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Papers by Jose Luis Valverde Piedra
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2018
The use of complementary visualization and measurement techniques allowed accurate description an... more The use of complementary visualization and measurement techniques allowed accurate description and quantification of changes in the intestinal mucosal architecture and provided a comprehensive outlook on the dynamics of remodelling and maturation processes of the mucosal layer taking place in the small intestine of piglets from birth to weaning. The aim of the study was to examine the early postnatal development of the small intestine in pigs. Three techniques were used: scanning electron microscopy (measurements of villus density and shape, height of enterocytes and microvilli, cell exfoliation, and location of extrusion zones), optical microscopy (cross section, measurement of structures: villus length and width; crypt depth; mucosal thickness), and confocal microscopy (cell localization, apoptosis, exfoliation and migration). The postnatal development of the mucosal layer of the small intestine was reflected in changes in the density, length, width, and shape of villi, crypt dept...
Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement, 2006
Polish journal of veterinary sciences, 2018
This work reports on cadmium and lead contaminations in the edible snail Helix pomatia harvested ... more This work reports on cadmium and lead contaminations in the edible snail Helix pomatia harvested in Poland. One hundred and 24 samples of Helix pomatia meat collected from seven provinces (voivodeships) of Poland were analyzed for their trace metal levels by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The research was conducted in 2 stages. The 1st stage analyzed snail meat prior to any further technological treatment (raw meat). In the 2nd stage, the trace element levels were measured in meat subjected to technological treatment (processed meat). The trace element contents in raw meat samples ranged from 0.06 mg kg-1 to 0.22 mg kg-1 for Cd and from 0.06 mg kg-1 to 0.18 mg kg-1 for Pb. The analyses revealed an increase in the cad- mium content from 0.12 mg kg-1 to 0.18 mg kg-1 in thermally treated snail meat and no changes in lead concentration during the two-stage heat treatment. Regulation (EC) 1881/2006 does not specify the Cd and Pb residue limits in meat of terrest...
Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 2021
The comet assay method is a research technique for detecting damage to cellular DNA due to active... more The comet assay method is a research technique for detecting damage to cellular DNA due to active physical or chemical agents. The comet assay is based on electrophoretic migration of genetic material contained in the cell’s nucleus. This research method is commonly used in many different fields, such as toxicology, environmental protection, and pharmacology. In recent years, the comet assay has attracted considerable attention from scientists studying the effects of harmful substances on the genetic material in the cell’s nucleus. The presence of pesticides in the environment is a threat to animals, because of the negative effects of pesticides on cells and their genetic material. Therefore, the aim of this paper, based on the available literature, was to describe the use of the comet assay in assessing the genotoxicity of pesticides to cells of aquatic organisms, as well as to describe the methodology and potential complications of this procedure.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 2014
Poultry Science, 2019
This study focused on analyzing the effects of inclusion of modern hybrid rye to corn-wheat diet ... more This study focused on analyzing the effects of inclusion of modern hybrid rye to corn-wheat diet on mechanical properties of bones and tendons. A total of 224 broiler chickens were fed a diet without rye inclusion or a diet containing 15% of hybrid rye cv. Brasetto. The diets were either unsupplemented or supplemented with xylanase (minimum activity 1000 FXU/g, dose 200 mg/kg of feed). Each dietary group consisted of 56 birds. On day 42, selected chickens (n = 7 from each group) were slaughtered. Tibia were analyzed for mineralization, geometry, and biomechanical characteristics of bone mid-diaphysis. The mechanical properties of digital flexor III tendon were also assessed. Bone mineral density and bone ash percentage did not differ when both diets were given without xylanase. Enzyme supplementation increased bone mineral density (P < 0.01) in both dietary groups, whereas bone ash percentage (P < 0.01) increased only for corn-wheat diet. Rye inclusion had no effect on bone mi...
