John Orcutt - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by John Orcutt

Research paper thumbnail of Description and Performance of the Marine Seismic System during the NGENDEI Experiment

U.S. Government Printing Office eBooks, Mar 1, 1987

The Marine Seismic System (MSS) and its performance during the Ngendei Experiment are described. ... more The Marine Seismic System (MSS) and its performance during the Ngendei Experiment are described. The MSS is a digital, triaxial submarine borehole seismograph that comprises a borehole sensor package connected by coaxial cable to an ocean-bottom recording unit. Two shipboard recording systems provide redundant data logging and instrumentation monitoring capability. One of the shipboard consoles, the Teledyne system, monitored the borehole package. The other, the Gould system, emulated the functions of the ocean-bottom recorder. A submerged mooring facilitates the installation and recovery of the ocean-bottom recorder. The borehole package is emplaced by means of a special carriage tool employed at the bottom end of the drill string. The package rested undamped at the bottom of DSDP Hole 595B, 54 m within basement rock overlain by 70 m of sediments. The hole-lock and cable-isolating mechanisms of the borehole package were disconnected after they were found to damage the coaxial cable. One of the horizontal seismometers was apparently damaged and consequently yielded no usable data. Totals of 120, 83, and 43 hours of data were collected on the Teledyne and Gould shipboard recorders and on the ocean-bottom recorder. The ocean-bottom recorder failed after approximately 2 days of operation because of a water leak in one of its two battery spheres.

Research paper thumbnail of A Deep-Ocean Observatory with Near Real-time Telemetry

Research paper thumbnail of Seismic Detection and Discrimination Using Ocean-Bottom Seismographs

Research paper thumbnail of An ocean bottom seismic observatory with near real‐time telemetry

Earth and Space Science, Feb 1, 2016

We describe a new technology that can provide near real-time telemetry of sensor data from the oc... more We describe a new technology that can provide near real-time telemetry of sensor data from the ocean bottom without a moored buoy or a cable to shore. The breakthrough technology that makes this system possible is an autonomous surface vehicle called a Wave Glider developed by Liquid Robotics, Inc. of Sunnyvale, CA, which harvests wave and solar energy for motive and electrical power. We present results from several deployments of a prototype system that demonstrate the feasibility of this concept. We also demonstrated that a wave glider could tow a suitably designed ocean bottom package with acceptable loss of speed. With further development such a system could be deployed autonomously and provide real-time telemetry of data from seafloor sensors.

Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 7 An Observational and Theoretical Synthesis of Magma Chamber Geometry and Crustal Genesis along a Mid-ocean Ridge Spreading Center

International Geophysics, 1994

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews seismological evidence and other geophysical evidence that... more Publisher Summary This chapter reviews seismological evidence and other geophysical evidence that the axial magma chamber beneath a fast spreading ridge is a narrow, thin, magma lens that lies at the sheeted-dike/gabbro cumulate transition region roughly 1.2–1.5 km beneath the seafloor and overlies a broader region of hot rock with at most ∼3–5% of partial melt fraction. This axial magma chamber appears to contradict earlier ophiolite-based studies that used the dip and dip relations within the cumulate gabbro layer to argue for a broad, gabbro-layer-thickness magma body that deposited cumulates along its base and sides. However, it is compatible with an emerging theoretical paradigm that crustal accretion occurs by magma emplacement and solidification within this magma lens, with cumulates subsiding and flowing to form the lower crust. The chapter presents a theoretical thermal and mechanical model for the crustal genesis that incorporates this paradigm and successfully explains the observed depth dependence of the axial magma lens with spreading rate (and the fact that no axial magma lens has been seen in a ridge with a median valley morphology), as well as observed relationships among axial morphology, spreading rate, and magma supply. The depth (and existence) of an axial magma lens and the axial morphology along a spreading center share a common thermal origin, which is a function of spreading rate and magma supply.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of an autonomously deployable telemetered deep ocean seismic observatory

Research paper thumbnail of Toward in Situ Monitoring of Active Submarine Volcanoes: A Progress Report

