Jonathan Huntington - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jonathan Huntington

The Japanese ASTER sensor on board the US Terra satellite was launched in December 1999 to establ... more The Japanese ASTER sensor on board the US Terra satellite was launched in December 1999 to establish a spaceborne capability for high spatial, multispectral visible-shortwave infrared and thermal infrared remote sensing data mapping of the Earth's environment. The Mt Fitton test site in South Australia was chosen to test the ability of the ASTER instrument for geological mapping having been previously surveyed by several visible-shortwave IR and thermal IR airborne remote sensing instruments and several field campaigns collecting relevant spectral measurements. These previous airborne remote sensing surveys and field campaigns successfully mapped a suite of intrusives and sedimentary units with some greenschist metamorphic and localised hydrothermal alteration. Visible-NIR ASTER channels successfully mapped green vegetation and iron oxide information. ASTER SWIR data was spectrally unmixed into four spectrally recognizable endmembers that relate to areas rich in talc, chlorite, white mica and carbonate mineralogies. This result was confirmed using IRIS field spectra resampled to ASTER resolution wavelengths. Quartz, carbonate and talc-tremolite rich units at Mt Fitton were also discriminated using ASTER's thermal infrared data. These results from low level ASTER data products indicated that ASTER could discriminate mineral groups not achievable from Landsat TM, though more precise mineral species mapping is not possible.

Comparison of EO1 Hyperion and airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data for geologic applications

Geothermics, 2000

Hydrothermal alteration minerals and their zoning with depth in the Te Mihi sector of the Wairake... more Hydrothermal alteration minerals and their zoning with depth in the Te Mihi sector of the Wairakei geothermal ®eld have been characterised in this study by using ®eld portable short-wave infrared spectroscopy. Observed variations in the spectral re¯ectance of hydrothermally altered volcanic and sedimentary rocks indicate a downward gradation in the dominant alteration minerals from mordenite, smectite, illite, to illite + chlorite (epidote). The variations result from temperature and permeability controlled¯uid-rock interactions. Mordenite is abundant in the shallowest samples. Dioctahedral, aluminous smectites (discrete phase or as mixed-layer species) are common in the upper part of the sequence, but decrease in abundance below 200 m. In the smectite-rich zone, beidellite is common and locally may predominate over montmorillonite. Illite, including the illite component in mixed-layer illite/smectite, becomes a signi®cant component below 150±200 m. Illite has an octahedral cation composition close to that of muscovite, with insigni®cant amounts of Fe and Mg. Chlorite is nearly undetectable in the upper part (0±200 m) of the altered sequence, and may become a minor component below 200 m. Chlorite is abundant

Spatial analysis of two-dimensional orientation data

Mathematical Geology, 1985

A frequently encountered problem in structural geology is the analysis and interpretation of dire... more A frequently encountered problem in structural geology is the analysis and interpretation of directional data with a geographical distribution. Such data may arise, for example, as samples of fracture strikes collected at a number of locations (rocky outcrops, road cuttings, etc.), trends of geological structures mapped in underground mines where they are exposed in the tunnel roof, or as lineaments annotated on aerial or satellite photographs. From such data, it is of interest to determine the structural domains in the area, that is, to partition the area into subareas of homogeneous structural pattern. This paper presents a method for performing such an analysis, and applies it to a data set collected from an underground coal mine.

Satellite-based hyperspectral imaging became a reality in November 2000 with the successful launc... more Satellite-based hyperspectral imaging became a reality in November 2000 with the successful launch and operation of the Hyperion system on board the EO-1 platform. Hyperion is a pushbroom imager with 220 spectral bands in the 400-2500 nm wavelength range, a 30 meter pixel size and a 7.5 km swath.