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2005
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of raw and extruded feed containing soyabean... more The aim of this study was to determine the influence of raw and extruded feed containing soyabean meal on pancreatic juice enzyme activities in young calves. Experiments were carried out on twelve calves cannulated 3 weeks after birth. The calves from the control group were fed a semiliquid diet (milk and cereal mixture). The calves from the experimental groups received a semiliquid diet containing additionally soyabean meal in either raw or extruded form. A significant increase of protein and trypsin output as well as proteolytic activity in the pancreatic juice was observed in calves fed the diet with raw soyabean meal.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 1998
The studies were carried on 24 pigs divided into 4 groups: control and 3 experimental. The pigs w... more The studies were carried on 24 pigs divided into 4 groups: control and 3 experimental. The pigs were fed for 8 weeks the diets: basic diet (control group) and supplemented with 10% raw grass pea seeds (group II) or with 10%) raw grass peas seeds plus methionine (group III) and supplemented with 20% extruded grass pea seeds and methionine (group IV). The protein content in the pancreas did not differ significanty between mean valeus for control and experimental groups. In the control group the protein content in pancreas amounted 755.00 ± 52.7 mg/ml, while in the three experimental groups 691.27 ± 25.55, 715.83 ± 54.84 and 763.33 ± 50.62 mg/ml, respectively. Proteolytic activity of the pancreatic homogenates was significantly lower in both experimental groups (II and III) of pigs fed on diets with 10% raw grass pea seeds. There were no significant differences between the pigs from group IV and control. Tryspin activity of pancreatic homogenates from pigs of the groups II and III was significantly lower than in control pigs and pigs from group IV.
Livestock Science, 2007
The mechanisms involved in the down regulation of the exocrine pancreas are still not fully eluci... more The mechanisms involved in the down regulation of the exocrine pancreas are still not fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of duodenal and ileal exposure to pancreatic enzymes and bile on pancreatic secretion. Experiments were performed with pigs fitted with pancreatic duct, ileal and jugular vein catheters, and duodenal T-shaped cannula. A negative feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion was found for both duodenal and ileal delivery of pancreatic juice. Pancreatic secretion was unaffected by duodenal delivery of bile and bile salts, while ileal delivery of bile and bile salts lowered it. On the other hand, pancreatic secretion was increased by duodenal loading of commercial non-or activated pancreatic enzyme preparations, thus probably recognised as dietary protein. Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) level was lowered only by duodenal delivery of pancreatic juice. In conclusion, the results prove the existence of negative feedback mechanism regulating pancreatic secretion dependent on the presence of pure pancreatic juice or bile at the ileal level. The mechanism at the duodenal level is exclusively sensitive to pure pancreatic juice.
Livestock Science, 2007
Dietary bioactive substances involving taurine, L-carnitine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavono... more Dietary bioactive substances involving taurine, L-carnitine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids and antioxidants were shown to control the perinatal development in mammals. A blend of bioactive substances was used to supplement the diet of sows according to the optimal needs of their offspring. Our study aimed to examine the development of gastrointestinal tract in their offspring as compared to the offspring from control sows fed with standard diet. The supplemented diet was given from the gestation day 80 until the end of lactation period. One piglet from each litter was sacrificed on postnatal days 1 (i.e., unsuckling neonates), 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 for tissue sampling. At birth, the stomach relative weight was larger in the supplemented group, and the small intestine relative weight was smaller as compared to control. These differences disappeared within 1-4 postnatal days. The stomach weight was larger at postnatal day 28 in the supplemented group as compared to control. Gastric protein content and the proteolytic activity in the offspring of the supplemented sows showed after birth a tendency to increase as compared to control, though the differences disappeared after the fourth postnatal day. In conclusion, the supplementation of sow diet with dietary bioactive substances affected primarily the prenatal development of the stomach and small intestine in their offspring.
Journal of Animal Science, 2012
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2005
To study the absorption, metabolism and kinetics, the AKG (in different concentrations) was admin... more To study the absorption, metabolism and kinetics, the AKG (in different concentrations) was administered intravenously, intra-portally, orally and directly into the ileum or duodenum of pigs, chronically fitted with portal and jugular catheters and T-shaped cannula at the duodenum and ileum. Additionally, this study was conducted to determine the influence of low pH, Fe(2+) or/and SO on AKG gut absorption and conversely FeSO(4) and FeSO(4)/AKG on Fe(2+) gut absorption. It is concluded that AKG was significantly better absorbed from the upper small intestine than from the distal sections. Furthermore, low pH, Fe(2+) and/or SO ions enhanced AKG absorption. The AKG administered to the portal vein was rapidly eliminated from the blood (half-life less than 5 min). The short lifetime for AKG is probably dependent on quick metabolism in the enteorcyetes and liver. However, the prolonged half-life can be related to its low AKG blood concentration. The Fe(2+) concentrations in blood increased after FeSO(4) and FeSO(4)/AKG duodenal infusion. The implication of above observations is important for practical application of the AKG in animal and human nutrition as well in medicine.