There is still much to be learned about active submarine volcanoes, especially when compared with... more There is still much to be learned about active submarine volcanoes, especially when compared with what is known about on-land volcanoes; we arejust beginning to understand crustal generation processes at mid-ocean ridges and the hazards associated with shallow-submarine volcanoes. We have developed a first-order ocean floor volcano monitoring instrument, a TILT-OBS, to improve our understanding of active submarine volcanoes. This self-contained device, designed for exploratory work, is equipped with Ocean-Bottom Seismographs (OBS) and tilt sensors and thus is capable of measuring microseismicity and tilt in one easily deployed instrument. We have completed construction of three prototype TILT-OBSs and have carried out laboratory tests. While the seismographs have already been used successfully for volcano monitoring at mid-ocean ridges, the tiltmeter part of the instrument still awaits sea trials. Laboratory tests of the tiltmeters inside the OBS capsule have given acceptable results, with an operational sensitivity of< 1wad and drift rates of about 4 wad/day. This is sufficient to monitor the near-vent deformation of submarine volcanoes if their deformation is similar to that of such subaerial volcanoes as Kilauea, Hawaii. Plans for further development include a reduction of instrument drift, the capability of increased bottom time, and an evaluation of ground-coupling characteristics on the ocean floor.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Ambient Seismic Noise Recorded by Downhole and Ocean-Bottom Seismometers on Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 78B

U.S. Government Printing Office eBooks, Aug 1, 1984

Ambient seismic noise at depth in the ocean crust is characterized using data from the Marine Sei... more Ambient seismic noise at depth in the ocean crust is characterized using data from the Marine Seismic System (MSS), a vertical-component, digitally recording, short-period seismograph system which was part of the borehole instrumentation deployed on Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 78B. The instrument package rested undamped in Hole 395A, 516 m sub-basement. Reliable estimates of microseismic noise levels were obtained between 0.16 and 2.2 Hz; instrument noise dominated outside this band. The observed microseismic noise was quasi-stationary on a time scale of 1 hr., but not 10. Although spectral shapes were stable, noise amplitudes grew with time over the 26-hr, observation period by 3 to 5 dB. The borehole noise levels increased concurrently with local swell height, suggesting a causal relationship. An estimate of displacement power densities obtained early in the experiment had a peak value of 4 x 10 6 nm 2 / Hz at 0.21 Hz, and decreased at 80 dB/decade from 1 × 10 6 nmVHz at 0.33 Hz to 1 nm 2 /Hz at 1.9 Hz. Noise levels observed at the seafloor near Hole 395A were greater than those observed in the borehole by a factor which increased with frequency from 10 dB at 0.2 Hz to 28 dB at 2 Hz. This is consistent with noise propagating as a fundamental-mode Stoneley wave trapped near the sediment/seawater interface. If the relationship observed between noise at and below the seafloor during Leg 78B is a general one, ocean-bottom borehole noise levels could approach those at quiet continental sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling out‐of‐plane features in marine reflection data using seabeam bathymetry

Research paper thumbnail of Breathing of the seafloor: Tidal correlations of seismicity at Axial volcano

Geology, 2002

Figure 1. Locations and names of three ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) used to locate events and ... more Figure 1. Locations and names of three ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) used to locate events and NOAA-PMEL's bottom-pressure recorder (BPR). All located earthquakes are shown as green dots. Purple star indicates location of water-column anomaly as recorded during OBS deployments. Lower right figure shows outline of 1998 flow (Embley et al., 1999) compared with location of 1994 seismicity. Lower-left figure shows location of Axial volcano (AS is Axial Seamount) on Juan de Fuca Ridge, off coast of northwestern United States.

