotypes with compound leaves designated as male parents. Although many bumble bees (Bombus spp.) and honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) visited open chickpea flowers, progeny tests revealed that the average rate of natural outcrossing in the lines under investigation was less than 1%.

Analytical Biochemistry, Jul 1, 1978

Abstract A colorimetric assay for cystine plus cysteine in pure proteins has been adapted to legu... more Abstract A colorimetric assay for cystine plus cysteine in pure proteins has been adapted to legume seed meals. The procedure involves incubation of legume seed meals for 1 hr at 38°C with sodium borohydride in 8 m urea, destruction of the sodium borohydride, and colorimetric determination of thiols produced with Ellman's reagent. A comparison of values from this procedure and from performic acid oxidation of 33 legume seed meals is presented and shows good correlation for peas ( Pisum sativum ) and lentils ( Lens culinaris ), with somewhat equivocal results for beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and fava beans ( Vicia faba ).

Crop Science, May 1, 1978

A colorimetric lysine screening assay in wheat is reported that employs trinitrobenzenesulfonic a... more A colorimetric lysine screening assay in wheat is reported that employs trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, which reacts only with primary amino proups. When lysine in 26 wheat samples is compared with that determined by traditional amino acid analysis, the assay has a correlation coefficient of 0.938. It is possible to perform 48 lysine determinations per man-day.

Aliso, 2001

In order to determine their taxonomic significance, 10 pericarp structure characters were scored ... more In order to determine their taxonomic significance, 10 pericarp structure characters were scored for 21 Amaranthus L. taxa. In many, peri carp patterns permit recognition of the taxa as species. Differences between cultivated taxa and their wild relatives offer new arguments against their taxonomic union. The relationships between other closely related taxa are also analyzed (A. quitensis and A. hybridus: A. bouchonii and A. powellii; A. hybridus and A. powellii; A. blitum and A. emarginatus). Mechanisms of dehiscence and terminology for the fruit of Amaranthus are considered.

Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1982

TheVicia sativa aggregate contains plants with different chromosome numbers karyotypes; they are ... more TheVicia sativa aggregate contains plants with different chromosome numbers karyotypes; they are still cross-compatible and have partially fertile F1-hybrids. There is also wide adaptive radiation and geographic distribution. The seed protein profiles ofV. sativa agg. are remarkably variable but no band or bands could be related to a specific karyotype, chromosome number or taxon, and variation within and between karyotypes

The Quarterly Review of Biology, Dec 1, 1993

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, 1992

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1978

Summar~f. Diallel crosses among Triticum boeoticum (4 lines from different geographical areas), T... more Summar~f. Diallel crosses among Triticum boeoticum (4 lines from different geographical areas), T.urartu, Aegilops squcmrosa and Ae. speltoid~8 exhibited reciprocal differences in hybrid seed morphology, endosperm development, and embryo viability. T.~artu and Ae.squarrosa as females with T.boeotic~ and Ae.speltoides lead to shrivelled inviable seed. T.boeotic~m accessions as female with Ae.speltoides also lead to shrivelled seeds. The reciprocal crosses produced plump seeds which either resembled the maternal parent or showed size differences. By altering the endospermic genome ratios, hybrid seeds with I (9)/i (d) showed extreme shrivelling whereas those with 4 (g)/l (d) were medium shrivelled to plump. Genetic experiments involving hybrids of T.boeotic~, T. urartu and T.monococc~ showed that a factor is present in pollen or male gametes, which shows dosage effect and which, by interacting with the maternal genome, leads to endosperm abortion.

Cereal Research Communications, 2013

ABSTRACT Wild diploid goatgrass, Aegilops tauschii Coss., is the D-genome donor to hexaploid brea... more ABSTRACT Wild diploid goatgrass, Aegilops tauschii Coss., is the D-genome donor to hexaploid bread wheat. Goatgrass has been crossed with tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum L.) and hexaploid bread wheat (T. aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) to broaden the genetic base of bread wheat. We examined the contribution of main stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and current assimilates to grain yield in one goatgrass relative to those in one durum and four cultivars of bread wheat under well-watered and droughted field conditions across two years. Drought reduced grain yield and its components. Number of tillers per plant was higher in goatgrass, but 55% of tillers produced were sterile. Number of grains per spike was lower in goatgrass. Grain weight was the component severely limiting potential yield in goatgrass. Main stem WSC and concentration was lowest in goatgrass. Linear rate of grain growth in goatgrass was 20 and 17 mg spike(-1)day(-1) under well-watered and droughted conditions, whereas those in durum and bread wheats ranged from 55 to 73 and from 37 to 60 mg spike(-1)day(-1), respectively. Current assimilates were the major source of carbon to fill the grains under both irrigation regimes. A large number of goatgrass accessions and adapted durum cultivars should be examined for grain yield and its components to identify promising accessions to be used in producing synthetics.

Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1996

The Rht1 and Rht2 dwarfing genes have been used extensively to reduce height in wheat (Triticum a... more The Rht1 and Rht2 dwarfing genes have been used extensively to reduce height in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Rht3 gene is also a potent dwarfing gene. Information in the literature is limited or conflicting as to the comparative effects of these genes on water-use efficiency (WUE) and agronomic performance under different environments. Four near-isogenic lines, rhtrht, Rht1Rht1, Rht2Rht2, and Rht3Rht3 in Maringa and three, rhtrht, Rht2Rht2, and Rht3Rht3 in Nainan 60 bread wheat backgrounds were used to determine the effects of dwarfing genes on plant height, total dry matter (TDM) and its components, evapotranspiration efficiency (ETE, TDM/water evapotranspired), WUE (grain yield/water evapotranspired), and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in well-watered and droughted pot experiments in the glasshouse. The near-isogenic lines were also grown in well-watered and droughted field experiments. The dwarfing genes consistently reduced plant height and kernel weight in Maringa and N...

Field Crops Research, 2008

Grain growth in wheat depends on current photosynthesis and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC... more Grain growth in wheat depends on current photosynthesis and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC). In semiarid regions with terminal drought, grain filling in wheat crops may depend more on stem WSC content than on current assimilates. Reduction in grain yield under drought is attributed to shorter duration of linear grain growth despite increased contribution of stem reserves to grain yield. The amount of stem reserves is measured either by changes in stem dry weight (indirect method) or by stem WSC content (direct method). Genotypic variation in the rate and duration of linear grain growth and in percent contribution of stem reserves to grain yield has not been evaluated in wheat. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the relationship between the direct and indirect measurement of stem reserves during and across the grain-filling period and (ii) to measure the extent of genotypic variation in rate and duration of linear grain growth and in percent contribution of stem reserves to grain yield. Dry weight, WSC content and grain yield of the main stem were measured at 10-day intervals in 11 diverse wheat genotypes under wellwatered and droughted-field conditions across 2 years. Drought reduced stem WSC content from 413 to 281 mg and grain yield from 4.6 to 2.5 t ha À1. Stem WSC content and dry weight were positively correlated. Genotypic differences in linear rate of grain growth were significant in well-watered (ranging from 48.9 to 72.4 mg spike À1 day À1) and in droughted-field (ranging from 33.2 to 59.9 mg spike À1 day À1) conditions. Drought, on average, reduced the linear rate and duration of grain growth by 20 and 50%, respectively. Reduction in linear rate ranged from 13 to 43%. The amount of current assimilates and stem reserves contributed to grain yield was reduced, respectively, by 54 and 11% under drought. Genotypic differences in percent contribution of stem reserves to grain yield were significant in well-watered (ranging from 19.1 to 53.6%) and in droughted-field (ranging from 36.6 to 65.4%) conditions. The wheat genotypes responded differently to drought. Main spike grain yield was reduced by 43% under drought due to 26 and 11% reduction in grain weight and number of grains, respectively. Grain yield was correlated with linear grain growth under well-watered (r = 0.96) and droughted (r = 0.83) conditions. The genotypic variation observed indicates that breeding for a higher rate of linear grain growth and greater contribution of stem reserves to grain yield should be possible in wheat to stabilize grain yield in stressful environments.

Paléorient, 1975

Plant remains from the 6th millennium B.C. site of Khirokitia in Cyprus are reported being the ea... more Plant remains from the 6th millennium B.C. site of Khirokitia in Cyprus are reported being the earliest recorded from the island. The assemblage is comparable with the classic Near Eastern cereal-and-legume complex of that date.

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, Mar 1, 2004

Journal of Heredity, 1994

ABSTRACT

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, 1992

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, 1991

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, 1991

Crop Science, Sep 1, 1986

SIDA, contributions to botany., 2001

Amaranthus blitum L. and its infraspecific variability in the United States are analyzed using cl... more Amaranthus blitum L. and its infraspecific variability in the United States are analyzed using classical morphological and some new Scanning Electron Microscope characters. Two new combinations within A. blitum are proposed, A. blitum subsp. oleraceus and A. blitum subsp. emarginatus var. pseudogracilis. For the first time, A. graecizans L. is confirmed as occurring in North America. Some nomenclatural issues involving A. blitum L. and A. graecizans L. are also discussed. RESUMEN Se analiza Amaranthus blitum L y su variabilidad intraespecifica en los Estados Unidos, utilizando los caracteres clasicos y algunos nuevos observados con el Microscopio Electronico de Barrido. Se proponen dos combinaciones nuevas para Amaranthus blitum, A. blitum subsp. oleraceus y A. blitum subsp. emarginatus var. pseudogracilis. Por primera vez se confirma la presencia de Amaranthus graecizans en Norte America. Se analizan tambien algunos problemas de nomenclatura de Amaranthus blitum y Amaranthus graecizans.

