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Papers by John Maulbetsch
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Thesis. 1965. Ph.D.
Condensing heat transfer rates inside a horizontal tube were investigated-for large quality chang... more Condensing heat transfer rates inside a horizontal tube were investigated-for large quality changes across the tube. The proposed correlation is a modification of the work of Rohsenow, Webber and Ling [29]. The result of the investigation is modified through new variables which include the effect of the true axial pressure gradient in a tube. Experimental data are presented for a range of flow conditions. A 0.493 in. ID, 19.75 ft. long nickel tube was used for condensing Refrigerant-12. The saturation temperature was varied from 84.6*F to 118*F and flow rates of vapor-liquid mixture ranged from 151,000 lbm/ft 2hr to 555,000 lbm/ft 2hr. The inlet quality was essentially 100% at saturation and exit qualities ranged from 50% to zero and subcooled liquid. The test results for average heat transfer coefficient ware correlated by the analysis within 15%. NOMENCLATURE A Cross section area ft 2 c Specific heat Btu/lbm *F D Tube inner diameter ft D. Tube outer diameter ft f Friction factor F. Pressure Gradient in the Tube lbf/ft 2/ft g Gravity ft/sec 2 2 G Mass velocity of the liquid lbm/hr ft G vMass velocity of the vapor ibm/hr ft 2 h fg Latent heat of the evaporation Btu/lbm h Local heat transfer coefficient Btu/hr ft 2 *F z k Conductivity of the liquid Btu/hr ft *F L Length of the cooling water jacket ft Nu Nusselt Number Pr Prandtl Number (q/A) Heat flux Btu/ft 2hr Re Reynolds Number T Inner wall temperature *F T Outer wall temperature *F AT Temperature difference between vapor and condensing wall AT Cooling water temperature rise *F Vz Velocity of the condensate flow ft/sec W Flow rate of the fluid lbm/hr W Flow rate of the cooling water lbm/hr w z Distance from condensation starting point ft 0075 62.3 73 62.32 a [ I p MNIMIIIMIIIIMMMINII M ON110111101111111i
Proceeding of International Heat Transfer Conference 3
A combined analytical and experimental program was carried out to investigate the problem of hydr... more A combined analytical and experimental program was carried out to investigate the problem of hydrodynamic stability of forced-convection flows with boiling. The study was restricted to the flow of water in small channels (<".250 I.D.), high length-to-diameter ratios (25-200), moderate temperature and pressure (Ti~700F; Pex.<60 psia), and primarily directed toward subcooled, local boiling (hex<hsatliq.)-Two types of instability were recognized: The first, a non-recurring excursive instability, and the second, an oscillatory instability in which the operating point varies in a sustained, repetitive way around the original condition. The excursive behavior was predicted on the basis of a comparison of the slopes of the pressure drop vs. flow rate curve of the heated section and the external system. The criterion for stability was simply that the slope of the external system characteristic be more strongly negative than that of the heated section. This was verified experimentally. This excursion was found to be the limiting condition on the heat flux in a parallel channel system.
International Heat Transfer Conference 16
Proceedings of the American Power Conference, 1984
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1986
From March 23rd to 26th, 1987, the city of New Orleans hosted 350 attendees at the 1987 Joint Sym... more From March 23rd to 26th, 1987, the city of New Orleans hosted 350 attendees at the 1987 Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOâ Control. Cosponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the symposium provided attendees the opportunity to hear papers covering technological and regulatory developments on NOâ control in the United States
Energy Conversion and Management, Aug 31, 1996
Mitigation strategies have been explored, and these topics will be discussed with emphasis on ter... more Mitigation strategies have been explored, and these topics will be discussed with emphasis on terrestrial ecosystem sequestration as an illustration of successful research. The use of halophyte horticulture for near-term solution to environmental problems and for food application has been demonstrated and is in commercial production in Mexico and Saudi Arabia. Halophyte horticulture fixes carbon from the atmosphere using desert land areas and features sea water for irrigation.
Shakedown tests are under way on advanced ammonia-based cooling at a heavily instrumented test fa... more Shakedown tests are under way on advanced ammonia-based cooling at a heavily instrumented test facility in southern California. Favorable results could open the door to greater economy and siting flexibility for power plants in water-short areas. Dry-cooling technology may be ...
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1986
Modifications to the combustion process have been the basis for NOx control on new coal-fired pow... more Modifications to the combustion process have been the basis for NOx control on new coal-fired power plants to meet federal New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Promulgated in 1971 and revised in 1978. In the event that retrofit NOx control is required on pre-NSPS plants, low-NOx combustion will likely be the least cost approach, if such controls can be successfully applied to the wide diversity of these older utility boiler designs now in operation. A series of retrofit low-NOx combustion demonstrations supported by EPRI and electric utility companies are intended to establish the technical and economic feasibility of this approach.
