Johnie Jenkins - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Johnie Jenkins
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Jun 20, 2023
Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2006
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Sep 4, 2012
Crop Science, Nov 1, 2005
Journal of Cotton Science
Cotton host plant resistance research was initiated with the establishment of the Boll Weevil Res... more Cotton host plant resistance research was initiated with the establishment of the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory in 1960. Laboratory objectives were to conduct research and develop technology that ultimately could be used to eradicate the boll weevil. Early research concentrated on developing techniques and screening germplasm for resistance. A full-scale boll weevil eradication trial began in southern Virginia and eastern North Carolina in 1978 and after initial success the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service established an eradication program. This led the host plant resistance program to broaden its research into other pests of cotton. During the 1980s, research continued to focus on tarnished plant bug, tobacco budworm, expanding the genetic diversity of cotton, basic genetic and cotton breeding studies. With the development of field infestation techniques for the tobacco budworm, in the 1990s the research team conducted the first field test of Bacillus thuringiensi...
Euphytica
Genetic approaches often lead to the most cost-effective and efficient means to improve crops, es... more Genetic approaches often lead to the most cost-effective and efficient means to improve crops, especially those grown widely. But for most crops, cotton included, genetic improvement efforts have focused far more on above-ground plant attributes than on root systems. Root system establishment is crucial to cotton seedling success, subsequent development, crop performance and sustainability. As a first step toward genetic enhancement of cotton root systems, significant heritable phenotypic variation must be found or created. The overall objective of this research was to study the effect of substituted chromosomes or chromosome segments from the donor tetraploid species Gossypium barbadense, G. mustelinum, and G. tomentosum on the selected traits of the stem, leaf, and especially root in CS lines. Twenty-seven chromosome substitution (CS) lines, containing different pairs or short segments of chromosomes from G. barbadense (CS-B lines), G. mustelinum (CS-M lines), and G. tomentosum (CS-T lines) and two parents, TM-1, parent quasi-isogenic to the CS lines and G. barbadense 3-79, the donor parent to all CS-B lines, were analyzed. Goals were to determine if CS lines significantly affect any of 17 morphological shoot and root traits. Indeed, significant line-based variation occurred for several root and shoot phenotypes. Comparisons of means and two-way hierarchical cluster analysis revealed several CS lines simultaneously affected multiple shoot and/or root traits, positively or negatively. Pairwise correlations of traits and the cluster analysis showed strong relationships among certain traits. The high correlation among several root traits suggests that easier-to-screen traits might be leveraged strategically to devise breeding-friendly methods for phenotypically evaluating root system morphology. Most importantly, this research identifies CS lines with prospectively novel individual trait effects and others with multi-trait effects that can be further dissected and used to improve our knowledge of cotton root systems, their development, genetic control and genetic improvement.
Journal of Cotton Science
Cottonseed contains high quality protein meal for feed and oil for human consumption, but gossypo... more Cottonseed contains high quality protein meal for feed and oil for human consumption, but gossypol in cottonseed has potential toxicity and detrimental effects that limit cottonseed use as food for humans and monogastric animals. Therefore, identifying germplasm containing lower gossypol content is critical. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of specific chromosomes or chromosome segments from Gossypium barbadense, G. tomentosum, and G. mustelinum, respectively, on (+) and (−) gossypol levels when substituted into G. hirsutum. A total of 11 genotypes were used in this study: nine chromosome substitution lines (CS lines) were investigated for cottonseed gossypol level in field experiments in 2013 and 2014; TM-1 (the recurrent parent of the CS line) and AM UA48 (cultivar) were used as controls. Results showed significant variation in gossypol level and its fractions among CS lines. This variation is a result of chromosome substitution, although it was also...
Introgression of novel traits from alien to cultivated cotton species through the technique of ch... more Introgression of novel traits from alien to cultivated cotton species through the technique of chromosome substitution (CS) can be a valuable tool for broadening the genetic base of Upland cotton. The objective of this research was to determine whether the mineral nutrition and fiber quality of cotton can be improved by the introgression of selected chromosomes from donor species into Upland cotton. Eleven CS lines that consisted of selected chromosomes from Gossypium barbadense and G. tomentosum substituted into a recurrent G. hirsutum parent (TM-1) were grown along with TM-1 in two fields. The CS lines included CS-B01, CS-B04, CS-B07, CS-B15Lo, CS-B18, CS-T01, CS-T04, CS-T07, CS-T8Lo, CS-T15Lo, and CS-T18, in which a letter that followed CS- represents the donor species and the number after the letter refers to the substituted chromosome position. Mineral nutrition of the CS lines was measured based on leaf samples taken two weeks after flowering. Fiber quality was based on hand-p...
