John Waithaka - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by John Waithaka
Policies for reducing human-wildlife conflict: a Kenya case study DAVID WESTERN AND JOHN WAITHAKA... more Policies for reducing human-wildlife conflict: a Kenya case study DAVID WESTERN AND JOHN WAITHAKA INTRODUCTION The human-wildlife conflict is a face-off between people and wildlife over space or resources. Typically, conflict involves wildlife that consumes pasture or ...
On behalf of the people of Canada, the Parks Canada Agency protects and presents nationally signi... more On behalf of the people of Canada, the Parks Canada Agency protects and presents nationally significant examples of Canada’s natural and cultural heritage and fosters public understanding, appreciation, and enjoyment in ways that ensure their ecological and commemorative integrity for present and future generations (Parks Canada 2000). This mandate
Africa Protectorate officially became Kenya and the current borders were established. How-ever, t... more Africa Protectorate officially became Kenya and the current borders were established. How-ever, the events that led to the creation of Kenya date from the Berlin Conference of 1885,
Militant and confrontational conservation policies and practices during and immediately after the... more Militant and confrontational conservation policies and practices during and immediately after the colonial era in Kenya undermined later efforts by the government to establish new, or expand existing protected areas. However, a different conservation approach that engaged communities and private landowners living in priority wildlife areas in the mid-1990s resulted in the creation of wildlife conservancies that have more than doubled the area under some form of protection in just 20 years. These conservancies, mainly located adjacent to national parks and reserves, host a large proportion of the national biodiversity and are contributing to the long-term viability and ecological integrity of Kenya’s protected area system. An assessment made in June 2017 to establish whether the conservancies would qualify as “other effective area-based conservation measures” (OECMs) concluded that they all satisfied the criteria, except that some had no guarantee of sustained conservation outcome ov...
Introduction On behalf of the people of Canada, the Parks Canada Agency protects and presents nat... more Introduction On behalf of the people of Canada, the Parks Canada Agency protects and presents nationally significant examples of Canada’s natural and cultural heritage and fosters public understanding, appreciation, and enjoyment in ways that ensure their ecological and commemorative integrity for present and future generations (Parks Canada 2000). This mandate is carried out on federal lands that include national parks, national historic sites, and national marine conservation areas, collectively referred to as “parks and sites” in this document. Central to delivering on this mandate is the need for sound science to provide a good understanding of the nature, condition, and significance of the resources under the stewardship of the agency; their uniqueness, susceptibilities and threats; and the needs and expectations of the people on whose behalf they are managed. Consequently, whether the agency is establishing a national park, a national historic site, or a marine conservation ar...
Introduction Kenya lies across the equator and borders Somalia, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan... more Introduction Kenya lies across the equator and borders Somalia, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan, and the Indian Ocean. The country did not exist until 1920, when the British East Africa Protectorate officially became Kenya and the current borders were established. How ever, the events that led to the creation of Kenya date from the Berlin Conference of 1885, when the European powers first partitioned Africa into spheres of influence and the area now called Kenya became part of the British Protectorate. British rule in Kenya lasted for nearly 70 years, between 1895 and 1963. Their style of governance; their approach to land acquisition, ownership, use, and management; their philosophy and patterns of wildlife conservation, utilization, and establishment of protected areas; their relationship with the native people and attitude toward African cultures; and their approach to law enforcement and response to resistance by discontented communities—all played a crucial role in shaping th...