Crop Science, 1996

The rate of natural outcrossing in the cultivated chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) was estimated with... more The rate of natural outcrossing in the cultivated chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) was estimated with five lines grown over three planting dates in the 1988–1989 season, and four other lines grown in one planting date in 1989, and over two planting dates in 1991. At each planting date, a randomized complete block design with six replications was employed. The location of the study was at the University of California, South Coast Research and Extension Center, Irvine, CA, where high outcrossing rates have been previously observed in different genotypes of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Compound leaf, controlled by a single dominant gene (Silv/silv), was used as a morphological marker. Unifoliate genotypes were used as female parents and were interplanted in the middle row of every plot with genotypes with compound leaves designated as male parents. Although many bumble bees (Bombus spp.) and honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) visited open chickpea flowers, progeny tests revealed that the average rate of natural outcrossing in the lines under investigation was less than 1%.

Analytical Biochemistry, Jul 1, 1978

Abstract A colorimetric assay for cystine plus cysteine in pure proteins has been adapted to legu... more Abstract A colorimetric assay for cystine plus cysteine in pure proteins has been adapted to legume seed meals. The procedure involves incubation of legume seed meals for 1 hr at 38°C with sodium borohydride in 8 m urea, destruction of the sodium borohydride, and colorimetric determination of thiols produced with Ellman's reagent. A comparison of values from this procedure and from performic acid oxidation of 33 legume seed meals is presented and shows good correlation for peas ( Pisum sativum ) and lentils ( Lens culinaris ), with somewhat equivocal results for beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and fava beans ( Vicia faba ).

Crop Science, May 1, 1978

A colorimetric lysine screening assay in wheat is reported that employs trinitrobenzenesulfonic a... more A colorimetric lysine screening assay in wheat is reported that employs trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, which reacts only with primary amino proups. When lysine in 26 wheat samples is compared with that determined by traditional amino acid analysis, the assay has a correlation coefficient of 0.938. It is possible to perform 48 lysine determinations per man-day.

Aliso, 2001

In order to determine their taxonomic significance, 10 pericarp structure characters were scored ... more In order to determine their taxonomic significance, 10 pericarp structure characters were scored for 21 Amaranthus L. taxa. In many, peri carp patterns permit recognition of the taxa as species. Differences between cultivated taxa and their wild relatives offer new arguments against their taxonomic union. The relationships between other closely related taxa are also analyzed (A. quitensis and A. hybridus: A. bouchonii and A. powellii; A. hybridus and A. powellii; A. blitum and A. emarginatus). Mechanisms of dehiscence and terminology for the fruit of Amaranthus are considered.

Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1982

TheVicia sativa aggregate contains plants with different chromosome numbers karyotypes; they are ... more TheVicia sativa aggregate contains plants with different chromosome numbers karyotypes; they are still cross-compatible and have partially fertile F1-hybrids. There is also wide adaptive radiation and geographic distribution. The seed protein profiles ofV. sativa agg. are remarkably variable but no band or bands could be related to a specific karyotype, chromosome number or taxon, and variation within and between karyotypes

The Quarterly Review of Biology, Dec 1, 1993

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, 1992

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1978

Summar~f. Diallel crosses among Triticum boeoticum (4 lines from different geographical areas), T... more Summar~f. Diallel crosses among Triticum boeoticum (4 lines from different geographical areas), T.urartu, Aegilops squcmrosa and Ae. speltoid~8 exhibited reciprocal differences in hybrid seed morphology, endosperm development, and embryo viability. T.~artu and Ae.squarrosa as females with T.boeotic~ and Ae.speltoides lead to shrivelled inviable seed. T.boeotic~m accessions as female with Ae.speltoides also lead to shrivelled seeds. The reciprocal crosses produced plump seeds which either resembled the maternal parent or showed size differences. By altering the endospermic genome ratios, hybrid seeds with I (9)/i (d) showed extreme shrivelling whereas those with 4 (g)/l (d) were medium shrivelled to plump. Genetic experiments involving hybrids of T.boeotic~, T. urartu and T.monococc~ showed that a factor is present in pollen or male gametes, which shows dosage effect and which, by interacting with the maternal genome, leads to endosperm abortion.

