Jose Pascual-Fernandez - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jose Pascual-Fernandez

Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021

This work is the result of an international research effort to determine the main impacts of the ... more This work is the result of an international research effort to determine the main impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on marine recreational fishing. Changes were assessed on (1) access to fishing, derived from lockdowns and other mobility restrictions; (2) ecosystems, because of alterations in fishing intensity and human presence; (3) the blue economy, derived from alterations in the investments and expenses of the fishers; and (4) society, in relation to variations in fishers’ health and well-being. For this, a consultation with experts from 16 countries was carried out, as well as an international online survey aimed at recreational fishers, that included specific questions designed to capture fishers’ heterogeneity in relation to behavior, skills and know-how, and vital involvement. Fishers’ participation in the online survey (5,998 recreational fishers in 15 countries) was promoted through a marketing campaign. The sensitivity of the fishers’ clustering procedure, based on the cap...

SIBIC 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Transdisciplinarity for Small-Scale Fisheries Governance, 2018

Humans have harvested fish and other marine resources for millennia. So why be concerned today ab... more Humans have harvested fish and other marine resources for millennia. So why be concerned today about stewardship and sustainable practices? The answers are not simple; they are changing over time, as climate changes, and perspectives vary. In this chapter, we examine the diverse facets and factors associated with stewardship and sustainable practices in small-scale fisheries, from a transdisciplinary perspective. We look at sustainability and stewardship through different lenses and examine some of the most prominent and promising initiatives applied on different scales, at multiple levels of governance, with diverse stakeholders. It is a tour that includes ecology, socioeconomics, and governance in combination rather than from one viewpoint. Critically important instruments include the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines. Topics touch on fishing gear and methods; marine protected areas; livelihoods; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing; postharvest and trade; organizations ranging from fisher cooperatives to the Marine Stewardship Council; and the sustainable practices associated with each. Our approach is one of agency in keeping with the central theme of enhancing stewardship to make a difference.

MARE Publication Series, 2020

Small-scale fisheries in Europe have historically rarely received the attention they deserve. Fis... more Small-scale fisheries in Europe have historically rarely received the attention they deserve. Fishery scholars and policy makers worldwide have until recently paid scant attention to the diversity of the fisheries sector, or to the existence of small-scale fleets and their fishing communities. For far too long, small-scale fishing activity has been obscured by a focus on medium or large-scale fleets, idealised as being more modern, technologically advanced and more profitable. However, resource crises in some fisheries and increasing concerns about unsustainable practices and subsidies have put small-scale fisheries in Europe, and beyond, centre stage once again. This chapter introduces 25 country studies about small-scale fisheries in Europe, written by authors from different academic fields as well as by practitioners. Here, we provide insights into the backgrounds of small-scale fisheries in Europe, linking them to prevailing policy approaches, such as the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). We argue that small-scale fisheries in Europe are diverse, complex and dynamic, and show various levels of resilience. The evidence collected in this book will help people to understand the range of challenges small-scale fisheries face and how these might be overcome.

La Pesca Artesanal de Canarias no cuenta con un fuerte imaginario colectivo en la poblacion de la... more La Pesca Artesanal de Canarias no cuenta con un fuerte imaginario colectivo en la poblacion de las islas. Ademas, es un sector, una profesion y una actividad que poco a poco se ha ido desdibujando de los escenarios sociales y economicos, a pesar de la importancia pasada del sector. A todo esto, se suma que Canarias se situa en el ultimo lugar de Espana en el consumo del pescado. Una revision pormenorizada de la literatura cientifica sobre el sector nos muestra que, desde la comunicacion, sobre todo organizacional, no existen estudios que hayan servido para favorecer y revalorizar el sector, por lo cual consideramos en este estudio una primera aproximacion. En este caso, nos valdremos de la aplicacion de la Comunicacion Estrategica como herramienta para potenciar y mejorar el imaginario colectivo sobre el sector. Para ello, se diseno una investigacion con enfoque cuantitativo, para lo cual se aplico una encuesta sobre el consumo de pescado en familias con hijos escolarizados en infan...

