John Holmgren - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by John Holmgren
A task involving both the detection and recognition of one of two possible critical elements embe... more A task involving both the detection and recognition of one of two possible critical elements embedded in a set of noise elements was investigated with the aid of a mathematical model. The model consists of three processes, these being detection, recognition and decision. The first of two experiments attempted to show the operation of two separate bias parameters in the decision process. While the-results were in the right direction, the data did not unequivocally establish the necessity of two bias parameters. In the second study, it was found that while a subject's ability to detect a critical element in a display decreased as the number of noise elements in the display increased, his ability to recognize the critical element following detection remained constant. This finding was interpreted as supporting a strictly all-or-none view
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1974
A visual search task with target-nontarget confusability was studied in conjunction with a reward... more A visual search task with target-nontarget confusability was studied in conjunction with a reward condition. Data were obtained from six Ss in a single-target-item visual search task. Displays were linear arrays of letters tachistoscopically presented. In terms of the latency and accuracy of responses, search was more difficult in displays with confusable targets and nontargets, whereas reward tended to produce faster and more accurate search. It was concluded that both the reward and confusability conditions served to alter the S's search strategy. ,
This task report is one of several provided by the Mellonics Systems Development Division of Litt... more This task report is one of several provided by the Mellonics Systems Development Division of Litton Systems, Inc., to the Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences '(ARI) under Contract Number DAHC 19-77-C-0011. Under the contract, a part of the Mellonics effort concerns support to the ARI evaluation of the utilization, acceptance, costs , and effectiveness of the Army Training Extension Course (TEC) Program. Related earlier reports focused on the cost and training effectiveness of TEC where effectiveness was a function of individual performances on selected hands-on performance tests, and the relation of TEC usage to individuals performances on their SQT. Results showed TEC effective in training individuals and a positive relationship between TEC usage and SQT scores.
Perception & Psychophysics, 1974
Search rates were estimated from response latencies in a visual search task of the type used by A... more Search rates were estimated from response latencies in a visual search task of the type used by Atkinson, Holmgren, and Juola (1969), in which a S searches a small set of letters to determine the presence or absence of a predesignated target. Half of the visual displays contained a marker above one of the letters. The marked letter was the only one that had to be checked to determine whether or not the display contained the target. The presence of a marker in a display significantly increased the estimated rate of search, but the data clearly indicated that Ss did not restrict processing to the marked item. Letters in the vicinity of the marker were also processed. These results were interpreted as showing that Ss are able to exercise some degree of control over the search process in this type of task.
Perception & Psychophysics, 1974
Perception & Psychophysics, 1974
Two experiments were run to investigate the effects of redundant display items upon response late... more Two experiments were run to investigate the effects of redundant display items upon response latency in a visual search task. In the first study, Ss searched five-letter displays for a predesignated critical letter. Both critical and noncritical letters could be repeated in the displays. Mean response latency decreased m3oJ:kedly with increasing redundancy in the critical letter and was affected to a lesser extent by redundancy in the noncritical letters. In the second study, Ss were required to detect the presence of redundant letters in displays of from two to five letters, first with no information as to what letter might be repeated, then with knowledge of which letter would be repeated if the display contained a redundant letter. Response latencies in the former case were much slower than in the latter. The implications of these findings for current views of visual information processing were discussed.
Perception & Psychophysics, 1968
Perception & Psychophysics, 1969
A task involving both the detection and recognition of one of two possible critical elements embe... more A task involving both the detection and recognition of one of two possible critical elements embedded in a set of noise elements was investigated with the aid of a mathematical model. The model consists of three processes, these being detection, recognition and decision. The first of two experiments attempted to show the operation of two separate bias parameters in the decision process. While the-results were in the right direction, the data did not unequivocally establish the necessity of two bias parameters. In the second study, it was found that while a subject's ability to detect a critical element in a display decreased as the number of noise elements in the display increased, his ability to recognize the critical element following detection remained constant. This finding was interpreted as supporting a strictly all-or-none view
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1974
A visual search task with target-nontarget confusability was studied in conjunction with a reward... more A visual search task with target-nontarget confusability was studied in conjunction with a reward condition. Data were obtained from six Ss in a single-target-item visual search task. Displays were linear arrays of letters tachistoscopically presented. In terms of the latency and accuracy of responses, search was more difficult in displays with confusable targets and nontargets, whereas reward tended to produce faster and more accurate search. It was concluded that both the reward and confusability conditions served to alter the S's search strategy. ,
This task report is one of several provided by the Mellonics Systems Development Division of Litt... more This task report is one of several provided by the Mellonics Systems Development Division of Litton Systems, Inc., to the Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences '(ARI) under Contract Number DAHC 19-77-C-0011. Under the contract, a part of the Mellonics effort concerns support to the ARI evaluation of the utilization, acceptance, costs , and effectiveness of the Army Training Extension Course (TEC) Program. Related earlier reports focused on the cost and training effectiveness of TEC where effectiveness was a function of individual performances on selected hands-on performance tests, and the relation of TEC usage to individuals performances on their SQT. Results showed TEC effective in training individuals and a positive relationship between TEC usage and SQT scores.
Perception & Psychophysics, 1974
Search rates were estimated from response latencies in a visual search task of the type used by A... more Search rates were estimated from response latencies in a visual search task of the type used by Atkinson, Holmgren, and Juola (1969), in which a S searches a small set of letters to determine the presence or absence of a predesignated target. Half of the visual displays contained a marker above one of the letters. The marked letter was the only one that had to be checked to determine whether or not the display contained the target. The presence of a marker in a display significantly increased the estimated rate of search, but the data clearly indicated that Ss did not restrict processing to the marked item. Letters in the vicinity of the marker were also processed. These results were interpreted as showing that Ss are able to exercise some degree of control over the search process in this type of task.
Perception & Psychophysics, 1974
Perception & Psychophysics, 1974
Two experiments were run to investigate the effects of redundant display items upon response late... more Two experiments were run to investigate the effects of redundant display items upon response latency in a visual search task. In the first study, Ss searched five-letter displays for a predesignated critical letter. Both critical and noncritical letters could be repeated in the displays. Mean response latency decreased m3oJ:kedly with increasing redundancy in the critical letter and was affected to a lesser extent by redundancy in the noncritical letters. In the second study, Ss were required to detect the presence of redundant letters in displays of from two to five letters, first with no information as to what letter might be repeated, then with knowledge of which letter would be repeated if the display contained a redundant letter. Response latencies in the former case were much slower than in the latter. The implications of these findings for current views of visual information processing were discussed.
Perception & Psychophysics, 1968
Perception & Psychophysics, 1969