Research paper thumbnail of ADDOSS: Autonomously Deployed Deep-ocean Seismic System - Communications Gateway for Ocean Observatories

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Kirchhoff‐Helmholtz modeling of sea‐floor scattering in a mid‐atlantic ridge (23° N) seismic reflection profile

Research paper thumbnail of 6. Description and Performance of the Marine Seismic System During the Ngendei Experiment

The Marine Seismic System (MSS) and its performance during the Ngendei Experiment are described. ... more The Marine Seismic System (MSS) and its performance during the Ngendei Experiment are described. The MSS is a digital, triaxial submarine borehole seismograph that comprises a borehole sensor package connected by coaxial cable to an ocean-bottom recording unit. Two shipboard recording systems provide redundant data logging and instrumentation monitoring capability. One of the shipboard consoles, the Teledyne system, monitored the borehole package. The other, the Gould system, emulated the functions of the ocean-bottom recorder. A submerged mooring facilitates the installation and recovery of the ocean-bottom recorder. The borehole package is emplaced by means of a special carriage tool employed at the bottom end of the drill string. The package rested undamped at the bottom of DSDP Hole 595B, 54 m within basement rock overlain by 70 m of sediments. The hole-lock and cable-isolating mechanisms of the borehole package were disconnected after they were found to damage the coaxial cable. One of the horizontal seismometers was apparently damaged and consequently yielded no usable data. Totals of 120, 83, and 43 hours of data were collected on the Teledyne and Gould shipboard recorders and on the ocean-bottom recorder. The ocean-bottom recorder failed after approximately 2 days of operation because of a water leak in one of its two battery spheres.

Research paper thumbnail of Observations and Causes of Ocean and Seafloor Noise at Ultra-Low and Very-Low Frequencies

Springer eBooks, 1993

... JOHN A. ORCUTT Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (A-025) Scripps institution of O... more ... JOHN A. ORCUTT Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (A-025) Scripps institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA CHARLES S. COX ... u. In the same band, very low phase velocity modes exist with energy largely confined to the sediment as Stoneley waves. ...

Research paper thumbnail of MEDEA, Spy Satellites, and Global Fiducials

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of A Modern Operating System for Near-real-time Environmental Observatories

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Valuing Young Startups is Unavoidably Difficult: Using (and Misusing) Deferred-Equity Instruments for Seed Investing

Tulsa Law Review, 2020

former investment bank subsidiary of the FleetBoston Financial Group and of Bank of America) in v... more former investment bank subsidiary of the FleetBoston Financial Group and of Bank of America) in various roles, including serving as head of the firm's West Coast Telecom Services Investment Banking Practice and Chief Administrative Officer of the firm's Mergers & Acquisitions Group. Robertson Stephens was a leading investment bank for startups. 1. See, e.g., ASWATH DAMODARAN, THE DARK SIDE OF VALUATION: VALUING YOUNG, DISTRESSED, AND COMPLEX BUSINESSES 11 (3d ed. 2018) [hereinafter DARK SIDE OF VALUATION]. 2. "A unicorn is a term used in the venture capital industry to describe a privately held startup company with a value of over $1 billion." James Chen, Unicorns, INVESTOPEDIA (Oct. 15, 2019), https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unicorn.asp. 3. Jeffrey Sohl, The Changing Nature of the Angel Market, in 2 HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON VENTURE CAPITAL: A GLOBALIZING INDUSTRY 17, 21-22 (Hans Landström & Colin Mason eds., 2012). 4. See ASWATH DAMODARAN, DAMODARAN ON VALUATION: SECURITY ANALYSIS FOR INVESTMENT AND CORPORATE FINANCE 1 (2d ed. 2006) [hereinafter DAMODARAN ON VALUATION] ("Knowing what an asset is worth and what determines that value is a prerequisite for intelligent decision making-in choosing investments for a portfolio, in deciding on the appropriate price to pay or receive in a takeover, and in making investment, financing, and dividend choices when running a business. .. . A postulate of sound investing is that an investor does not pay more for an asset than it is worth."). 5. Venture capital firms, angels, and accelerators are defined in infra Part I. 6.