Without global, collaborative efforts to collect, protect, and secure cotton germplasm, the rares... more Without global, collaborative efforts to collect, protect, and secure cotton germplasm, the rarest and most unique cotton germplasm resources are vulnerable to extinction. Global cotton germplasm resources are important sanctuaries of important genes and genetic variability that can be used in the future to improve cotton production systems and provide genetic tolerance to emerging diseases and pests. This report describes a unique collaborative effort among the germplasm collection centers of major cotton growing countries to document the cotton germplasm resources at the global level. This report emphasizes the importance of international collaboration to protect, secure, and evaluate the global cotton germplasm resources. The status of several large cotton germplasm collections 658 representing a large portion of the curated cotton germplasm resources worldwide, including those from the US,India, France, China, Australia, Uzbekistan, and Brazil, is described. The contents, mainte...
Past, Present and Future Trends in Cotton Breeding, 2018
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2018
Journal of Plant Registrations, 2019
The genetic base for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) breeding needs more diversity. Use of ... more The genetic base for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) breeding needs more diversity. Use of Gossypium wild species is of interest to breeders, but interspecific crosses between G. hirsutum and wild tetraploid species or the cultivated tetraploid species G. barbadense L. have not been widely used due to the extreme difficulty of extracting elite lines in later generations. Following a nonconventional breeding approach, we used 32 chromosome substitution lines to capture allelic diversity from three donor tetraploid Gossypium species and combined that with the intraspecific allelic diversity among five upland cultivars. By random‐mating the 32 F1 hybrids and subsequent generations for five cycles, the intra‐ and interspecific diversity from four Gossypium AD‐genome species was combined in a new random‐mated population dubbed Random Mated Barbadense, Hirsutum, Mustelinum, Tomentosum, Upland Population (RMBHMTUP‐C4; Reg. no. GP‐1061, PI 690471). This unique population should facili...
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2017
Agronomy Journal, 2017
Core Ideas Compost promotes C sequestration in reclaimed coal mine soil. Flue gas desulfurization... more Core Ideas Compost promotes C sequestration in reclaimed coal mine soil. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum reduces P content in leachate. Compost sustains agro‐ecosystem. Substantial amount of applied nutrients can be leached in low organic matter soils. The objective of this study was to determine if the leaching losses of nutrients could be reduced by increasing soil organic matter. In an undisturbed soil column study, fresh and composted broiler litter in the presence or absence of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum were applied to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon.L.) established on an agricultural soil and a reclaimed coal mine soil in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Columns were leached weekly with 500 mL deionized water, a 100 mL increment. The leachate volume was measured using a graduated cylinder and samples were taken for nutrient analyses. Even though the columns received approximately equivalent N from composted and fresh broiler litter, nitrate N leaching losses were lower ...
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Jun 20, 2023
Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2006
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Sep 4, 2012
Crop Science, Nov 1, 2005
Journal of Cotton Science
Cotton host plant resistance research was initiated with the establishment of the Boll Weevil Res... more Cotton host plant resistance research was initiated with the establishment of the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory in 1960. Laboratory objectives were to conduct research and develop technology that ultimately could be used to eradicate the boll weevil. Early research concentrated on developing techniques and screening germplasm for resistance. A full-scale boll weevil eradication trial began in southern Virginia and eastern North Carolina in 1978 and after initial success the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service established an eradication program. This led the host plant resistance program to broaden its research into other pests of cotton. During the 1980s, research continued to focus on tarnished plant bug, tobacco budworm, expanding the genetic diversity of cotton, basic genetic and cotton breeding studies. With the development of field infestation techniques for the tobacco budworm, in the 1990s the research team conducted the first field test of Bacillus thuringiensi...
Euphytica
Genetic approaches often lead to the most cost-effective and efficient means to improve crops, es... more Genetic approaches often lead to the most cost-effective and efficient means to improve crops, especially those grown widely. But for most crops, cotton included, genetic improvement efforts have focused far more on above-ground plant attributes than on root systems. Root system establishment is crucial to cotton seedling success, subsequent development, crop performance and sustainability. As a first step toward genetic enhancement of cotton root systems, significant heritable phenotypic variation must be found or created. The overall objective of this research was to study the effect of substituted chromosomes or chromosome segments from the donor tetraploid species Gossypium barbadense, G. mustelinum, and G. tomentosum on the selected traits of the stem, leaf, and especially root in CS lines. Twenty-seven chromosome substitution (CS) lines, containing different pairs or short segments of chromosomes from G. barbadense (CS-B lines), G. mustelinum (CS-M lines), and G. tomentosum (CS-T lines) and two parents, TM-1, parent quasi-isogenic to the CS lines and G. barbadense 3-79, the donor parent to all CS-B lines, were analyzed. Goals were to determine if CS lines significantly affect any of 17 morphological shoot and root traits. Indeed, significant line-based variation occurred for several root and shoot phenotypes. Comparisons of means and two-way hierarchical cluster analysis revealed several CS lines simultaneously affected multiple shoot and/or root traits, positively or negatively. Pairwise correlations of traits and the cluster analysis showed strong relationships among certain traits. The high correlation among several root traits suggests that easier-to-screen traits might be leveraged strategically to devise breeding-friendly methods for phenotypically evaluating root system morphology. Most importantly, this research identifies CS lines with prospectively novel individual trait effects and others with multi-trait effects that can be further dissected and used to improve our knowledge of cotton root systems, their development, genetic control and genetic improvement.