Volume 3: Gas Turbine Heat Transfer; Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing and Manufacturing; Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment; Symposium in Honor of Professor Richard Goldstein; Symposium in Honor of Prof. Spalding; Symposium in Honor of Prof. Arthur E. Bergles, 2013
Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology; Energy Water Nexus; Globalization of Engineering; Posters, 2011
Thermal Power Plant Cooling, 2014
2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference, Volume 4, 2010
Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 2009
lean, fresh water has become a critical resource in the U.S. with growing demand due to increases... more lean, fresh water has become a critical resource in the U.S. with growing demand due to increases in population and economic activity, exacerbated by population shifts to more arid regions. At the same time, goals of environmental protection and enhancement require improvements in water quality to sustain wildlife and recreation. While local impacts of global climate change are uncertain, its overall impact is expected to be a further reduction in water availability. The southwestern U.S. is especially vulnerable to water shortages because of rapid population growth and low rainfall, but growth in other regions may also lead to warm-weather shortages. Roy et al. (2005) estimated that water sustainability concerns will be greatest in the west, and that many regions in the eastern U.S. may also require new water supplies by 2025 unless existing patterns of water use can be modified. Water availability has become a contentious siting issue for thermoelectric power plants, which must compete with the growing demands of municipalities, agriculture, and industry for surface water and groundwater supplies. This can constrain development in water-poor regions, and affects the topology of the national grid that transmits electricity between regions. Power plants currently account for about 3 percent of the freshwater consumed in the U.S., in contrast with agriculture, which consumes about 40 percent (U.S. Geological Survey 2004). In fact, thermoelectric power generation accounts for about 40 percent of all U.S. freshwater withdrawals because about half of U.S. plants still use once-through cooling technology-water withdrawn from an ambient water body moves only once through the cooling system before being discharged back into the environment. If a thermoelectric power plant cannot meet its withdrawal requirements, it will have to either reduce its power output or shut down. Growing Electric Power and Water Demands: Consequences and Solutions The competition over limited water supplies has put pressure on the electric power sector to use less water, and on regional authorities to manage water resources more intensively. There is also increasing attention to energy conservation in the water sector, especially in water-poor areas that require the most pumping, conveyance, and treatment to meet needs (U.S. Department of Energy 2006). Viewed as a problem of sustainability, the challenge is to maintain steady growth in living standards, including electric power sufficient to support that growth, while also continuing to serve needs that can only be met by clean and ample water resources. If to meet current needs, water supplies are exhausted or fouled, they become unavailable for future uses. In today's climate of diminishing water availability, sustainable regional development requires the planning of water and energy infrastructures to be integrated. The pressure on water supplies can be reduced, however, through applications of innovative approaches to water conservation. These include both regional planning tools and measures to reduce water consumption by thermoelectric plants. The choice of cooling technology and other decisions affecting water use are part of an overall siting and plant design process in which demand
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Thesis. 1965. Ph.D.
Condensing heat transfer rates inside a horizontal tube were investigated-for large quality chang... more Condensing heat transfer rates inside a horizontal tube were investigated-for large quality changes across the tube. The proposed correlation is a modification of the work of Rohsenow, Webber and Ling [29]. The result of the investigation is modified through new variables which include the effect of the true axial pressure gradient in a tube. Experimental data are presented for a range of flow conditions. A 0.493 in. ID, 19.75 ft. long nickel tube was used for condensing Refrigerant-12. The saturation temperature was varied from 84.6*F to 118*F and flow rates of vapor-liquid mixture ranged from 151,000 lbm/ft 2hr to 555,000 lbm/ft 2hr. The inlet quality was essentially 100% at saturation and exit qualities ranged from 50% to zero and subcooled liquid. The test results for average heat transfer coefficient ware correlated by the analysis within 15%. NOMENCLATURE A Cross section area ft 2 c Specific heat Btu/lbm *F D Tube inner diameter ft D. Tube outer diameter ft f Friction factor F. Pressure Gradient in the Tube lbf/ft 2/ft g Gravity ft/sec 2 2 G Mass velocity of the liquid lbm/hr ft G vMass velocity of the vapor ibm/hr ft 2 h fg Latent heat of the evaporation Btu/lbm h Local heat transfer coefficient Btu/hr ft 2 *F z k Conductivity of the liquid Btu/hr ft *F L Length of the cooling water jacket ft Nu Nusselt Number Pr Prandtl Number (q/A) Heat flux Btu/ft 2hr Re Reynolds Number T Inner wall temperature *F T Outer wall temperature *F AT Temperature difference between vapor and condensing wall AT Cooling water temperature rise *F Vz Velocity of the condensate flow ft/sec W Flow rate of the fluid lbm/hr W Flow rate of the cooling water lbm/hr w z Distance from condensation starting point ft 0075 62.3 73 62.32 a [ I p MNIMIIIMIIIIMMMINII M ON110111101111111i
Proceeding of International Heat Transfer Conference 3
A combined analytical and experimental program was carried out to investigate the problem of hydr... more A combined analytical and experimental program was carried out to investigate the problem of hydrodynamic stability of forced-convection flows with boiling. The study was restricted to the flow of water in small channels (<".250 I.D.), high length-to-diameter ratios (25-200), moderate temperature and pressure (Ti~700F; Pex.<60 psia), and primarily directed toward subcooled, local boiling (hex<hsatliq.)-Two types of instability were recognized: The first, a non-recurring excursive instability, and the second, an oscillatory instability in which the operating point varies in a sustained, repetitive way around the original condition. The excursive behavior was predicted on the basis of a comparison of the slopes of the pressure drop vs. flow rate curve of the heated section and the external system. The criterion for stability was simply that the slope of the external system characteristic be more strongly negative than that of the heated section. This was verified experimentally. This excursion was found to be the limiting condition on the heat flux in a parallel channel system.