Research paper thumbnail of Observations and Causes of Ocean and Seafloor Noise at Ultra-Low and Very-Low Frequencies

Natural Physical Sources of Underwater Sound, 1993

... JOHN A. ORCUTT Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (A-025) Scripps institution of O... more ... JOHN A. ORCUTT Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (A-025) Scripps institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA CHARLES S. COX ... u. In the same band, very low phase velocity modes exist with energy largely confined to the sediment as Stoneley waves. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Global Ocean Observatories

Law, Science & Ocean Management

Research paper thumbnail of The Case Against Exempting Smaller Reporting Companies From Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404: Why Market-Based Solutions are Likely to Harm Ordinary Investors

FORDHAM JOURNAL OF CORPORATE & FINANCIAL …, 2009

THE CASE AGAINST EXEMPTING 329 SMALLER REPORTING COMPANIES reporting company's management annuall... more THE CASE AGAINST EXEMPTING 329 SMALLER REPORTING COMPANIES reporting company's management annually assess and publicly disclose the effectiveness of the company's ICFR 6 , and (ii) the company's outside auditor attest to that assessment. 7 The primary objective for Section 404 is presumably to improve the accuracy of financial disclosure by requiring companies to maintain effective ICFRs.' The controversy surrounding Section 404, however, has not focused on the provision's underlying objective, 9 but rather on whether the substantial compliance costs involved with Section 404 exceed the statute's benefits.' 0 In its June 2003 release adopting the implementation rules for Section 404," the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") estimated that the annual cost for Section 404 compliance would run $91,000 per company. ' 2 Subsequent studies have shown, however, that the actual cost is exponentially greater than the 6. SOX § 404(a), 15 U.S.C. 7262(a) (2002). 7. Id. § 7262(b). 8. CCMR REPORT, supra note 3, at 119. 9. Id. at 115. Note, however, that the CCMR Report states a slightly different objective for Section 404 than is proposed by this Article, as the CCMR Report focuses more on a possible public perception goal. The CCMR Report states that Section 404 "is aimed at reducing the market impact from accounting 'errors'whether from fraud, inadvertent misstatements, or omissionsby assuring investors that public companies maintain effective controls over financial reporting." Id.

Research paper thumbnail of Description and Performance of the Marine Seismic System during the NGENDEI Experiment

U.S. Government Printing Office eBooks, Mar 1, 1987

The Marine Seismic System (MSS) and its performance during the Ngendei Experiment are described. ... more The Marine Seismic System (MSS) and its performance during the Ngendei Experiment are described. The MSS is a digital, triaxial submarine borehole seismograph that comprises a borehole sensor package connected by coaxial cable to an ocean-bottom recording unit. Two shipboard recording systems provide redundant data logging and instrumentation monitoring capability. One of the shipboard consoles, the Teledyne system, monitored the borehole package. The other, the Gould system, emulated the functions of the ocean-bottom recorder. A submerged mooring facilitates the installation and recovery of the ocean-bottom recorder. The borehole package is emplaced by means of a special carriage tool employed at the bottom end of the drill string. The package rested undamped at the bottom of DSDP Hole 595B, 54 m within basement rock overlain by 70 m of sediments. The hole-lock and cable-isolating mechanisms of the borehole package were disconnected after they were found to damage the coaxial cable. One of the horizontal seismometers was apparently damaged and consequently yielded no usable data. Totals of 120, 83, and 43 hours of data were collected on the Teledyne and Gould shipboard recorders and on the ocean-bottom recorder. The ocean-bottom recorder failed after approximately 2 days of operation because of a water leak in one of its two battery spheres.

Research paper thumbnail of A Deep-Ocean Observatory with Near Real-time Telemetry

Research paper thumbnail of Seismic Detection and Discrimination Using Ocean-Bottom Seismographs

Research paper thumbnail of An ocean bottom seismic observatory with near real‐time telemetry

Earth and Space Science, Feb 1, 2016

We describe a new technology that can provide near real-time telemetry of sensor data from the oc... more We describe a new technology that can provide near real-time telemetry of sensor data from the ocean bottom without a moored buoy or a cable to shore. The breakthrough technology that makes this system possible is an autonomous surface vehicle called a Wave Glider developed by Liquid Robotics, Inc. of Sunnyvale, CA, which harvests wave and solar energy for motive and electrical power. We present results from several deployments of a prototype system that demonstrate the feasibility of this concept. We also demonstrated that a wave glider could tow a suitably designed ocean bottom package with acceptable loss of speed. With further development such a system could be deployed autonomously and provide real-time telemetry of data from seafloor sensors.

Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 7 An Observational and Theoretical Synthesis of Magma Chamber Geometry and Crustal Genesis along a Mid-ocean Ridge Spreading Center

International Geophysics, 1994

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews seismological evidence and other geophysical evidence that... more Publisher Summary This chapter reviews seismological evidence and other geophysical evidence that the axial magma chamber beneath a fast spreading ridge is a narrow, thin, magma lens that lies at the sheeted-dike/gabbro cumulate transition region roughly 1.2–1.5 km beneath the seafloor and overlies a broader region of hot rock with at most ∼3–5% of partial melt fraction. This axial magma chamber appears to contradict earlier ophiolite-based studies that used the dip and dip relations within the cumulate gabbro layer to argue for a broad, gabbro-layer-thickness magma body that deposited cumulates along its base and sides. However, it is compatible with an emerging theoretical paradigm that crustal accretion occurs by magma emplacement and solidification within this magma lens, with cumulates subsiding and flowing to form the lower crust. The chapter presents a theoretical thermal and mechanical model for the crustal genesis that incorporates this paradigm and successfully explains the observed depth dependence of the axial magma lens with spreading rate (and the fact that no axial magma lens has been seen in a ridge with a median valley morphology), as well as observed relationships among axial morphology, spreading rate, and magma supply. The depth (and existence) of an axial magma lens and the axial morphology along a spreading center share a common thermal origin, which is a function of spreading rate and magma supply.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of an autonomously deployable telemetered deep ocean seismic observatory

Research paper thumbnail of Toward in Situ Monitoring of Active Submarine Volcanoes: A Progress Report

There is still much to be learned about active submarine volcanoes, especially when compared with... more There is still much to be learned about active submarine volcanoes, especially when compared with what is known about on-land volcanoes; we arejust beginning to understand crustal generation processes at mid-ocean ridges and the hazards associated with shallow-submarine volcanoes. We have developed a first-order ocean floor volcano monitoring instrument, a TILT-OBS, to improve our understanding of active submarine volcanoes. This self-contained device, designed for exploratory work, is equipped with Ocean-Bottom Seismographs (OBS) and tilt sensors and thus is capable of measuring microseismicity and tilt in one easily deployed instrument. We have completed construction of three prototype TILT-OBSs and have carried out laboratory tests. While the seismographs have already been used successfully for volcano monitoring at mid-ocean ridges, the tiltmeter part of the instrument still awaits sea trials. Laboratory tests of the tiltmeters inside the OBS capsule have given acceptable results, with an operational sensitivity of< 1wad and drift rates of about 4 wad/day. This is sufficient to monitor the near-vent deformation of submarine volcanoes if their deformation is similar to that of such subaerial volcanoes as Kilauea, Hawaii. Plans for further development include a reduction of instrument drift, the capability of increased bottom time, and an evaluation of ground-coupling characteristics on the ocean floor.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Ambient Seismic Noise Recorded by Downhole and Ocean-Bottom Seismometers on Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 78B