PARKS, 2021
Protected and conserved areas (PCAs) throughout the world face huge challenges as a result of the... more Protected and conserved areas (PCAs) throughout the world face huge challenges as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We give a global overview of impacts and responses. Protected area agencies, NGOs and research groups, together with the communities that support the management of PCAs, have conducted online studies to understand the overall impacts of COVID-19 containment measures on PCAs at regional and global levels. This paper summarises results from ten surveys, eight regional and two global, from 90 countries representing all continents except Antarctica. It draws lessons from different regions and contexts, and synthesises information on impacts and responses, particularly with regard to conservation and management activities, visitor services, revenue, stakeholder engagement, capacity, threats, illegal activities and neighbouring communities. Results vary; generally impacts have been most severe in Africa and Latin America, although many protected area agencies have evolved coping strategies and impacts are apparently not quite as severe as first thought. The paper also identifies future opportunities for PCAs in the post-COVID-19 era and proposes strategic decisions that may help cope with the current pandemic and prevent future ones.
Northwestern Naturalist, 2014
Abstract Few bat inventories have taken place in Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, an area cur... more Abstract Few bat inventories have taken place in Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, an area currently known to be the northernmost extent of the ranges of at least 6 bat species. Only 2 species of bats, the Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) and Little Brown Myotis (M. lucifugus), were previously known from the Nahanni National Park Reserve in the southwestern NWT. We used mistnets (15 nights) and AnaBat ultrasound detectors (23 nights) to survey bats in the South Nahanni River Watershed and surrounding area, to undertake the first formal survey of bats in the Northwest Territories. We confirmed the presence of the 2 species formerly documented from the area, as well as an additional 5 species not previously recorded from the region, including: Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis), Long-legged Myotis (M. volans), Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus), Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinerus), and Eastern Red Bat (L. borealis). Four species were captured in mistnets (Northern Myotis, Little Brown Myotis, Long-eared Myotis and Long-legged Myotis), 1 species was detected acoustically and observed visually in flight (E. fuscus), and 2 species were only detected acoustically (L. cinereus, L. borealis). We documented both sexes for Long-legged, Northern, and Little Brown Myotis; however, reproduction was confirmed only in the latter 2 species. These observations represent the most northerly record (61°N) for Long-eared Myotis and Long-legged Myotis in North America, extending their range approximately 300 km. These 2 species have not been captured elsewhere in NWT, despite recent substantial sampling effort in southcentral NWT. Further sampling effort is needed in southwestern NWT to better understand the distribution of bats in this region.
PARKS, 2012
This paper outlines how conservation volunteer programmes contribute to biodiversity protection a... more This paper outlines how conservation volunteer programmes contribute to biodiversity protection and conservation in Canada's national parks. An inventory of some of these volunteer programmes is summarized and specific examples of volunteer conservation activities are provided through a case study of Kejimkujik National Park's volunteer programme. Observations from these conservation volunteer initiatives are combined with findings reported in scholarly literature to highlight factors that contribute to successful conservation volunteer programmes. Key outcomes arising from Parks Canada's conservation volunteer programmes include: support of biodiversity conservation, enhanced visitor experience, broadened support for national parks, and the introduction of new ideas and skills by volunteers. Many volunteers participating in these programmes are tourists; the final section of this paper highlights which CBD Aichi Targets these volunteers are assisting Parks Canada to meet. John Waithaka et al. Red knot conservation in Mingan Archipelago national park. The project involves establishing the health status of the bird, its critical habitat, movement patterns, survival of the young, and energy needs © Parks Canada www.iucn.org/parks 66
Oikos, 1989
... Estimates of aboveground net primary production by the Wiegert and Evans (1964) method have c... more ... Estimates of aboveground net primary production by the Wiegert and Evans (1964) method have commonly utilized intervals of 8 wk (Hopkinson et al ... Drs L. Malaret and W. Karanja served as graduate advisors for JMW during the course of the study, and Dr JJ Hebrard also gave ...
… BIOLOGY SERIES-CAMBRIDGE …, 2005
The 253-km2 Shimba Hills National Reserve in the Coast Province of Kenya serves as a powerful exa... more The 253-km2 Shimba Hills National Reserve in the Coast Province of Kenya serves as a powerful example of both the value of protected areas for conserving Africa's elephants and the complexities of humananimal conflicts inherent in such an approach. Boasting one of ...