International Heat Transfer Conference 16
Proceedings of the American Power Conference, 1984
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1986
From March 23rd to 26th, 1987, the city of New Orleans hosted 350 attendees at the 1987 Joint Sym... more From March 23rd to 26th, 1987, the city of New Orleans hosted 350 attendees at the 1987 Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOâ Control. Cosponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the symposium provided attendees the opportunity to hear papers covering technological and regulatory developments on NOâ control in the United States
Energy Conversion and Management, Aug 31, 1996
Mitigation strategies have been explored, and these topics will be discussed with emphasis on ter... more Mitigation strategies have been explored, and these topics will be discussed with emphasis on terrestrial ecosystem sequestration as an illustration of successful research. The use of halophyte horticulture for near-term solution to environmental problems and for food application has been demonstrated and is in commercial production in Mexico and Saudi Arabia. Halophyte horticulture fixes carbon from the atmosphere using desert land areas and features sea water for irrigation.
Shakedown tests are under way on advanced ammonia-based cooling at a heavily instrumented test fa... more Shakedown tests are under way on advanced ammonia-based cooling at a heavily instrumented test facility in southern California. Favorable results could open the door to greater economy and siting flexibility for power plants in water-short areas. Dry-cooling technology may be ...
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1986
Modifications to the combustion process have been the basis for NOx control on new coal-fired pow... more Modifications to the combustion process have been the basis for NOx control on new coal-fired power plants to meet federal New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Promulgated in 1971 and revised in 1978. In the event that retrofit NOx control is required on pre-NSPS plants, low-NOx combustion will likely be the least cost approach, if such controls can be successfully applied to the wide diversity of these older utility boiler designs now in operation. A series of retrofit low-NOx combustion demonstrations supported by EPRI and electric utility companies are intended to establish the technical and economic feasibility of this approach.
Volume 3: Gas Turbine Heat Transfer; Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing and Manufacturing; Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment; Symposium in Honor of Professor Richard Goldstein; Symposium in Honor of Prof. Spalding; Symposium in Honor of Prof. Arthur E. Bergles, 2013
Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology; Energy Water Nexus; Globalization of Engineering; Posters, 2011
Thermal Power Plant Cooling, 2014
2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference, Volume 4, 2010
Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 2009
lean, fresh water has become a critical resource in the U.S. with growing demand due to increases... more lean, fresh water has become a critical resource in the U.S. with growing demand due to increases in population and economic activity, exacerbated by population shifts to more arid regions. At the same time, goals of environmental protection and enhancement require improvements in water quality to sustain wildlife and recreation. While local impacts of global climate change are uncertain, its overall impact is expected to be a further reduction in water availability. The southwestern U.S. is especially vulnerable to water shortages because of rapid population growth and low rainfall, but growth in other regions may also lead to warm-weather shortages. Roy et al. (2005) estimated that water sustainability concerns will be greatest in the west, and that many regions in the eastern U.S. may also require new water supplies by 2025 unless existing patterns of water use can be modified. Water availability has become a contentious siting issue for thermoelectric power plants, which must compete with the growing demands of municipalities, agriculture, and industry for surface water and groundwater supplies. This can constrain development in water-poor regions, and affects the topology of the national grid that transmits electricity between regions. Power plants currently account for about 3 percent of the freshwater consumed in the U.S., in contrast with agriculture, which consumes about 40 percent (U.S. Geological Survey 2004). In fact, thermoelectric power generation accounts for about 40 percent of all U.S. freshwater withdrawals because about half of U.S. plants still use once-through cooling technology-water withdrawn from an ambient water body moves only once through the cooling system before being discharged back into the environment. If a thermoelectric power plant cannot meet its withdrawal requirements, it will have to either reduce its power output or shut down. Growing Electric Power and Water Demands: Consequences and Solutions The competition over limited water supplies has put pressure on the electric power sector to use less water, and on regional authorities to manage water resources more intensively. There is also increasing attention to energy conservation in the water sector, especially in water-poor areas that require the most pumping, conveyance, and treatment to meet needs (U.S. Department of Energy 2006). Viewed as a problem of sustainability, the challenge is to maintain steady growth in living standards, including electric power sufficient to support that growth, while also continuing to serve needs that can only be met by clean and ample water resources. If to meet current needs, water supplies are exhausted or fouled, they become unavailable for future uses. In today's climate of diminishing water availability, sustainable regional development requires the planning of water and energy infrastructures to be integrated. The pressure on water supplies can be reduced, however, through applications of innovative approaches to water conservation. These include both regional planning tools and measures to reduce water consumption by thermoelectric plants. The choice of cooling technology and other decisions affecting water use are part of an overall siting and plant design process in which demand