MARE Publication Series, 2020

Small-scale fisheries constitute an important segment of the Spanish fishing fleet. Within the Eu... more Small-scale fisheries constitute an important segment of the Spanish fishing fleet. Within the European context, the Spanish small-scale fleet is the third largest behind only Greece and Italy. The historical, cultural, economic, and social significance of this fishing sector in Spain is high, as is the range of gears and strategies used. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the condition of small-scale fisheries in Spain. It focuses on factors which have influenced the development of the sector over time. It thus pays attention to the role of local fisher organisations (cofradias), the interactions that occur with other fisheries but also with tourism, and the effects of the European Common Fisheries Policy. This chapter argues that small-scale fisheries in the country differ from one region to another, but all face serious challenges both at sea and in the markets. These are to be addressed by relevant actors at different scale levels.

Transdisciplinarity for Small-Scale Fisheries Governance, 2018

Several factors affect the ability of small-scale fishers to secure their livelihoods. Particular... more Several factors affect the ability of small-scale fishers to secure their livelihoods. Particularly relevant is their capacity to sell their fish, receive remunerative prices, and add value to their catches. In general, catches from small-scale fisheries have a superior quality and freshness, but this does not always lead to better prices or higher demand. Too often, local fishing catches are not sufficiently differentiated in the market from those coming from imports, larger scale fisheries, aquaculture, or even from furtive fishing. This chapter focuses on strategies adopted by small-scale fishers to add value and improve the market penetration of their catches. These strategies must embrace a wide range of actors and issues. There is also a need to know whether the fishing resources available can cope with demand, or in what ways consumers’ preferences could be refocused on other marine species to make more efficient use of potential resources. This requires the contribution of a variety of scientists, ranging from the fields of natural sciences to economics and marketing, with social sciences also playing an important role. Consequently, transdisciplinary research in this area is needed in order to optimize the income of fishing families and make it easier for consumers to access locally caught fish. This chapter will also provide a practical example to illustrate transdisciplinary research to improve small-scale fisheries capacity for innovation in marketing being developed in Tenerife (Spain). These strategies involve collaborations between scientists, local government, and the industry to produce an innovative small-scale fisheries branding initiative.

MARE Publication Series, 2013

The importance of marine and ocean ecosystems to the livelihoods and wellbeing of fishing and coa... more The importance of marine and ocean ecosystems to the livelihoods and wellbeing of fishing and coastal communities around the world is well recognized. Global efforts have been made to prevent these ecosystems from deteriorating, but the challenges are huge, with ongoing pressures and stresses driven largely by a wide range of human activities. In this chapter, we first employ the governability concept to examine these stressors in terms of their diversity, complexity, dynamics and scales in relation to the natural and social systems-to-be-governed, the governing systems and the governing interactions. Recognizing that the health of the ecosystem is an outcome of governing efforts and interactions between governing institutions and social actors, we apply the governability perspective to assess factors affecting the ability of the social system-to-be-governed and the governing system to cope with the present state of the marine and ocean ecosystems, and draw policy implications based on that analysis.

Maritime Studies, 2018

In this paper, we draw attention to the role of synergies in marine conservation and community su... more In this paper, we draw attention to the role of synergies in marine conservation and community sustainability. Using marine protected areas (MPAs) as examples, we argue that MPAs that are carefully designed to fit the existing social systems can be instrumental in synergy building and fostering community development. Such synergy creation is an essential governance strategy that helps enhance governability as it reduces conflicts and provides opportunities for constructive cooperation among stakeholders, especially in times of crisis. We illustrate this using the case of La Restinga MPA in the Canary Islands. Based on data and experiences from long-term research programs on coastal communities in the Canary Islands in general, and La Restinga in particular, we discuss the functions of the MPA in the local contexts and describe how the MPA has transformed relationships and interactions among stakeholders, leading to different levels of synergies. While some of the interactions have not been conducive to the implementation of the MPA, strong synergies have been created, especially after the volcano eruption. The story of La Restinga offers valuable lessons about the way the community copes and responds to change, and the role that synergies play in the process.

Fish for Life, 2005

KNAW Narcis. Back to search results. Publication Challenges and concerns revisited (2005). Pagina... more KNAW Narcis. Back to search results. Publication Challenges and concerns revisited (2005). Pagina-navigatie: Main. ...

PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 2003

Resumen: Los patrones de desarrollo de las últimas décadas en Canarias y en otras zonas del Estad... more Resumen: Los patrones de desarrollo de las últimas décadas en Canarias y en otras zonas del Estado han originado nuevos usos del espacio marítimo y litoral. Frente a los tradicionales vinculados a la pesca, ahora dominan frecuentemente los turísticos y recreativos. La naturaleza, construida o recreada, se convierte especialmente en los últimos años en un atractivo clave para muchos destinos. En este contexto, las reservas marinas intentan preservar ciertas zonas de especial valor biológico de los excesos de la pesca, a la vez que deberían conjugar los usos turísticos y recreativos a realizar en tales espacios con la conservación de sus valores naturales. En Canarias han constituido uno de los instrumentos claves de la política de conservación y gestión de pesquerías en las áreas costeras de las Islas. Actualmente hay tres en funcionamiento, siguiendo una tendencia cada vez más general en todo el mundo. Pero a la vez que con ellas se controla la extracción de recursos por los profesionales, se impulsan una serie de usos vinculados a determinadas formas de turismo que han generado importantes transformaciones en las poblaciones vinculadas a estas zonas protegidas. Otros impactos inducidos por el turismo o la acuicultura han alterado también sus estrategias económicas o el uso de los espacios tanto en tierra como en el mar.

STECF reviewed the report of the EWG - 12 - 11 held from September 24 – 28 2012 in Edinburgh and ... more STECF reviewed the report of the EWG - 12 - 11 held from September 24 – 28 2012 in Edinburgh and EWG - 12 - 21 held from 23 – 26 October 2012 in Barza di Ispra, during its Plenary meeting on November 5 - 9 in Brussels

Marine Policy, 2013

When marine protected areas (MPAs) do not succeed, which is often the case, their failure is most... more When marine protected areas (MPAs) do not succeed, which is often the case, their failure is mostly attributed to factors related to their design and operation. In this paper, it is argued that reasons for lack of success must be sought in the process that leads up to their establishment, i.e., the initial stage when the idea was conceived, communicated, and discussed among stakeholders. To illustrate the significance of the 'step zero', the creation of four MPAs in Spain and Mé xico is analyzed. These case studies show how MPA proposals can easily be drawn not only into power struggles between stakeholders but also into political issues that extend far beyond the MPA itself. For this reason, the governance of MPAs requires broad considerations of the potential political risks and pitfalls. MPAs are, after all, not just a technical management measure, but a socio-political enterprise.

Información del artículo Actividades de renovación de la oferta litoral: el caso del turismo de b... more Información del artículo Actividades de renovación de la oferta litoral: el caso del turismo de buceo en las islas Canarias.

Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021

This work is the result of an international research effort to determine the main impacts of the ... more This work is the result of an international research effort to determine the main impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on marine recreational fishing. Changes were assessed on (1) access to fishing, derived from lockdowns and other mobility restrictions; (2) ecosystems, because of alterations in fishing intensity and human presence; (3) the blue economy, derived from alterations in the investments and expenses of the fishers; and (4) society, in relation to variations in fishers’ health and well-being. For this, a consultation with experts from 16 countries was carried out, as well as an international online survey aimed at recreational fishers, that included specific questions designed to capture fishers’ heterogeneity in relation to behavior, skills and know-how, and vital involvement. Fishers’ participation in the online survey (5,998 recreational fishers in 15 countries) was promoted through a marketing campaign. The sensitivity of the fishers’ clustering procedure, based on the cap...

SIBIC 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Transdisciplinarity for Small-Scale Fisheries Governance, 2018

Humans have harvested fish and other marine resources for millennia. So why be concerned today ab... more Humans have harvested fish and other marine resources for millennia. So why be concerned today about stewardship and sustainable practices? The answers are not simple; they are changing over time, as climate changes, and perspectives vary. In this chapter, we examine the diverse facets and factors associated with stewardship and sustainable practices in small-scale fisheries, from a transdisciplinary perspective. We look at sustainability and stewardship through different lenses and examine some of the most prominent and promising initiatives applied on different scales, at multiple levels of governance, with diverse stakeholders. It is a tour that includes ecology, socioeconomics, and governance in combination rather than from one viewpoint. Critically important instruments include the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines. Topics touch on fishing gear and methods; marine protected areas; livelihoods; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing; postharvest and trade; organizations ranging from fisher cooperatives to the Marine Stewardship Council; and the sustainable practices associated with each. Our approach is one of agency in keeping with the central theme of enhancing stewardship to make a difference.