Spectrally mapping the compositional variation of white micas in hydrothermal systems and the application in mineral exploration

White micas are commonly formed in hydrothermal mineralisation systems. Their compositional varia... more White micas are commonly formed in hydrothermal mineralisation systems. Their compositional variations reflect physical and chemical conditions, and therefore are very useful for reconstructing extinct hydrothermal systems and guiding mineral exploration. Airborne hyperspectral sensing technology and field infrared spectroscopy are operational tools for identifying and mapping the compositional variations of white micas within a hydrothermal system

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2001

Hydrothermal clay minerals present in the Broadlands±Ohaaki geothermal ®eld were characterised by... more Hydrothermal clay minerals present in the Broadlands±Ohaaki geothermal ®eld were characterised by ®eld portable shortwave infrared spectroscopy. Three major alteration zones, an upper smectite, a middle illite and a lower illite±chlorite, are spectrally separable. The zoning pattern is generally consistent with the thermal structure of the geothermal ®eld, although occasionally zone boundaries cut present-day isotherms. The data indicate that temperature is the major control on clay zoning and permeability plays a subordinate role.

Airborne and laboratory remote sensing applications of the CSIRO CO2 laser spectrometer MIRACO2LAS

The mid-infrared airborne CO2 laser spectrometer (MIRACO2LAS) was developed by CSIRO Division of ... more The mid-infrared airborne CO2 laser spectrometer (MIRACO2LAS) was developed by CSIRO Division of Exploration and Mining to investigate the potential role of high spectral resolution thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing for improved remote sensing of minerals, especially those silicate minerals that do not have diagnostic features at shorter wavelengths, such as quartz, feldspars, pyroxenes and garnets. Other objectives include testing and validating methods used to separate the mineralogically significant emissivity from temperature effects in passive TIR systems, as MIRACO2LAS reflectance data are unaffected by surface temperature effects. MIRACO2LAS uses a CO2 laser, which scans through 100 wavelengths between 9.1 and 11.2 micrometers, as a light source for 'active' remote sensing. The laser system is sufficiently rapidly tuned to allow the airborne system to operate in a line profile mode, producing contiguous ground reflectance spectra for a footprint (or pixel) diameter of 2 meters. Typical airborne data are presented, demonstrating successful identification of a number of minerals. A laboratory carbon-dioxide laser spectrometer system has also been developed to validate the MIRACO2LAS spectral signatures and to construct reference spectral libraries of pure minerals and other materials. Besides the compositional influence on the reflectance spectra, physical parameters, such as grain size and grain shape, are shown to affect the reflectance spectra. Plant materials, many of which depart significantly from blackbody behavior for different leaf orientations and arrangements, are also investigated.

$Research paper thumbnail of Geological fracture mapping in coalfields and the stress fields of the Sydney Basin$

Geological fracture mapping in coalfields and the stress fields of the Sydney Basin

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1981

... Page 10. 308 JOHN SHEPHERD & JONATHAN F. HUNTINGTON ... Helpful discussions with Mr W... more ... Page 10. 308 JOHN SHEPHERD & JONATHAN F. HUNTINGTON ... Helpful discussions with Mr Winton Gale, Dr Mike Middleton and Dr Brian Embleton of CSIRO are acknowledged. Dr DavidDenham of the BMR is thanked for making helpful suggestions on an ...

Alteration mapping of the Tarcoola Goldfield (South Australia) using a suite of hyperspectral methods

Transactions of The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-applied Earth Science, 2007

Validation of mineralogical variations evident in simulated ARIES1 hyperspectral data

The Australian Resource Information and Environment Satellite (ARIES-1) will offer improved oppor... more The Australian Resource Information and Environment Satellite (ARIES-1) will offer improved opportunities to map the mineralogical composition of outcropping rocks, hydrothermal alteration zones and the regolith on the Earth's surface in greater detail than before. This paper presents simulated ARIES-1 mineral mapping results for the Comstock mining district, Nevada, USA, and demonstrates how the spectrally- derived information on hydrothermal alteration has been validated through field work and supporting analytical studies. In the Comstock mining district, three types of white mica with short, medium and long Al-OH absorption wavelengths, respectively, were identified based on the simulated ARIES-1 hyperspectral data. Laboratory analytical work confirmed that the low, medium and long Al-OH absorption wavelengths correspond to low, medium and high octahedral Fe+Mg content, respectively, of the white micas. Each of the three types of white mica tends to occur in a particular alteration zone. The spatial distributions of the three types of white mica may have implications for interpreting the hydrothermal alteration processes. The white mica of short wavelength Al-OH absorption, proximal to Au-Ag mineralization, formed in acidic hydrothermal conditions both at the earliest and the last alteration stages. The white mica of medium wavelength Al-OH absorption, characteristics of the propylitic zone surrounding Au-Ag mineralization, was produced mainly in the second, low- sulfidation hydrothermal event. The white mica of long wavelength Al-OH absorption was probably formed in multiple stages, and generally occurs distal to Au-Ag mineralization.

