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Papers by Joseph Akan

Research paper thumbnail of Human Health Assessment of Heavy Metals through Consumption of Vegetables from Some Agricultural Locations in Borno State, North East Nigeria

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration and conduct risk assessment of heavy met... more The aim of this study was to determine the concentration and conduct risk assessment of heavy metals in some selected vegetables (tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea onion (Allium cepa), cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) from Gongolong and Alau Dam agricultural locations. The vegetable samples were digested and analyst using Perkin-Elmer A-Analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The concentration of the studied heavy metals in the vegetables exceeded the maximum permissible limits as specify by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Results from average daily intake (ADI) were below the provisional tolerance daily intake and are safe for human consumption. Hazard quotient (HQ) values for all the metals were less than the USEPA permissible limit of 1, and does not pose any serious health risk, except Cd and As from Gongolung agricultural location which indicate potential non-cancer health risk. H...

Research paper thumbnail of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticides Residues in Water and Sediment Samples from River Benue in Vinikilang, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Equipped with Electron Capture Detector

American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2015

Water and sediment samples from ten (10) different sampling points along river Benue, in Vinikila... more Water and sediment samples from ten (10) different sampling points along river Benue, in Vinikilang, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria, were collected for the determination of organochlorine (o, p-DDE, p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT , p,p’-DDT dieldrin and aldrin), organophosphorus (dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and Malathion) and pyrethriod (cypermethrin, bifenthrin, permethrin and deltamethrin) pesticide residues. Sample collection and preparation were carried out using standard procedures. The concentrations of all the pesticides in water and sediment samples were determined using GC/MS SHIMADZU (GC-17A) equipped with electron capture detector. The concentrations of organochlorine, organophosphorus and Pyrethriod pesticide residues were significantly higher in the sediment samples than water samples. According to the concentrations and detection frequency, dieldrin and aldrin were the most dominant compounds among the organochlorine pesticide residues. The total conce...

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Some Elements in Different Parts of Solanum Macrocarpum Linn, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

The leaf, fruit, stem and root of Solanum macrocarpum Linn plant was collected from Alau in Kondu... more The leaf, fruit, stem and root of Solanum macrocarpum Linn plant was collected from Alau in Konduga Local Government Area, Borno State between October and November, 2007 and were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of S, Ca, K and Na were the most abundant elements present in Solanum macrocarpum Linn samples than other elements. The levels of all the elements were highest in the leaf and fruit, while stem and root shows the least concentrations. From the result of this study, the levels of all the elements present in the analyzed sample are low to cause any kind of toxic effect.

Research paper thumbnail of Heavy metals in sediments from River Ngada, Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria

The objective of this research was to determine the degree of heavy metal contamination in River ... more The objective of this research was to determine the degree of heavy metal contamination in River Ngada and the extent to which the sediment quality of the river had deteriorated. In this study, metals such as Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cr, Cd As, Ni and Pb in the sediments were determined using Perkin-Elmer Analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The extent of sediment quality deterioration was observed in all the sampling points to be higher with respect to all the metals studied. The levels of the above metals increased with an increase in distance from point S1 to S8. The metals also increased with increasing sediment depth, indicating age-long accumulation of heavy metals from anthropogenic sources. The study revealed that the levels of all the metals studied were higher than the WHO’s standard sediment guideline limits. If this trend is allowed to continue unabated, it is most likely that the food web in this study environment might be at highest risk of induced heavy met...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of the chemical constituents and in-vitro antibacterial efficacies of the extracts of Croton zambesicus Muell ARG. stem-bark

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2010

The stem bark of Croton zambesicus was extracted using soxlet apparatus with petroleum ether, eth... more The stem bark of Croton zambesicus was extracted using soxlet apparatus with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water respectively. The extracts were screened for chemical components. The results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoides, terpenes/steroids and alkaloids. In vitro antimicrobial study of the extracts revealed strong broad spectrum activity, especially for methanol extract. This is evident from the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test results in which the methanol extract had MIC and MBC of 1.560 mg on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by ethyl acetate extract with MIC value of 3.125 mg and 6.25 mg for MBC on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Petroleum ether extract showed the highest activity on Shigella dysenteriae, S. aureus and E. coli with MIC value 25 mg and 50 mg for MBC while the aqueous extract did not show activity at all. The result of this study provide more basis and credence for the use of this plant in the treatment of ailments whose causative agents are some of the pathogenic microbes used in this study, and thus suggest the possible usefulness of C. zambesicus in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Roadside Soils from Some Major Roads in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Nuclear Science, 2019

Heavy metal concentration in road side soils with its potential ecological effects draws much att... more Heavy metal concentration in road side soils with its potential ecological effects draws much attention in the developing countries. This necessitates the study of their accumulation in the road side soils of Maiduguri (longitude 11° 13' N; latitude 13° 05' E), to ensure effective protection of soil from the potential loss of its fertility. In this study, roadside soil samples from major roads (Baga road, Bama road, Ngala road and Kano/Jos road) of Maiduguri were collected and determined the levels of heavy metals (As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu) in the roadside soil using the Perkin-Elmer analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that in all the sampling locations, Mn, Zn, Fe and Pb have higher concentration of 137.4±0.04 mg/kg, 392.11±0.07 mg/kg, 13491.70±0.07 mg/kg and 928.50±0.04 mg/kg respectively in roadside soil as compared with Cd of concentration ranges from 0 to maximum of 0.87±0.04mg/kg in Ngala road. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the soil samples were higher than the recommended value of 48 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg respectively. The higher concentration of these metals in the roadside soil samples may be attributed to human activities and traffic volume. Therefore, there is need to further study the concentrations of such heavy metals in agricultural soil, plants and vegetables grown in that area, animals that fed on the plants and any other source that directly or indirectly link to the source of food of the populace.

