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Papers by Francisco Jorge Rodríguez Gonzálvez

Revisiting Secularism in Theory and Practice, 2020

During the eighteenth century, a seminal debate took place all over Europe, concerning the need f... more During the eighteenth century, a seminal debate took place all over Europe, concerning the need for the liberalisation of industrial production and trade or the preservation of traditional corporations of artisans, which were frequently linked to religious associations. The successful example of Great Britain in economic terms alarmed the rest of the countries of Europe first, and opened a period of reflection later. The British model was generally considered as worthy of imitation and at the same time regarded with suspicion. The moral consequences of the end of corporations referred to the religious aspects of the traditional organisation of industry. However, particularly in Spain, the links between corporate guilds and religion was not a governmental objective, but social peace and economic success. Eighteenth-century Spanish governments were willing to encourage economic growth, while secularisation and democracy were out of question. Brotherhoods and fraternities lost their economic features, and their properties were eventually expropriated, in order to be converted into organisations of a purely religious nature. Enlightened policies did not strengthen the secularisation of the country, but the unfolding forces of liberalism. During the nineteenth century, they just weakened the corporations and diluted the element perceived as contrary to the free market.

Although the concept of social cohesion refers primarily to the conditions in which the society i... more Although the concept of social cohesion refers primarily to the conditions in which the society integrates its members, it is commonly accepted that social cohesion constitutes one of the pillars of the so-called European model, being the other component related to the need to promote economic competitiveness. This dichotomy suggests the existence of a dynamic model, a system of variations between two poles, a liberal or market side in permanent tension with a social or community aspect. This chapter argues that both the ESM and social cohesion are the result of long-term forces in constant evolution, which are more likely to react to a structural transformation rather than a circumstantial crisis. There is a perception that the ESM and its social cohesion basis, associated at the national level with the welfare State, are being questioned under the pressure of the different socio-economic crises since the 1970s. This chapter intends to consider a long-term evolution of the European model components in order to evaluate its variability potential under the current situation of crisis, and to consider how radical could be the change of the prevalent socio-economic paradigm

This study addresses the incompatibility question between the corporate organization of industry ... more This study addresses the incompatibility question between the corporate organization of industry and a system based on the general recognition of economic rights and freedoms in Continental Western Europe. A dissociation/identification model based on a comparative analysis verifies the consistency of the premise that makes the emergence of economic rights only possible after suppressing the corporations of trades. The model stems coherently from the ideas of eighteenth-century political economists and crystallizes in reform policies aimed at eliminating corporate elements contrary to economic freedoms. The results directly link the intellectual model and the actual expressions of economic rights within the declarations written at the end of the old regime. While dissociation creates an opportunity for corporate continuity within a framework of recognized economic freedoms, the French identification model implies the suppression of corporations.

L'Europe en Formation, 2014

Le modele social europeen (MSE) est un concept plutot vague, generalement utilise pour definir un... more Le modele social europeen (MSE) est un concept plutot vague, generalement utilise pour definir une certaine combinaison entre preoccupations sociales et la necessite d’amelioration et d’efficacite economique. Ce manque de precision implique une conceptualisation faible, ce qui en consequence influence la perception de la conjoncture socio-economique actuelle et l’integration europeenne. Cet article vise a identifier des contenus specifiques de conceptualisation du modele europeen, que l’on trouve dans un certain nombre de principes ou des valeurs communes contenues dans les constitutions europeennes. Il vise egalement a explorer la dynamique entre les elements de protection liberale et sociale qui constituent un point de depart commun pour une evaluation comparee. On trouve en particulier un processus de convergence des principes constitutionnels, sur base de la migration constitutionnelle de certains concepts a differents moments de l’histoire. L’induction de categories communes a partir de ces concepts permet de prendre en compte de potentiels denominateurs communs europeens, tels que la dualite entre un marche libre et ses limitations liees a des questions sociales.

Revisiting Secularism in Theory and Practice, 2020

During the eighteenth century, a seminal debate took place all over Europe, concerning the need f... more During the eighteenth century, a seminal debate took place all over Europe, concerning the need for the liberalisation of industrial production and trade or the preservation of traditional corporations of artisans, which were frequently linked to religious associations. The successful example of Great Britain in economic terms alarmed the rest of the countries of Europe first, and opened a period of reflection later. The British model was generally considered as worthy of imitation and at the same time regarded with suspicion. The moral consequences of the end of corporations referred to the religious aspects of the traditional organisation of industry. However, particularly in Spain, the links between corporate guilds and religion was not a governmental objective, but social peace and economic success. Eighteenth-century Spanish governments were willing to encourage economic growth, while secularisation and democracy were out of question. Brotherhoods and fraternities lost their ec...