MARE Publication Series, 2020

Small-scale fisheries in Europe have historically rarely received the attention they deserve. Fis... more Small-scale fisheries in Europe have historically rarely received the attention they deserve. Fishery scholars and policy makers worldwide have until recently paid scant attention to the diversity of the fisheries sector, or to the existence of small-scale fleets and their fishing communities. For far too long, small-scale fishing activity has been obscured by a focus on medium or large-scale fleets, idealised as being more modern, technologically advanced and more profitable. However, resource crises in some fisheries and increasing concerns about unsustainable practices and subsidies have put small-scale fisheries in Europe, and beyond, centre stage once again. This chapter introduces 25 country studies about small-scale fisheries in Europe, written by authors from different academic fields as well as by practitioners. Here, we provide insights into the backgrounds of small-scale fisheries in Europe, linking them to prevailing policy approaches, such as the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). We argue that small-scale fisheries in Europe are diverse, complex and dynamic, and show various levels of resilience. The evidence collected in this book will help people to understand the range of challenges small-scale fisheries face and how these might be overcome.

La Pesca Artesanal de Canarias no cuenta con un fuerte imaginario colectivo en la poblacion de la... more La Pesca Artesanal de Canarias no cuenta con un fuerte imaginario colectivo en la poblacion de las islas. Ademas, es un sector, una profesion y una actividad que poco a poco se ha ido desdibujando de los escenarios sociales y economicos, a pesar de la importancia pasada del sector. A todo esto, se suma que Canarias se situa en el ultimo lugar de Espana en el consumo del pescado. Una revision pormenorizada de la literatura cientifica sobre el sector nos muestra que, desde la comunicacion, sobre todo organizacional, no existen estudios que hayan servido para favorecer y revalorizar el sector, por lo cual consideramos en este estudio una primera aproximacion. En este caso, nos valdremos de la aplicacion de la Comunicacion Estrategica como herramienta para potenciar y mejorar el imaginario colectivo sobre el sector. Para ello, se diseno una investigacion con enfoque cuantitativo, para lo cual se aplico una encuesta sobre el consumo de pescado en familias con hijos escolarizados en infan...

MARE Publication Series, 2020

Small-scale fisheries constitute an important segment of the Spanish fishing fleet. Within the Eu... more Small-scale fisheries constitute an important segment of the Spanish fishing fleet. Within the European context, the Spanish small-scale fleet is the third largest behind only Greece and Italy. The historical, cultural, economic, and social significance of this fishing sector in Spain is high, as is the range of gears and strategies used. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the condition of small-scale fisheries in Spain. It focuses on factors which have influenced the development of the sector over time. It thus pays attention to the role of local fisher organisations (cofradias), the interactions that occur with other fisheries but also with tourism, and the effects of the European Common Fisheries Policy. This chapter argues that small-scale fisheries in the country differ from one region to another, but all face serious challenges both at sea and in the markets. These are to be addressed by relevant actors at different scale levels.

Transdisciplinarity for Small-Scale Fisheries Governance, 2018

Several factors affect the ability of small-scale fishers to secure their livelihoods. Particular... more Several factors affect the ability of small-scale fishers to secure their livelihoods. Particularly relevant is their capacity to sell their fish, receive remunerative prices, and add value to their catches. In general, catches from small-scale fisheries have a superior quality and freshness, but this does not always lead to better prices or higher demand. Too often, local fishing catches are not sufficiently differentiated in the market from those coming from imports, larger scale fisheries, aquaculture, or even from furtive fishing. This chapter focuses on strategies adopted by small-scale fishers to add value and improve the market penetration of their catches. These strategies must embrace a wide range of actors and issues. There is also a need to know whether the fishing resources available can cope with demand, or in what ways consumers’ preferences could be refocused on other marine species to make more efficient use of potential resources. This requires the contribution of a variety of scientists, ranging from the fields of natural sciences to economics and marketing, with social sciences also playing an important role. Consequently, transdisciplinary research in this area is needed in order to optimize the income of fishing families and make it easier for consumers to access locally caught fish. This chapter will also provide a practical example to illustrate transdisciplinary research to improve small-scale fisheries capacity for innovation in marketing being developed in Tenerife (Spain). These strategies involve collaborations between scientists, local government, and the industry to produce an innovative small-scale fisheries branding initiative.

