John Sudano - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by John Sudano

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, 1995

Ieee Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1995

Physical Review B, 1976

We have previously developed a model Hamiltonian called the cubic model to explain the salient fe... more We have previously developed a model Hamiltonian called the cubic model to explain the salient features of the critical behavior of a group of cubic rare-earth compounds. There are interaction terms present in real systems that were neglected in this model. Here we consider how they modify the tricritical-like phase transition of the cubic model that was predicted by using the mean-field approximation. We find that for rare-earth compounds with large angular momentum J, the neglect of the overlap between the sixfold degenerate states is justified. Crystal fields which make a nonmagnetic state lowest in energy tend to drive the transition first order. These results which are readily obtained only within the mean-field approximation are expected to hold in better statistical approximations. Within both the mean-field and Bethe-Peierls-Weiss approximation quadrupolar pair interactions that favor parallel ordering of the moments drive the transition first order, while those favoring perpendicular ordering of the moments drive the transition second order. As the cubic model has a first-order phase transition in the Bethe-Peierls-Weiss approximation in zero fields, the transition is not tricritical. Therefore we have determined by using this approximation the size of the single-ion anisotropy, or quadrupolar pair interaction, needed to drive the system tricritical. The magnitudes required to achieve this are within the limits estimated from experimental data.

Sixth International Conference of Information Fusion, 2003. Proceedings of the, 2003

ABSTRACT Not Available

Proceedings of the IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1997, 2000

Present combat systems are being upgraded to properly meet the new capabilities being developed a... more Present combat systems are being upgraded to properly meet the new capabilities being developed against tactical ballistic missiles. The local coordinate systems are being upgraded to a global (WGS-84) coordinate system so that the correct exchange of threat information with other defending units can be done correctly and in a timely manner. This coordinate system upgrade is also used to properly track these threats, The computation of an Earth-centered coordinate (XECC, YECC, ZECC) system for a track referenced by altitude, latitude, and longitude is straightforward in biaxial (WGS-84) ellipsoid Earth. The problem arises using the Earth-centered coordinate system for the inverse operation to recompute the altitude, latitude and longitude of the track. This computation can only be done approximately. This article introduces a unique analytic derivation to calculate exactly the latitude, longitude, and altitude of a track from an Earth centered coordinate system. The problem is transformed into solving for a root of an eighth-order polynomial, which can then be reduced and solved by rewriting as a quartic equation. A robust, iterative numerical algorithm for computer implementation is also presented for platforms having computational and memory constraint. An example is given and comparisons made to show the application of these techniques

Ieee Trans Aerosp Electron Sy, 1995

Proceedings of National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON'94), 1994

ABSTRACT Estimating the true altitude of a track from 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinates of a ra... more ABSTRACT Estimating the true altitude of a track from 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinates of a radar has always been a challenge. In the early days of radar a 4/3 earth-radius refraction model algorithm was sufficient to describe the altitude of a track, since planes didn't fly too high and radars had less power and range. Many present radars track objects outside the limits of this simple model and better estimates are needed. This article outlines a series of simple algorithm approximations that are used to compute the altitude of a track. Altitude estimation errors are more than a factor of 10 smaller than the 4/3 earth model. The algorithm approximations for computing the altitude are relatively simple and very efficient to code

Proceedings of the IEEE 1998 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1998. Celebrating 50 Years (Cat. No.98CH36185), 1998

ABSTRACT Today's highly capable threats, low reaction time scenarios, diverse sensor envi... more ABSTRACT Today's highly capable threats, low reaction time scenarios, diverse sensor environments, and intelligent adversarial jamming capabilities require a fast and robust tracking fusion process. The fusion of all organic (belonging to the same platform, e.g., ship, airplane, submarine, ...) sensor tracking processes improves the operational effectiveness of any platform be it fire control or situational awareness. This article discusses two concepts relevant in many existing platforms: the fusion of sensors tracks, and the optimal use of legacy systems in the fusion process