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2018
The use of complementary visualization and measurement techniques allowed accurate description an... more The use of complementary visualization and measurement techniques allowed accurate description and quantification of changes in the intestinal mucosal architecture and provided a comprehensive outlook on the dynamics of remodelling and maturation processes of the mucosal layer taking place in the small intestine of piglets from birth to weaning. The aim of the study was to examine the early postnatal development of the small intestine in pigs. Three techniques were used: scanning electron microscopy (measurements of villus density and shape, height of enterocytes and microvilli, cell exfoliation, and location of extrusion zones), optical microscopy (cross section, measurement of structures: villus length and width; crypt depth; mucosal thickness), and confocal microscopy (cell localization, apoptosis, exfoliation and migration). The postnatal development of the mucosal layer of the small intestine was reflected in changes in the density, length, width, and shape of villi, crypt dept...
Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement, 2006
Polish journal of veterinary sciences, 2018
This work reports on cadmium and lead contaminations in the edible snail Helix pomatia harvested ... more This work reports on cadmium and lead contaminations in the edible snail Helix pomatia harvested in Poland. One hundred and 24 samples of Helix pomatia meat collected from seven provinces (voivodeships) of Poland were analyzed for their trace metal levels by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The research was conducted in 2 stages. The 1st stage analyzed snail meat prior to any further technological treatment (raw meat). In the 2nd stage, the trace element levels were measured in meat subjected to technological treatment (processed meat). The trace element contents in raw meat samples ranged from 0.06 mg kg-1 to 0.22 mg kg-1 for Cd and from 0.06 mg kg-1 to 0.18 mg kg-1 for Pb. The analyses revealed an increase in the cad- mium content from 0.12 mg kg-1 to 0.18 mg kg-1 in thermally treated snail meat and no changes in lead concentration during the two-stage heat treatment. Regulation (EC) 1881/2006 does not specify the Cd and Pb residue limits in meat of terrest...
Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 2021
The comet assay method is a research technique for detecting damage to cellular DNA due to active... more The comet assay method is a research technique for detecting damage to cellular DNA due to active physical or chemical agents. The comet assay is based on electrophoretic migration of genetic material contained in the cell’s nucleus. This research method is commonly used in many different fields, such as toxicology, environmental protection, and pharmacology. In recent years, the comet assay has attracted considerable attention from scientists studying the effects of harmful substances on the genetic material in the cell’s nucleus. The presence of pesticides in the environment is a threat to animals, because of the negative effects of pesticides on cells and their genetic material. Therefore, the aim of this paper, based on the available literature, was to describe the use of the comet assay in assessing the genotoxicity of pesticides to cells of aquatic organisms, as well as to describe the methodology and potential complications of this procedure.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 2014
Poultry Science, 2019
This study focused on analyzing the effects of inclusion of modern hybrid rye to corn-wheat diet ... more This study focused on analyzing the effects of inclusion of modern hybrid rye to corn-wheat diet on mechanical properties of bones and tendons. A total of 224 broiler chickens were fed a diet without rye inclusion or a diet containing 15% of hybrid rye cv. Brasetto. The diets were either unsupplemented or supplemented with xylanase (minimum activity 1000 FXU/g, dose 200 mg/kg of feed). Each dietary group consisted of 56 birds. On day 42, selected chickens (n = 7 from each group) were slaughtered. Tibia were analyzed for mineralization, geometry, and biomechanical characteristics of bone mid-diaphysis. The mechanical properties of digital flexor III tendon were also assessed. Bone mineral density and bone ash percentage did not differ when both diets were given without xylanase. Enzyme supplementation increased bone mineral density (P < 0.01) in both dietary groups, whereas bone ash percentage (P < 0.01) increased only for corn-wheat diet. Rye inclusion had no effect on bone mi...