MARE Publication Series, 2013

The importance of marine and ocean ecosystems to the livelihoods and wellbeing of fishing and coa... more The importance of marine and ocean ecosystems to the livelihoods and wellbeing of fishing and coastal communities around the world is well recognized. Global efforts have been made to prevent these ecosystems from deteriorating, but the challenges are huge, with ongoing pressures and stresses driven largely by a wide range of human activities. In this chapter, we first employ the governability concept to examine these stressors in terms of their diversity, complexity, dynamics and scales in relation to the natural and social systems-to-be-governed, the governing systems and the governing interactions. Recognizing that the health of the ecosystem is an outcome of governing efforts and interactions between governing institutions and social actors, we apply the governability perspective to assess factors affecting the ability of the social system-to-be-governed and the governing system to cope with the present state of the marine and ocean ecosystems, and draw policy implications based on that analysis.

Maritime Studies, 2018

In this paper, we draw attention to the role of synergies in marine conservation and community su... more In this paper, we draw attention to the role of synergies in marine conservation and community sustainability. Using marine protected areas (MPAs) as examples, we argue that MPAs that are carefully designed to fit the existing social systems can be instrumental in synergy building and fostering community development. Such synergy creation is an essential governance strategy that helps enhance governability as it reduces conflicts and provides opportunities for constructive cooperation among stakeholders, especially in times of crisis. We illustrate this using the case of La Restinga MPA in the Canary Islands. Based on data and experiences from long-term research programs on coastal communities in the Canary Islands in general, and La Restinga in particular, we discuss the functions of the MPA in the local contexts and describe how the MPA has transformed relationships and interactions among stakeholders, leading to different levels of synergies. While some of the interactions have not been conducive to the implementation of the MPA, strong synergies have been created, especially after the volcano eruption. The story of La Restinga offers valuable lessons about the way the community copes and responds to change, and the role that synergies play in the process.

Fish for Life, 2005

KNAW Narcis. Back to search results. Publication Challenges and concerns revisited (2005). Pagina... more KNAW Narcis. Back to search results. Publication Challenges and concerns revisited (2005). Pagina-navigatie: Main. ...

PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 2003

Resumen: Los patrones de desarrollo de las últimas décadas en Canarias y en otras zonas del Estad... more Resumen: Los patrones de desarrollo de las últimas décadas en Canarias y en otras zonas del Estado han originado nuevos usos del espacio marítimo y litoral. Frente a los tradicionales vinculados a la pesca, ahora dominan frecuentemente los turísticos y recreativos. La naturaleza, construida o recreada, se convierte especialmente en los últimos años en un atractivo clave para muchos destinos. En este contexto, las reservas marinas intentan preservar ciertas zonas de especial valor biológico de los excesos de la pesca, a la vez que deberían conjugar los usos turísticos y recreativos a realizar en tales espacios con la conservación de sus valores naturales. En Canarias han constituido uno de los instrumentos claves de la política de conservación y gestión de pesquerías en las áreas costeras de las Islas. Actualmente hay tres en funcionamiento, siguiendo una tendencia cada vez más general en todo el mundo. Pero a la vez que con ellas se controla la extracción de recursos por los profesionales, se impulsan una serie de usos vinculados a determinadas formas de turismo que han generado importantes transformaciones en las poblaciones vinculadas a estas zonas protegidas. Otros impactos inducidos por el turismo o la acuicultura han alterado también sus estrategias económicas o el uso de los espacios tanto en tierra como en el mar.

STECF reviewed the report of the EWG - 12 - 11 held from September 24 – 28 2012 in Edinburgh and ... more STECF reviewed the report of the EWG - 12 - 11 held from September 24 – 28 2012 in Edinburgh and EWG - 12 - 21 held from 23 – 26 October 2012 in Barza di Ispra, during its Plenary meeting on November 5 - 9 in Brussels

Marine Policy, 2013

When marine protected areas (MPAs) do not succeed, which is often the case, their failure is most... more When marine protected areas (MPAs) do not succeed, which is often the case, their failure is mostly attributed to factors related to their design and operation. In this paper, it is argued that reasons for lack of success must be sought in the process that leads up to their establishment, i.e., the initial stage when the idea was conceived, communicated, and discussed among stakeholders. To illustrate the significance of the 'step zero', the creation of four MPAs in Spain and Mé xico is analyzed. These case studies show how MPA proposals can easily be drawn not only into power struggles between stakeholders but also into political issues that extend far beyond the MPA itself. For this reason, the governance of MPAs requires broad considerations of the potential political risks and pitfalls. MPAs are, after all, not just a technical management measure, but a socio-political enterprise.

Información del artículo Actividades de renovación de la oferta litoral: el caso del turismo de b... more Información del artículo Actividades de renovación de la oferta litoral: el caso del turismo de buceo en las islas Canarias.