Cereal Research Communications, 2013

ABSTRACT Wild diploid goatgrass, Aegilops tauschii Coss., is the D-genome donor to hexaploid brea... more ABSTRACT Wild diploid goatgrass, Aegilops tauschii Coss., is the D-genome donor to hexaploid bread wheat. Goatgrass has been crossed with tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum L.) and hexaploid bread wheat (T. aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) to broaden the genetic base of bread wheat. We examined the contribution of main stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and current assimilates to grain yield in one goatgrass relative to those in one durum and four cultivars of bread wheat under well-watered and droughted field conditions across two years. Drought reduced grain yield and its components. Number of tillers per plant was higher in goatgrass, but 55% of tillers produced were sterile. Number of grains per spike was lower in goatgrass. Grain weight was the component severely limiting potential yield in goatgrass. Main stem WSC and concentration was lowest in goatgrass. Linear rate of grain growth in goatgrass was 20 and 17 mg spike(-1)day(-1) under well-watered and droughted conditions, whereas those in durum and bread wheats ranged from 55 to 73 and from 37 to 60 mg spike(-1)day(-1), respectively. Current assimilates were the major source of carbon to fill the grains under both irrigation regimes. A large number of goatgrass accessions and adapted durum cultivars should be examined for grain yield and its components to identify promising accessions to be used in producing synthetics.

Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1996

The Rht1 and Rht2 dwarfing genes have been used extensively to reduce height in wheat (Triticum a... more The Rht1 and Rht2 dwarfing genes have been used extensively to reduce height in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Rht3 gene is also a potent dwarfing gene. Information in the literature is limited or conflicting as to the comparative effects of these genes on water-use efficiency (WUE) and agronomic performance under different environments. Four near-isogenic lines, rhtrht, Rht1Rht1, Rht2Rht2, and Rht3Rht3 in Maringa and three, rhtrht, Rht2Rht2, and Rht3Rht3 in Nainan 60 bread wheat backgrounds were used to determine the effects of dwarfing genes on plant height, total dry matter (TDM) and its components, evapotranspiration efficiency (ETE, TDM/water evapotranspired), WUE (grain yield/water evapotranspired), and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in well-watered and droughted pot experiments in the glasshouse. The near-isogenic lines were also grown in well-watered and droughted field experiments. The dwarfing genes consistently reduced plant height and kernel weight in Maringa and N...

Field Crops Research, 2008

Grain growth in wheat depends on current photosynthesis and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC... more Grain growth in wheat depends on current photosynthesis and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC). In semiarid regions with terminal drought, grain filling in wheat crops may depend more on stem WSC content than on current assimilates. Reduction in grain yield under drought is attributed to shorter duration of linear grain growth despite increased contribution of stem reserves to grain yield. The amount of stem reserves is measured either by changes in stem dry weight (indirect method) or by stem WSC content (direct method). Genotypic variation in the rate and duration of linear grain growth and in percent contribution of stem reserves to grain yield has not been evaluated in wheat. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the relationship between the direct and indirect measurement of stem reserves during and across the grain-filling period and (ii) to measure the extent of genotypic variation in rate and duration of linear grain growth and in percent contribution of stem reserves to grain yield. Dry weight, WSC content and grain yield of the main stem were measured at 10-day intervals in 11 diverse wheat genotypes under wellwatered and droughted-field conditions across 2 years. Drought reduced stem WSC content from 413 to 281 mg and grain yield from 4.6 to 2.5 t ha À1. Stem WSC content and dry weight were positively correlated. Genotypic differences in linear rate of grain growth were significant in well-watered (ranging from 48.9 to 72.4 mg spike À1 day À1) and in droughted-field (ranging from 33.2 to 59.9 mg spike À1 day À1) conditions. Drought, on average, reduced the linear rate and duration of grain growth by 20 and 50%, respectively. Reduction in linear rate ranged from 13 to 43%. The amount of current assimilates and stem reserves contributed to grain yield was reduced, respectively, by 54 and 11% under drought. Genotypic differences in percent contribution of stem reserves to grain yield were significant in well-watered (ranging from 19.1 to 53.6%) and in droughted-field (ranging from 36.6 to 65.4%) conditions. The wheat genotypes responded differently to drought. Main spike grain yield was reduced by 43% under drought due to 26 and 11% reduction in grain weight and number of grains, respectively. Grain yield was correlated with linear grain growth under well-watered (r = 0.96) and droughted (r = 0.83) conditions. The genotypic variation observed indicates that breeding for a higher rate of linear grain growth and greater contribution of stem reserves to grain yield should be possible in wheat to stabilize grain yield in stressful environments.

Paléorient, 1975

Plant remains from the 6th millennium B.C. site of Khirokitia in Cyprus are reported being the ea... more Plant remains from the 6th millennium B.C. site of Khirokitia in Cyprus are reported being the earliest recorded from the island. The assemblage is comparable with the classic Near Eastern cereal-and-legume complex of that date.