U.S. Government Printing Office eBooks, Aug 1, 1984

Ambient seismic noise at depth in the ocean crust is characterized using data from the Marine Sei... more Ambient seismic noise at depth in the ocean crust is characterized using data from the Marine Seismic System (MSS), a vertical-component, digitally recording, short-period seismograph system which was part of the borehole instrumentation deployed on Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 78B. The instrument package rested undamped in Hole 395A, 516 m sub-basement. Reliable estimates of microseismic noise levels were obtained between 0.16 and 2.2 Hz; instrument noise dominated outside this band. The observed microseismic noise was quasi-stationary on a time scale of 1 hr., but not 10. Although spectral shapes were stable, noise amplitudes grew with time over the 26-hr, observation period by 3 to 5 dB. The borehole noise levels increased concurrently with local swell height, suggesting a causal relationship. An estimate of displacement power densities obtained early in the experiment had a peak value of 4 x 10 6 nm 2 / Hz at 0.21 Hz, and decreased at 80 dB/decade from 1 × 10 6 nmVHz at 0.33 Hz to 1 nm 2 /Hz at 1.9 Hz. Noise levels observed at the seafloor near Hole 395A were greater than those observed in the borehole by a factor which increased with frequency from 10 dB at 0.2 Hz to 28 dB at 2 Hz. This is consistent with noise propagating as a fundamental-mode Stoneley wave trapped near the sediment/seawater interface. If the relationship observed between noise at and below the seafloor during Leg 78B is a general one, ocean-bottom borehole noise levels could approach those at quiet continental sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling out‐of‐plane features in marine reflection data using seabeam bathymetry

Research paper thumbnail of Breathing of the seafloor: Tidal correlations of seismicity at Axial volcano

Geology, 2002

Figure 1. Locations and names of three ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) used to locate events and ... more Figure 1. Locations and names of three ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) used to locate events and NOAA-PMEL's bottom-pressure recorder (BPR). All located earthquakes are shown as green dots. Purple star indicates location of water-column anomaly as recorded during OBS deployments. Lower right figure shows outline of 1998 flow (Embley et al., 1999) compared with location of 1994 seismicity. Lower-left figure shows location of Axial volcano (AS is Axial Seamount) on Juan de Fuca Ridge, off coast of northwestern United States.

Research paper thumbnail of ADDOSS: Autonomously Deployed Deep-ocean Seismic System - Communications Gateway for Ocean Observatories

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Kirchhoff‐Helmholtz modeling of sea‐floor scattering in a mid‐atlantic ridge (23° N) seismic reflection profile

Research paper thumbnail of 6. Description and Performance of the Marine Seismic System During the Ngendei Experiment

The Marine Seismic System (MSS) and its performance during the Ngendei Experiment are described. ... more The Marine Seismic System (MSS) and its performance during the Ngendei Experiment are described. The MSS is a digital, triaxial submarine borehole seismograph that comprises a borehole sensor package connected by coaxial cable to an ocean-bottom recording unit. Two shipboard recording systems provide redundant data logging and instrumentation monitoring capability. One of the shipboard consoles, the Teledyne system, monitored the borehole package. The other, the Gould system, emulated the functions of the ocean-bottom recorder. A submerged mooring facilitates the installation and recovery of the ocean-bottom recorder. The borehole package is emplaced by means of a special carriage tool employed at the bottom end of the drill string. The package rested undamped at the bottom of DSDP Hole 595B, 54 m within basement rock overlain by 70 m of sediments. The hole-lock and cable-isolating mechanisms of the borehole package were disconnected after they were found to damage the coaxial cable. One of the horizontal seismometers was apparently damaged and consequently yielded no usable data. Totals of 120, 83, and 43 hours of data were collected on the Teledyne and Gould shipboard recorders and on the ocean-bottom recorder. The ocean-bottom recorder failed after approximately 2 days of operation because of a water leak in one of its two battery spheres.

Research paper thumbnail of Observations and Causes of Ocean and Seafloor Noise at Ultra-Low and Very-Low Frequencies

Springer eBooks, 1993

... JOHN A. ORCUTT Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (A-025) Scripps institution of O... more ... JOHN A. ORCUTT Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (A-025) Scripps institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA CHARLES S. COX ... u. In the same band, very low phase velocity modes exist with energy largely confined to the sediment as Stoneley waves. ...