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2004

Several of the more important endmember-finding algorithms for hyperspectral data are discussed a... more Several of the more important endmember-finding algorithms for hyperspectral data are discussed and some of their shortcomings highlighted. A new algorithm-iterated constrained endmembers (ICE)-which attempts to address these shortcomings is introduced. An example of its use is given. There is also a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of normalizing spectra before the application of ICE or other endmember-finding algorithms.

Possible applications of photogeology to the study of rock mechanics

Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 1974

NASA's EO-1 Hyperion sensor, launched in November 2000, provides the first opportunity to evaluat... more NASA's EO-1 Hyperion sensor, launched in November 2000, provides the first opportunity to evaluate short-wave-infrared (SWIR) spaceborne hyperspectral capabilities. Hyperion covers the 0.4 to 2.5 µm range with 242 spectral bands at approximately 10nm spectral resolution and 30m spatial resolution. Selected validation results for geology over USA sites with abundant ground truth and airborne hyperspectral data are described here.

OARS ? A new system for mapping surface mineralogy simultaneously with airborne geophysics

Exploration Geophysics, 2001

... 2 Lew Whitbourn CSIRO, Division of Exploration and Mining North Ryde, NSW, Australia 2113 Tel... more ... 2 Lew Whitbourn CSIRO, Division of Exploration and Mining North Ryde, NSW, Australia 2113 Telephone: (02) 9490 8602 Facsimile: (08) 9490 8960 E-mail: l.whitbourn@syd.dem.csiro.au 3 Phil Connor CSIRO, Division of Exploration and Mining North Ryde, NSW, Australia ...

Mineralium Deposita, 2005

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy was used to characterize hydrothermal mineral... more Short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy was used to characterize hydrothermal minerals and map alteration zones in the Tuwu Cu–Au deposit, Xinjiang, China. The Palaeozoic hydrothermal system at Tuwu is structurally controlled, developed in andesitic volcanic rocks and minor porphyries. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by horizontally zoned development of quartz, sericite, chlorite, epidote, montmorillonite and kaolin about individual porphyry dykes and breccia zones, as is shown by changes outward from a core of quartz veining and silicification, through an inner zone of sericite + chlorite to a marginal zone of chlorite + epidote. The alteration system comprises several such zoning patterns. Silicification and sericitization are spatially associated with Cu–Au mineralization. Zoning is also shown by compositional variations such that Fe-rich chlorite and Al-rich sericite occur preferentially toward the core and the most intensely altered parts, whereas Mg-rich chlorite and relatively Al-poor sericite are present on the margin and the relatively weakly altered parts of the hydrothermal alteration system. The compositions of chlorite and sericite, therefore, can be potentially used as vectors to Cu–Au mineralization. Montmorillonite and kaolinite, of probable weathering origin, are located near the surface, forming an argillic blanket overlying Cu–Au mineralization. Sporadic montmorillonite is also present at depth in the hydrothermal alteration system, formed by descending groundwater. Presence of a well-developed kaolinite-bearing zone on the surface is an indication of possible underlying Cu–Au mineralization in this region. Epidote occurs widely in regional volcanic rocks, as well as in variably altered rocks on the margin of the hydrothermal mineralization system at Tuwu. The widespread occurrence of epidote in volcanic country rocks probably reflects a regional hydrothermal alteration event prior to the localized, porphyry intrusion-related hydrothermal process that led to the Cu–Au mineralization at Tuwu.