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2005
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of raw and extruded feed containing soyabean... more The aim of this study was to determine the influence of raw and extruded feed containing soyabean meal on pancreatic juice enzyme activities in young calves. Experiments were carried out on twelve calves cannulated 3 weeks after birth. The calves from the control group were fed a semiliquid diet (milk and cereal mixture). The calves from the experimental groups received a semiliquid diet containing additionally soyabean meal in either raw or extruded form. A significant increase of protein and trypsin output as well as proteolytic activity in the pancreatic juice was observed in calves fed the diet with raw soyabean meal.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 1998
The studies were carried on 24 pigs divided into 4 groups: control and 3 experimental. The pigs w... more The studies were carried on 24 pigs divided into 4 groups: control and 3 experimental. The pigs were fed for 8 weeks the diets: basic diet (control group) and supplemented with 10% raw grass pea seeds (group II) or with 10%) raw grass peas seeds plus methionine (group III) and supplemented with 20% extruded grass pea seeds and methionine (group IV). The protein content in the pancreas did not differ significanty between mean valeus for control and experimental groups. In the control group the protein content in pancreas amounted 755.00 ± 52.7 mg/ml, while in the three experimental groups 691.27 ± 25.55, 715.83 ± 54.84 and 763.33 ± 50.62 mg/ml, respectively. Proteolytic activity of the pancreatic homogenates was significantly lower in both experimental groups (II and III) of pigs fed on diets with 10% raw grass pea seeds. There were no significant differences between the pigs from group IV and control. Tryspin activity of pancreatic homogenates from pigs of the groups II and III was significantly lower than in control pigs and pigs from group IV.
Livestock Science, 2007
The mechanisms involved in the down regulation of the exocrine pancreas are still not fully eluci... more The mechanisms involved in the down regulation of the exocrine pancreas are still not fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of duodenal and ileal exposure to pancreatic enzymes and bile on pancreatic secretion. Experiments were performed with pigs fitted with pancreatic duct, ileal and jugular vein catheters, and duodenal T-shaped cannula. A negative feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion was found for both duodenal and ileal delivery of pancreatic juice. Pancreatic secretion was unaffected by duodenal delivery of bile and bile salts, while ileal delivery of bile and bile salts lowered it. On the other hand, pancreatic secretion was increased by duodenal loading of commercial non-or activated pancreatic enzyme preparations, thus probably recognised as dietary protein. Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) level was lowered only by duodenal delivery of pancreatic juice. In conclusion, the results prove the existence of negative feedback mechanism regulating pancreatic secretion dependent on the presence of pure pancreatic juice or bile at the ileal level. The mechanism at the duodenal level is exclusively sensitive to pure pancreatic juice.
Livestock Science, 2007
Dietary bioactive substances involving taurine, L-carnitine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavono... more Dietary bioactive substances involving taurine, L-carnitine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids and antioxidants were shown to control the perinatal development in mammals. A blend of bioactive substances was used to supplement the diet of sows according to the optimal needs of their offspring. Our study aimed to examine the development of gastrointestinal tract in their offspring as compared to the offspring from control sows fed with standard diet. The supplemented diet was given from the gestation day 80 until the end of lactation period. One piglet from each litter was sacrificed on postnatal days 1 (i.e., unsuckling neonates), 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 for tissue sampling. At birth, the stomach relative weight was larger in the supplemented group, and the small intestine relative weight was smaller as compared to control. These differences disappeared within 1-4 postnatal days. The stomach weight was larger at postnatal day 28 in the supplemented group as compared to control. Gastric protein content and the proteolytic activity in the offspring of the supplemented sows showed after birth a tendency to increase as compared to control, though the differences disappeared after the fourth postnatal day. In conclusion, the supplementation of sow diet with dietary bioactive substances affected primarily the prenatal development of the stomach and small intestine in their offspring.
Journal of Animal Science, 2012
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2005
To study the absorption, metabolism and kinetics, the AKG (in different concentrations) was admin... more To study the absorption, metabolism and kinetics, the AKG (in different concentrations) was administered intravenously, intra-portally, orally and directly into the ileum or duodenum of pigs, chronically fitted with portal and jugular catheters and T-shaped cannula at the duodenum and ileum. Additionally, this study was conducted to determine the influence of low pH, Fe(2+) or/and SO on AKG gut absorption and conversely FeSO(4) and FeSO(4)/AKG on Fe(2+) gut absorption. It is concluded that AKG was significantly better absorbed from the upper small intestine than from the distal sections. Furthermore, low pH, Fe(2+) and/or SO ions enhanced AKG absorption. The AKG administered to the portal vein was rapidly eliminated from the blood (half-life less than 5 min). The short lifetime for AKG is probably dependent on quick metabolism in the enteorcyetes and liver. However, the prolonged half-life can be related to its low AKG blood concentration. The Fe(2+) concentrations in blood increased after FeSO(4) and FeSO(4)/AKG duodenal infusion. The implication of above observations is important for practical application of the AKG in animal and human nutrition as well in medicine.