L Europe En Formation, Nov 30, 2014

In September 2001, a European MP submitted a written question to the European Commission over the... more In September 2001, a European MP submitted a written question to the European Commission over the continuity of the European model of social welfare or its replacement ‘by the American law-of-the jungle model’. In its answer, the Commission fully supported the European Social Model and its modernisation, based on a ‘dynamic and positive interaction between economic, employment and social policy’ . This question and its answer show how the consideration of the European Social Model (ESM) remains a matter of lively debate within the context of the European integration process, and suggests the presence of an ideological polarisation.
The consideration of the nature and consistency of the European model of cohesion within a critical framework is important to assess whether it is rather an epiphenomenon with feeble roots that are susceptible to radical change, or the result of evolving long-term forces whose fundamentals are more likely to react to structural rather than circumstantial pressure. This chapter intends to consider a long-term evolution of the European model components in order to evaluate its variability potential under the current situation of crisis, and to consider how radical could be the change of the prevalent socio-economic paradigm. In order to do so, the European model is conceived, rather than a static system, as a dynamic model that is constantly moving between two sides: a ‘liberal’ pole, and a ‘social’ or ‘community’ extreme.

The European Social Model (ESM) is a rather vague concept, generally used for defining a certain ... more The European Social Model (ESM) is a rather vague concept, generally used for defining a certain combination between social concerns and the need for economic improvement and efficiency. This vagueness implies a weak conceptualisation, which has relevant consequences in terms of the lack of consistency or the insecurity in developing a specific socioeconomic choice at the European and national levels. Questions arise concerning the abandonment of the welfare system developed since 1945 and the general trend towards a neo-liberal approach. This paper is aimed to identify specific contents for the conceptualisation of the European model, which may be found in a number of common principles or values contained in the European constitutions.

Revisiting Secularism in Theory and Practice, 2020

During the eighteenth century, a seminal debate took place all over Europe, concerning the need f... more During the eighteenth century, a seminal debate took place all over Europe, concerning the need for the liberalisation of industrial production and trade or the preservation of traditional corporations of artisans, which were frequently linked to religious associations. The successful example of Great Britain in economic terms alarmed the rest of the countries of Europe first, and opened a period of reflection later. The British model was generally considered as worthy of imitation and at the same time regarded with suspicion. The moral consequences of the end of corporations referred to the religious aspects of the traditional organisation of industry. However, particularly in Spain, the links between corporate guilds and religion was not a governmental objective, but social peace and economic success. Eighteenth-century Spanish governments were willing to encourage economic growth, while secularisation and democracy were out of question. Brotherhoods and fraternities lost their economic features, and their properties were eventually expropriated, in order to be converted into organisations of a purely religious nature. Enlightened policies did not strengthen the secularisation of the country, but the unfolding forces of liberalism. During the nineteenth century, they just weakened the corporations and diluted the element perceived as contrary to the free market.

Although the concept of social cohesion refers primarily to the conditions in which the society i... more Although the concept of social cohesion refers primarily to the conditions in which the society integrates its members, it is commonly accepted that social cohesion constitutes one of the pillars of the so-called European model, being the other component related to the need to promote economic competitiveness. This dichotomy suggests the existence of a dynamic model, a system of variations between two poles, a liberal or market side in permanent tension with a social or community aspect. This chapter argues that both the ESM and social cohesion are the result of long-term forces in constant evolution, which are more likely to react to a structural transformation rather than a circumstantial crisis. There is a perception that the ESM and its social cohesion basis, associated at the national level with the welfare State, are being questioned under the pressure of the different socio-economic crises since the 1970s. This chapter intends to consider a long-term evolution of the European model components in order to evaluate its variability potential under the current situation of crisis, and to consider how radical could be the change of the prevalent socio-economic paradigm

This study addresses the incompatibility question between the corporate organization of industry ... more This study addresses the incompatibility question between the corporate organization of industry and a system based on the general recognition of economic rights and freedoms in Continental Western Europe. A dissociation/identification model based on a comparative analysis verifies the consistency of the premise that makes the emergence of economic rights only possible after suppressing the corporations of trades. The model stems coherently from the ideas of eighteenth-century political economists and crystallizes in reform policies aimed at eliminating corporate elements contrary to economic freedoms. The results directly link the intellectual model and the actual expressions of economic rights within the declarations written at the end of the old regime. While dissociation creates an opportunity for corporate continuity within a framework of recognized economic freedoms, the French identification model implies the suppression of corporations.