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003

Airborne hyperspectral data have been available to researchers since the early 1980s and their us... more Airborne hyperspectral data have been available to researchers since the early 1980s and their use for geologic applications is well documented. The launch of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Observing 1 Hyperion sensor in November 2000 marked the establishment of a test bed for spaceborne hyperspectral capabilities. Hyperion covers the 0.4-2.5-m range with 242 spectral bands at approximately 10-nm spectral resolution and 30-m spatial resolution. Analytical Imaging and Geophysics LLC and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation have been involved in efforts to evaluate, validate, and demonstrate Hyperions's utility for geologic mapping in a variety of sites in the United States and around the world. Initial results over several sites with established ground truth and years of airborne hyperspectral data show that Hyperion data from the shortwave infrared spectrometer can be used to produce useful geologic (mineralogic) information. Minerals mapped include carbonates, chlorite, epidote, kaolinite, alunite, buddingtonite, muscovite, hydrothermal silica, and zeolite. Hyperion data collected under optimum conditions (summer season, bright targets, well-exposed geology) indicate that Hyperion data meet prelaunch specifications and allow subtle distinctions such as determining the difference between calcite and dolomite and mapping solid solution differences in micas caused by substitution in octahedral molecular sites. Comparison of airborne hyperspectral data [from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)] to the Hyperion data establishes that Hyperion provides similar basic mineralogic information, with the principal limitation being limited mapping of fine spectral detail under less-than-optimum acquisition conditions (winter season, dark targets) based on lower signal-to-noise ratios. Case histories demonstrate the analysis methodologies and level of information available from the Hyperion data. They also show the viability of Hyperion as a means of extending hyperspectral mineral mapping to areas not accessible to aircraft sensors. The analysis results demonstrate that spaceborne hyperspectral sensors can produce useful mineralogic information, but also indicate that SNR improvements are required for future spaceborne sensors to allow the same level of mapping that is currently possible from airborne sensors such as AVIRIS. His primary scientific interests are in the application of remote sensing technology to exploration and understanding of ore deposits and the development of knowledge-based techniques for spectral identification and mapping of geology, man-made materials, vegetation, and near-shore marine environments. He is also one of the original developers of the remote sensing analysis software package ENVI, "The Environment for Visualizing Images."

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1999

Hydrothermal alteration mapping with spaceborne hyperspectral data was simulated in the Comstock ... more Hydrothermal alteration mapping with spaceborne hyperspectral data was simulated in the Comstock mining district, Nevada in order to evaluate the mineral mapping capabilities of the proposed Australian Resource Information and Environment Satellite (ARIES‐1). As a result, a suite of hydrothermal alteration minerals, including kaolinite, dickite, illite, chlorite, alunite and carbonate was identified from the simulated data in the 0.4–2.5 μm wavelength region and their areal abundance variations mapped accordingly. The recognised alteration zoning shows a major change in alteration assemblages across the Comstock and Silver City Faults, and a gradual variation from north to south along the faults. In the bleached Miocene volcanic rocks, dickite, kaolinite, illite and alunite were recognised. Coexistence of dickite of relatively high temperature, high‐crystallinity kaolinite of medium temperature and low‐crystallinity kaolinite of low temperature suggests supergene processes overprinting earlier hypogene alteration. The bleached rocks probably represent hydrothermal alteration in the fluid up‐flow zones in the central and shallower parts of the hydrothermal system. Illite in the bleached zones is characterised by relatively short AI–OH band wavelengths (2190–2200 nm), indicating no or very low Fe and/or Mg contents. Fault‐controlled propylitic alteration is mapped in the central part of the district mainly in the footwall of the Comstock Fault. The associated illite is characterised mainly by medium AI–OH band wavelengths (2200–2208 nm). This propylitic alteration may be contemporaneous with Au–Ag mineralisation. Additional and more extensive propylitic zones, containing illite with long AI–OH band wavelengths (2204–2216 nm), were mapped in the southern part of the district. These zones resulted from either a pre‐mineralisation propylitic alteration, or the peripheral hydrothermal alteration in the fluid down‐flow zones of the Miocene hydrothermal system.