Research paper thumbnail of MEDEA, Spy Satellites, and Global Fiducials

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of A Modern Operating System for Near-real-time Environmental Observatories

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Valuing Young Startups is Unavoidably Difficult: Using (and Misusing) Deferred-Equity Instruments for Seed Investing

Tulsa Law Review, 2020

former investment bank subsidiary of the FleetBoston Financial Group and of Bank of America) in v... more former investment bank subsidiary of the FleetBoston Financial Group and of Bank of America) in various roles, including serving as head of the firm's West Coast Telecom Services Investment Banking Practice and Chief Administrative Officer of the firm's Mergers & Acquisitions Group. Robertson Stephens was a leading investment bank for startups. 1. See, e.g., ASWATH DAMODARAN, THE DARK SIDE OF VALUATION: VALUING YOUNG, DISTRESSED, AND COMPLEX BUSINESSES 11 (3d ed. 2018) [hereinafter DARK SIDE OF VALUATION]. 2. "A unicorn is a term used in the venture capital industry to describe a privately held startup company with a value of over $1 billion." James Chen, Unicorns, INVESTOPEDIA (Oct. 15, 2019), https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unicorn.asp. 3. Jeffrey Sohl, The Changing Nature of the Angel Market, in 2 HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON VENTURE CAPITAL: A GLOBALIZING INDUSTRY 17, 21-22 (Hans Landström & Colin Mason eds., 2012). 4. See ASWATH DAMODARAN, DAMODARAN ON VALUATION: SECURITY ANALYSIS FOR INVESTMENT AND CORPORATE FINANCE 1 (2d ed. 2006) [hereinafter DAMODARAN ON VALUATION] ("Knowing what an asset is worth and what determines that value is a prerequisite for intelligent decision making-in choosing investments for a portfolio, in deciding on the appropriate price to pay or receive in a takeover, and in making investment, financing, and dividend choices when running a business. .. . A postulate of sound investing is that an investor does not pay more for an asset than it is worth."). 5. Venture capital firms, angels, and accelerators are defined in infra Part I. 6.

Research paper thumbnail of Observations and Causes of Ocean and Seafloor Noise at Ultra-Low and Very-Low Frequencies

Natural Physical Sources of Underwater Sound, 1993

... JOHN A. ORCUTT Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (A-025) Scripps institution of O... more ... JOHN A. ORCUTT Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (A-025) Scripps institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA CHARLES S. COX ... u. In the same band, very low phase velocity modes exist with energy largely confined to the sediment as Stoneley waves. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Global Ocean Observatories

Law, Science & Ocean Management

Research paper thumbnail of The Case Against Exempting Smaller Reporting Companies From Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404: Why Market-Based Solutions are Likely to Harm Ordinary Investors

FORDHAM JOURNAL OF CORPORATE & FINANCIAL …, 2009

THE CASE AGAINST EXEMPTING 329 SMALLER REPORTING COMPANIES reporting company's management annuall... more THE CASE AGAINST EXEMPTING 329 SMALLER REPORTING COMPANIES reporting company's management annually assess and publicly disclose the effectiveness of the company's ICFR 6 , and (ii) the company's outside auditor attest to that assessment. 7 The primary objective for Section 404 is presumably to improve the accuracy of financial disclosure by requiring companies to maintain effective ICFRs.' The controversy surrounding Section 404, however, has not focused on the provision's underlying objective, 9 but rather on whether the substantial compliance costs involved with Section 404 exceed the statute's benefits.' 0 In its June 2003 release adopting the implementation rules for Section 404," the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") estimated that the annual cost for Section 404 compliance would run $91,000 per company. ' 2 Subsequent studies have shown, however, that the actual cost is exponentially greater than the 6. SOX § 404(a), 15 U.S.C. 7262(a) (2002). 7. Id. § 7262(b). 8. CCMR REPORT, supra note 3, at 119. 9. Id. at 115. Note, however, that the CCMR Report states a slightly different objective for Section 404 than is proposed by this Article, as the CCMR Report focuses more on a possible public perception goal. The CCMR Report states that Section 404 "is aimed at reducing the market impact from accounting 'errors'whether from fraud, inadvertent misstatements, or omissionsby assuring investors that public companies maintain effective controls over financial reporting." Id.