A transformation of unit vectors between Cartesian earth centered and local north, east, and up c... more A transformation of unit vectors between Cartesian earth centered and local north, east, and up coordinates is presented to simplify derivations on an ellipsoid Earth. The unit vector relationships an used to simplify the derivation of a transformation for sending track files from a sensor platform (latitude, longitude) with local Cartesian coordinates (Xs-East, Ys-North, Zs-Up) to a receiving platform (latitude', longitude') with local Cartesian coordinates (Xr-East, Yr-North, Zr-Up). Zero altitude for both coordinate systems is taken to be sea level. Tracks may be ballistic, air, surface and/or subsurface

An analytical solution is obtained for a steady-state Kalman filter tracker with a random power s... more An analytical solution is obtained for a steady-state Kalman filter tracker with a random power spectral density as process noise. Great insight is obtained from these analytic solutions of trackers. Optimal relationships are obtained between the gain variables. A unitless tracking index is defined as the only variable driving the steady-state Kalman filter tracker. This unitless tracking index value is defined as: Λ=√(psd8(ΔT)3/σm 2). Optimal gains and minimum covariance are analytically calculated given the tracking index ΛA

Sharing of radar track data between sites greatly enhances the radar coverage at very little cost... more Sharing of radar track data between sites greatly enhances the radar coverage at very little cost in assets. By linking all the radars in a battlefield or a task force, a complete picture can be realized that supports faster response time and is robust against jamming, ECM, and DECM. In order for these benefits to be realized a good algorithm must transform tracks between sites without introducing large errors. This article describes a novel least square algorithm with covariance weighting (LSC) for computing translational and rotational (gridlock) errors between two radar sites that share common tracks. Simulations show that this technique reduces the gridlock errors by a factor of six over least squares algorithms with no covariance weighting

Sixth International Conference of Information Fusion, 2003. Proceedings of the, 2003

ABSTRACT System response times are too long and decision error too high in today's comput... more ABSTRACT System response times are too long and decision error too high in today's computer-missile combat systems. One of the most serious shortfalls of current combat system operations is time to perform identification tasks with reliable level of certainty when, predictably, reliable decisions are most needed time is too short and system demands are high. Automated methods of reliable information generation can reduce operator workload and the probability of decision error. Multisensor data fusion concept models that address this problem have been developed. The potential advantage of multisensor data fusion is its ability to process more kinds of sensor data and more complex variables at greater speed and with less error than human decision makers. Automation speeds the identification process and frees the operator to perform higher levels of decision making. This paper attempts to bring together a concept model of multisensor data fusion with a concept model of human-computer interaction that mutually support the system engineering effort to reduce decision error in combat system identification processes

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Fusion. FUSION 2002. (IEEE Cat.No.02EX5997), 2002

ABSTRACT A weakness of many information fusion systems is the assumption of a static sensor error... more ABSTRACT A weakness of many information fusion systems is the assumption of a static sensor error model in the fusion process. Monitoring sensor real-time measurements gives the system information on sensor performance, environmental effects, and adversary jamming capability. This article outlines the impact of sensor probability measurement errors on system decisions.

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Fusion. FUSION 2002. (IEEE Cat.No.02EX5997), 2002

ABSTRACT In some information fusion processes, the incomplete information set can be naturally ma... more ABSTRACT In some information fusion processes, the incomplete information set can be naturally mapped into a belief theory information set and a Bayesian probability theory information set. For decision making, the mapping of the belief theory fusion results represented by the basic belief assignment to a probability set is accomplished via a pignistic probability transform. This article introduces the inverse pignistic probability transforms (IPPT) that map the posteriori probabilities into the belief function theories, basic belief assignments. Also introduced are two infinite classes and some finite classes of mapping the posteriori probability results to the basic belief assignment of the belief theory.

Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509), 2004

In the design of information fusion systems, the reduction of computational complexity is a key d... more In the design of information fusion systems, the reduction of computational complexity is a key design parameter for real-time implementations. One way to simplify the computations is to decompose the system into subsystems of noncorrelated informational components, such as a qualitative informational component, a quantitative informational component, and a complement informational component. A probability information content (PIC) variable assigns an

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, 1995

Ieee Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1995

Physical Review B, 1976

We have previously developed a model Hamiltonian called the cubic model to explain the salient fe... more We have previously developed a model Hamiltonian called the cubic model to explain the salient features of the critical behavior of a group of cubic rare-earth compounds. There are interaction terms present in real systems that were neglected in this model. Here we consider how they modify the tricritical-like phase transition of the cubic model that was predicted by using the mean-field approximation. We find that for rare-earth compounds with large angular momentum J, the neglect of the overlap between the sixfold degenerate states is justified. Crystal fields which make a nonmagnetic state lowest in energy tend to drive the transition first order. These results which are readily obtained only within the mean-field approximation are expected to hold in better statistical approximations. Within both the mean-field and Bethe-Peierls-Weiss approximation quadrupolar pair interactions that favor parallel ordering of the moments drive the transition first order, while those favoring perpendicular ordering of the moments drive the transition second order. As the cubic model has a first-order phase transition in the Bethe-Peierls-Weiss approximation in zero fields, the transition is not tricritical. Therefore we have determined by using this approximation the size of the single-ion anisotropy, or quadrupolar pair interaction, needed to drive the system tricritical. The magnitudes required to achieve this are within the limits estimated from experimental data.

Sixth International Conference of Information Fusion, 2003. Proceedings of the, 2003

ABSTRACT Not Available

Proceedings of the IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1997, 2000

Present combat systems are being upgraded to properly meet the new capabilities being developed a... more Present combat systems are being upgraded to properly meet the new capabilities being developed against tactical ballistic missiles. The local coordinate systems are being upgraded to a global (WGS-84) coordinate system so that the correct exchange of threat information with other defending units can be done correctly and in a timely manner. This coordinate system upgrade is also used to properly track these threats, The computation of an Earth-centered coordinate (XECC, YECC, ZECC) system for a track referenced by altitude, latitude, and longitude is straightforward in biaxial (WGS-84) ellipsoid Earth. The problem arises using the Earth-centered coordinate system for the inverse operation to recompute the altitude, latitude and longitude of the track. This computation can only be done approximately. This article introduces a unique analytic derivation to calculate exactly the latitude, longitude, and altitude of a track from an Earth centered coordinate system. The problem is transformed into solving for a root of an eighth-order polynomial, which can then be reduced and solved by rewriting as a quartic equation. A robust, iterative numerical algorithm for computer implementation is also presented for platforms having computational and memory constraint. An example is given and comparisons made to show the application of these techniques

Ieee Trans Aerosp Electron Sy, 1995

Proceedings of National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON'94), 1994

ABSTRACT Estimating the true altitude of a track from 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinates of a ra... more ABSTRACT Estimating the true altitude of a track from 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinates of a radar has always been a challenge. In the early days of radar a 4/3 earth-radius refraction model algorithm was sufficient to describe the altitude of a track, since planes didn't fly too high and radars had less power and range. Many present radars track objects outside the limits of this simple model and better estimates are needed. This article outlines a series of simple algorithm approximations that are used to compute the altitude of a track. Altitude estimation errors are more than a factor of 10 smaller than the 4/3 earth model. The algorithm approximations for computing the altitude are relatively simple and very efficient to code

Proceedings of the IEEE 1998 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1998. Celebrating 50 Years (Cat. No.98CH36185), 1998

ABSTRACT Today's highly capable threats, low reaction time scenarios, diverse sensor envi... more ABSTRACT Today's highly capable threats, low reaction time scenarios, diverse sensor environments, and intelligent adversarial jamming capabilities require a fast and robust tracking fusion process. The fusion of all organic (belonging to the same platform, e.g., ship, airplane, submarine, ...) sensor tracking processes improves the operational effectiveness of any platform be it fire control or situational awareness. This article discusses two concepts relevant in many existing platforms: the fusion of sensors tracks, and the optimal use of legacy systems in the fusion process