Policies for reducing human-wildlife conflict: a Kenya case study DAVID WESTERN AND JOHN WAITHAKA... more Policies for reducing human-wildlife conflict: a Kenya case study DAVID WESTERN AND JOHN WAITHAKA INTRODUCTION The human-wildlife conflict is a face-off between people and wildlife over space or resources. Typically, conflict involves wildlife that consumes pasture or ...
On behalf of the people of Canada, the Parks Canada Agency protects and presents nationally signi... more On behalf of the people of Canada, the Parks Canada Agency protects and presents nationally significant examples of Canada’s natural and cultural heritage and fosters public understanding, appreciation, and enjoyment in ways that ensure their ecological and commemorative integrity for present and future generations (Parks Canada 2000). This mandate
Africa Protectorate officially became Kenya and the current borders were established. How-ever, t... more Africa Protectorate officially became Kenya and the current borders were established. How-ever, the events that led to the creation of Kenya date from the Berlin Conference of 1885,
Militant and confrontational conservation policies and practices during and immediately after the... more Militant and confrontational conservation policies and practices during and immediately after the colonial era in Kenya undermined later efforts by the government to establish new, or expand existing protected areas. However, a different conservation approach that engaged communities and private landowners living in priority wildlife areas in the mid-1990s resulted in the creation of wildlife conservancies that have more than doubled the area under some form of protection in just 20 years. These conservancies, mainly located adjacent to national parks and reserves, host a large proportion of the national biodiversity and are contributing to the long-term viability and ecological integrity of Kenya’s protected area system. An assessment made in June 2017 to establish whether the conservancies would qualify as “other effective area-based conservation measures” (OECMs) concluded that they all satisfied the criteria, except that some had no guarantee of sustained conservation outcome ov...
Introduction On behalf of the people of Canada, the Parks Canada Agency protects and presents nat... more Introduction On behalf of the people of Canada, the Parks Canada Agency protects and presents nationally significant examples of Canada’s natural and cultural heritage and fosters public understanding, appreciation, and enjoyment in ways that ensure their ecological and commemorative integrity for present and future generations (Parks Canada 2000). This mandate is carried out on federal lands that include national parks, national historic sites, and national marine conservation areas, collectively referred to as “parks and sites” in this document. Central to delivering on this mandate is the need for sound science to provide a good understanding of the nature, condition, and significance of the resources under the stewardship of the agency; their uniqueness, susceptibilities and threats; and the needs and expectations of the people on whose behalf they are managed. Consequently, whether the agency is establishing a national park, a national historic site, or a marine conservation ar...
Introduction Kenya lies across the equator and borders Somalia, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan... more Introduction Kenya lies across the equator and borders Somalia, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan, and the Indian Ocean. The country did not exist until 1920, when the British East Africa Protectorate officially became Kenya and the current borders were established. How ever, the events that led to the creation of Kenya date from the Berlin Conference of 1885, when the European powers first partitioned Africa into spheres of influence and the area now called Kenya became part of the British Protectorate. British rule in Kenya lasted for nearly 70 years, between 1895 and 1963. Their style of governance; their approach to land acquisition, ownership, use, and management; their philosophy and patterns of wildlife conservation, utilization, and establishment of protected areas; their relationship with the native people and attitude toward African cultures; and their approach to law enforcement and response to resistance by discontented communities—all played a crucial role in shaping th...