L'Europe en Formation, 2014

Le modele social europeen (MSE) est un concept plutot vague, generalement utilise pour definir un... more Le modele social europeen (MSE) est un concept plutot vague, generalement utilise pour definir une certaine combinaison entre preoccupations sociales et la necessite d’amelioration et d’efficacite economique. Ce manque de precision implique une conceptualisation faible, ce qui en consequence influence la perception de la conjoncture socio-economique actuelle et l’integration europeenne. Cet article vise a identifier des contenus specifiques de conceptualisation du modele europeen, que l’on trouve dans un certain nombre de principes ou des valeurs communes contenues dans les constitutions europeennes. Il vise egalement a explorer la dynamique entre les elements de protection liberale et sociale qui constituent un point de depart commun pour une evaluation comparee. On trouve en particulier un processus de convergence des principes constitutionnels, sur base de la migration constitutionnelle de certains concepts a differents moments de l’histoire. L’induction de categories communes a partir de ces concepts permet de prendre en compte de potentiels denominateurs communs europeens, tels que la dualite entre un marche libre et ses limitations liees a des questions sociales.

Revisiting Secularism in Theory and Practice, 2020

During the eighteenth century, a seminal debate took place all over Europe, concerning the need f... more During the eighteenth century, a seminal debate took place all over Europe, concerning the need for the liberalisation of industrial production and trade or the preservation of traditional corporations of artisans, which were frequently linked to religious associations. The successful example of Great Britain in economic terms alarmed the rest of the countries of Europe first, and opened a period of reflection later. The British model was generally considered as worthy of imitation and at the same time regarded with suspicion. The moral consequences of the end of corporations referred to the religious aspects of the traditional organisation of industry. However, particularly in Spain, the links between corporate guilds and religion was not a governmental objective, but social peace and economic success. Eighteenth-century Spanish governments were willing to encourage economic growth, while secularisation and democracy were out of question. Brotherhoods and fraternities lost their ec...

L Europe En Formation, Nov 30, 2014

In September 2001, a European MP submitted a written question to the European Commission over the... more In September 2001, a European MP submitted a written question to the European Commission over the continuity of the European model of social welfare or its replacement ‘by the American law-of-the jungle model’. In its answer, the Commission fully supported the European Social Model and its modernisation, based on a ‘dynamic and positive interaction between economic, employment and social policy’ . This question and its answer show how the consideration of the European Social Model (ESM) remains a matter of lively debate within the context of the European integration process, and suggests the presence of an ideological polarisation.
The consideration of the nature and consistency of the European model of cohesion within a critical framework is important to assess whether it is rather an epiphenomenon with feeble roots that are susceptible to radical change, or the result of evolving long-term forces whose fundamentals are more likely to react to structural rather than circumstantial pressure. This chapter intends to consider a long-term evolution of the European model components in order to evaluate its variability potential under the current situation of crisis, and to consider how radical could be the change of the prevalent socio-economic paradigm. In order to do so, the European model is conceived, rather than a static system, as a dynamic model that is constantly moving between two sides: a ‘liberal’ pole, and a ‘social’ or ‘community’ extreme.

The European Social Model (ESM) is a rather vague concept, generally used for defining a certain ... more The European Social Model (ESM) is a rather vague concept, generally used for defining a certain combination between social concerns and the need for economic improvement and efficiency. This vagueness implies a weak conceptualisation, which has relevant consequences in terms of the lack of consistency or the insecurity in developing a specific socioeconomic choice at the European and national levels. Questions arise concerning the abandonment of the welfare system developed since 1945 and the general trend towards a neo-liberal approach. This paper is aimed to identify specific contents for the conceptualisation of the European model, which may be found in a number of common principles or values contained in the European constitutions.