Journal of Cotton Science
Cottonseed contains high quality protein meal for feed and oil for human consumption, but gossypo... more Cottonseed contains high quality protein meal for feed and oil for human consumption, but gossypol in cottonseed has potential toxicity and detrimental effects that limit cottonseed use as food for humans and monogastric animals. Therefore, identifying germplasm containing lower gossypol content is critical. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of specific chromosomes or chromosome segments from Gossypium barbadense, G. tomentosum, and G. mustelinum, respectively, on (+) and (−) gossypol levels when substituted into G. hirsutum. A total of 11 genotypes were used in this study: nine chromosome substitution lines (CS lines) were investigated for cottonseed gossypol level in field experiments in 2013 and 2014; TM-1 (the recurrent parent of the CS line) and AM UA48 (cultivar) were used as controls. Results showed significant variation in gossypol level and its fractions among CS lines. This variation is a result of chromosome substitution, although it was also...
Introgression of novel traits from alien to cultivated cotton species through the technique of ch... more Introgression of novel traits from alien to cultivated cotton species through the technique of chromosome substitution (CS) can be a valuable tool for broadening the genetic base of Upland cotton. The objective of this research was to determine whether the mineral nutrition and fiber quality of cotton can be improved by the introgression of selected chromosomes from donor species into Upland cotton. Eleven CS lines that consisted of selected chromosomes from Gossypium barbadense and G. tomentosum substituted into a recurrent G. hirsutum parent (TM-1) were grown along with TM-1 in two fields. The CS lines included CS-B01, CS-B04, CS-B07, CS-B15Lo, CS-B18, CS-T01, CS-T04, CS-T07, CS-T8Lo, CS-T15Lo, and CS-T18, in which a letter that followed CS- represents the donor species and the number after the letter refers to the substituted chromosome position. Mineral nutrition of the CS lines was measured based on leaf samples taken two weeks after flowering. Fiber quality was based on hand-p...
Without global, collaborative efforts to collect, protect, and secure cotton germplasm, the rares... more Without global, collaborative efforts to collect, protect, and secure cotton germplasm, the rarest and most unique cotton germplasm resources are vulnerable to extinction. Global cotton germplasm resources are important sanctuaries of important genes and genetic variability that can be used in the future to improve cotton production systems and provide genetic tolerance to emerging diseases and pests. This report describes a unique collaborative effort among the germplasm collection centers of major cotton growing countries to document the cotton germplasm resources at the global level. This report emphasizes the importance of international collaboration to protect, secure, and evaluate the global cotton germplasm resources. The status of several large cotton germplasm collections 658 representing a large portion of the curated cotton germplasm resources worldwide, including those from the US,India, France, China, Australia, Uzbekistan, and Brazil, is described. The contents, mainte...
Past, Present and Future Trends in Cotton Breeding, 2018
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2018
Journal of Plant Registrations, 2019
The genetic base for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) breeding needs more diversity. Use of ... more The genetic base for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) breeding needs more diversity. Use of Gossypium wild species is of interest to breeders, but interspecific crosses between G. hirsutum and wild tetraploid species or the cultivated tetraploid species G. barbadense L. have not been widely used due to the extreme difficulty of extracting elite lines in later generations. Following a nonconventional breeding approach, we used 32 chromosome substitution lines to capture allelic diversity from three donor tetraploid Gossypium species and combined that with the intraspecific allelic diversity among five upland cultivars. By random‐mating the 32 F1 hybrids and subsequent generations for five cycles, the intra‐ and interspecific diversity from four Gossypium AD‐genome species was combined in a new random‐mated population dubbed Random Mated Barbadense, Hirsutum, Mustelinum, Tomentosum, Upland Population (RMBHMTUP‐C4; Reg. no. GP‐1061, PI 690471). This unique population should facili...
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2017
Agronomy Journal, 2017
Core Ideas Compost promotes C sequestration in reclaimed coal mine soil. Flue gas desulfurization... more Core Ideas Compost promotes C sequestration in reclaimed coal mine soil. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum reduces P content in leachate. Compost sustains agro‐ecosystem. Substantial amount of applied nutrients can be leached in low organic matter soils. The objective of this study was to determine if the leaching losses of nutrients could be reduced by increasing soil organic matter. In an undisturbed soil column study, fresh and composted broiler litter in the presence or absence of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum were applied to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon.L.) established on an agricultural soil and a reclaimed coal mine soil in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Columns were leached weekly with 500 mL deionized water, a 100 mL increment. The leachate volume was measured using a graduated cylinder and samples were taken for nutrient analyses. Even though the columns received approximately equivalent N from composted and fresh broiler litter, nitrate N leaching losses were lower ...