PARKS, 2021
Protected and conserved areas (PCAs) throughout the world face huge challenges as a result of the... more Protected and conserved areas (PCAs) throughout the world face huge challenges as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We give a global overview of impacts and responses. Protected area agencies, NGOs and research groups, together with the communities that support the management of PCAs, have conducted online studies to understand the overall impacts of COVID-19 containment measures on PCAs at regional and global levels. This paper summarises results from ten surveys, eight regional and two global, from 90 countries representing all continents except Antarctica. It draws lessons from different regions and contexts, and synthesises information on impacts and responses, particularly with regard to conservation and management activities, visitor services, revenue, stakeholder engagement, capacity, threats, illegal activities and neighbouring communities. Results vary; generally impacts have been most severe in Africa and Latin America, although many protected area agencies have evolved coping strategies and impacts are apparently not quite as severe as first thought. The paper also identifies future opportunities for PCAs in the post-COVID-19 era and proposes strategic decisions that may help cope with the current pandemic and prevent future ones.
Northwestern Naturalist, 2014
Abstract Few bat inventories have taken place in Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, an area cur... more Abstract Few bat inventories have taken place in Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, an area currently known to be the northernmost extent of the ranges of at least 6 bat species. Only 2 species of bats, the Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) and Little Brown Myotis (M. lucifugus), were previously known from the Nahanni National Park Reserve in the southwestern NWT. We used mistnets (15 nights) and AnaBat ultrasound detectors (23 nights) to survey bats in the South Nahanni River Watershed and surrounding area, to undertake the first formal survey of bats in the Northwest Territories. We confirmed the presence of the 2 species formerly documented from the area, as well as an additional 5 species not previously recorded from the region, including: Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis), Long-legged Myotis (M. volans), Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus), Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinerus), and Eastern Red Bat (L. borealis). Four species were captured in mistnets (Northern Myotis, Little Brown Myotis, Long-eared Myotis and Long-legged Myotis), 1 species was detected acoustically and observed visually in flight (E. fuscus), and 2 species were only detected acoustically (L. cinereus, L. borealis). We documented both sexes for Long-legged, Northern, and Little Brown Myotis; however, reproduction was confirmed only in the latter 2 species. These observations represent the most northerly record (61°N) for Long-eared Myotis and Long-legged Myotis in North America, extending their range approximately 300 km. These 2 species have not been captured elsewhere in NWT, despite recent substantial sampling effort in southcentral NWT. Further sampling effort is needed in southwestern NWT to better understand the distribution of bats in this region.
PARKS, 2012
This paper outlines how conservation volunteer programmes contribute to biodiversity protection a... more This paper outlines how conservation volunteer programmes contribute to biodiversity protection and conservation in Canada's national parks. An inventory of some of these volunteer programmes is summarized and specific examples of volunteer conservation activities are provided through a case study of Kejimkujik National Park's volunteer programme. Observations from these conservation volunteer initiatives are combined with findings reported in scholarly literature to highlight factors that contribute to successful conservation volunteer programmes. Key outcomes arising from Parks Canada's conservation volunteer programmes include: support of biodiversity conservation, enhanced visitor experience, broadened support for national parks, and the introduction of new ideas and skills by volunteers. Many volunteers participating in these programmes are tourists; the final section of this paper highlights which CBD Aichi Targets these volunteers are assisting Parks Canada to meet. John Waithaka et al. Red knot conservation in Mingan Archipelago national park. The project involves establishing the health status of the bird, its critical habitat, movement patterns, survival of the young, and energy needs © Parks Canada www.iucn.org/parks 66
Oikos, 1989
... Estimates of aboveground net primary production by the Wiegert and Evans (1964) method have c... more ... Estimates of aboveground net primary production by the Wiegert and Evans (1964) method have commonly utilized intervals of 8 wk (Hopkinson et al ... Drs L. Malaret and W. Karanja served as graduate advisors for JMW during the course of the study, and Dr JJ Hebrard also gave ...
… BIOLOGY SERIES-CAMBRIDGE …, 2005
The 253-km2 Shimba Hills National Reserve in the Coast Province of Kenya serves as a powerful exa... more The 253-km2 Shimba Hills National Reserve in the Coast Province of Kenya serves as a powerful example of both the value of protected areas for conserving Africa's elephants and the complexities of humananimal conflicts inherent in such an approach. Boasting one of ...