A transformation of unit vectors between Cartesian earth centered and local north, east, and up c... more A transformation of unit vectors between Cartesian earth centered and local north, east, and up coordinates is presented to simplify derivations on an ellipsoid Earth. The unit vector relationships an used to simplify the derivation of a transformation for sending track files from a sensor platform (latitude, longitude) with local Cartesian coordinates (Xs-East, Ys-North, Zs-Up) to a receiving platform (latitude', longitude') with local Cartesian coordinates (Xr-East, Yr-North, Zr-Up). Zero altitude for both coordinate systems is taken to be sea level. Tracks may be ballistic, air, surface and/or subsurface

An analytical solution is obtained for a steady-state Kalman filter tracker with a random power s... more An analytical solution is obtained for a steady-state Kalman filter tracker with a random power spectral density as process noise. Great insight is obtained from these analytic solutions of trackers. Optimal relationships are obtained between the gain variables. A unitless tracking index is defined as the only variable driving the steady-state Kalman filter tracker. This unitless tracking index value is defined as: Λ=√(psd8(ΔT)3/σm 2). Optimal gains and minimum covariance are analytically calculated given the tracking index ΛA

Sharing of radar track data between sites greatly enhances the radar coverage at very little cost... more Sharing of radar track data between sites greatly enhances the radar coverage at very little cost in assets. By linking all the radars in a battlefield or a task force, a complete picture can be realized that supports faster response time and is robust against jamming, ECM, and DECM. In order for these benefits to be realized a good algorithm must transform tracks between sites without introducing large errors. This article describes a novel least square algorithm with covariance weighting (LSC) for computing translational and rotational (gridlock) errors between two radar sites that share common tracks. Simulations show that this technique reduces the gridlock errors by a factor of six over least squares algorithms with no covariance weighting

Sixth International Conference of Information Fusion, 2003. Proceedings of the, 2003

ABSTRACT System response times are too long and decision error too high in today's comput... more ABSTRACT System response times are too long and decision error too high in today's computer-missile combat systems. One of the most serious shortfalls of current combat system operations is time to perform identification tasks with reliable level of certainty when, predictably, reliable decisions are most needed time is too short and system demands are high. Automated methods of reliable information generation can reduce operator workload and the probability of decision error. Multisensor data fusion concept models that address this problem have been developed. The potential advantage of multisensor data fusion is its ability to process more kinds of sensor data and more complex variables at greater speed and with less error than human decision makers. Automation speeds the identification process and frees the operator to perform higher levels of decision making. This paper attempts to bring together a concept model of multisensor data fusion with a concept model of human-computer interaction that mutually support the system engineering effort to reduce decision error in combat system identification processes

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Fusion. FUSION 2002. (IEEE Cat.No.02EX5997), 2002

ABSTRACT A weakness of many information fusion systems is the assumption of a static sensor error... more ABSTRACT A weakness of many information fusion systems is the assumption of a static sensor error model in the fusion process. Monitoring sensor real-time measurements gives the system information on sensor performance, environmental effects, and adversary jamming capability. This article outlines the impact of sensor probability measurement errors on system decisions.

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Fusion. FUSION 2002. (IEEE Cat.No.02EX5997), 2002

ABSTRACT In some information fusion processes, the incomplete information set can be naturally ma... more ABSTRACT In some information fusion processes, the incomplete information set can be naturally mapped into a belief theory information set and a Bayesian probability theory information set. For decision making, the mapping of the belief theory fusion results represented by the basic belief assignment to a probability set is accomplished via a pignistic probability transform. This article introduces the inverse pignistic probability transforms (IPPT) that map the posteriori probabilities into the belief function theories, basic belief assignments. Also introduced are two infinite classes and some finite classes of mapping the posteriori probability results to the basic belief assignment of the belief theory.

Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509), 2004

In the design of information fusion systems, the reduction of computational complexity is a key d... more In the design of information fusion systems, the reduction of computational complexity is a key design parameter for real-time implementations. One way to simplify the computations is to decompose the system into subsystems of noncorrelated informational components, such as a qualitative informational component, a quantitative informational component, and a complement informational component. A probability information content (PIC) variable assigns an