Research paper thumbnail of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Sample from Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe State, Nigeria

Chemical Science International Journal, 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of PAHs in water samples from Dad... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of PAHs in water samples from Dadin Kowa Dam, Nigeria and to evaluate the risk associated with the ingestion of the water from the Dam. The concentrations of PAHs varied with the sample site and season; and the levels of PAHs at all site are found to be significantly below the maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) of 0.005 to 3.0 mg/l. The carcinogenic risks were higher than 10−6 threshold values, and the water from Dadin Kowa Dam is considered to pose significant health effects to children and adult. However, the carcinogenicity risks rating decrease in the order of children > adult. The study further demonstrated that Dadin Kowa Dam requires a substantial PAHs pollution control program.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between Mean Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Male and Female Quelea Birds (Quelea quelea) in Gyawana Ecosystem, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2018

Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust, and they enter into the biosphere both ... more Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust, and they enter into the biosphere both naturally and as a result of human activities. This study was carried out mainly to compare by sex the concentrations of heavy metals in the Quelea birds (Quelea quelea) in Gyawana Ecosystem, Adamawa State, Nigeria, for a period of twelve months (December 2015 to November, 2016). Quelea birds (Quelea quelea), were collected once every first week of a month from various locations. A total of four hundred and eighty (480) male and female birds were captured in the wild. Their blood and organs were collected by sex. Their liver, flesh and brain which were dried at 105 o C

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Heavy Metals in Blood, Urine and Water Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer and Fluoride Using Ion-Selective Electrode

Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques, 2014

This study was conducted in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State, Nigeria. The levels of fluoride,... more This study was conducted in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State, Nigeria. The levels of fluoride, cadmium, arsenic, lead and nickel were determined in sachet, tap and ground water. The levels of fluoride and some heavy metals were also determined in blood and urine samples with respect to age groups. The sample collection and preparation were carried out using standard procedures. The concentrations of the heavy metals were determined by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICPAES), while fluoride was determined Potentiometrically Using Ion-Selective Electrode. The results of this study showed that the concentration of fluoride was highest in male subject with a value of 1.65 mg/l within the age group of 51-60, while the lowest concentration of 0.02 mg/l was observed in female subject within the age group of 1-10. The concentrations of the metals studied in blood samples from male subject were significantly higher than in the female subject. The concentrations of these metals were significantly higher at an age group of 51-60, while the age group 1-10 showed the lowest concentrations. It was also observed that the concentration of fluoride in urine samples from male subject increased significantly with increase in age (P<0.05). The concentration of fluoride in borehole water from Gamboru, Bolori, Mairi and Gwange ward ranged between 0.02 mg/l and 0.01 mg/l, 0.04 mg/l and 0.11 mg/l Ni, 0.05 mg/l and 0.07 mg/l Cd, while for tap water the concentration of fluoride ranged from (0.034 to 0.73 mg/l), (0.026 to 0.54 mg/l)As, (0.15 to 0.24 mg/l)Pb, (0.08 to 0.22 mg/l)Ni, and (0.12 to 0.31 mg/l)Cd. Similarly for sachet water (Hauwa, Madube, Mustapha and Rahama waters) the concentration of fluoride ranged between 0.01 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l, 0.01 mg/l and 0.03 mg/l As, 0.001 mg/l to 0.05 mg/lPb, 0.01 mg/l and 0.0007 mg/l Ni, 0.01 mg/l to 0.05 mg/l Cd. The highest concentration of Cd in borehole water was observed in Mairi, while the lowest concentration of F was in Gamboru. Similarly, the concentration of F in tap water was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Bolori, while Ni showed the lowest concentration in Gamboru. From the above results, the concentrations of all the metals in the water samples were lower than those of the blood and urine samples, this is possible because; metals can be accumulated and concentrated in human bodies. Hence, it may be concluded that the water samples consumed by these inhabitants might not be responsible for the presence of these studied metal in the blood and urine samples.

Research paper thumbnail of Some Organic Content and Effects of Administered Dusts on Haematological Parameters in Apparently Healthy Goats

International Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria

International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2013

The concentrations of some heavy metals and anions were determined in vegetable samples (spinach ... more The concentrations of some heavy metals and anions were determined in vegetable samples (spinach (Amaranth caudatus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), Cabbage (Brassica olemcea) and Onion (Allium cepa) which were freshly harvested within four agricultural locations(Mirnga, Zira, Wangaga and Malang) in Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Metal concentrations in the vegetable samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), while anions were determined by Smart spectrophotometer (model 2000). The results for vegetable samples showed that leaves contained much higher concentrations of heavy metals and anions than roots and stems.The concentrations of Cr detected in the vegetable samples ranged from 0.23 to 3.22mg/kg; 0.23 to 3.43mg/kg Mn; 0.23 to 3.45mg/kg Fe; 0.21 to 3.54mg/kg Ni; 0.25 to 4.56mg/kg Pb; 0.87 to 8.34mg/kg Zn; 0.34 to 5.44mg/kg Cd and 0.21 to 3.22mg/kg Cu. These valueswere higher than those recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the WHO/EU joint limits. The high levels of these heavy metals place the consumers of these vegetable crops grown within the study area at health risk with time unless an urgent step is taken by relevant agencies to address this issue.

Research paper thumbnail of Levels of Heavy Metals in Human Hair and Nail Samples from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria

World Environment, 2012

Hair and nail samples were collected from different subjects with respect to sex, age of those wo... more Hair and nail samples were collected from different subjects with respect to sex, age of those working in iron welder workshop and liquor and non-liquor subject in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria for heavy metals determination. Sample collection and preparations were carried out using standard procedures. The levels of heavy metals (Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Co), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb)) were carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, Unicam 969). From the results of this study, Zn showed the highest concentrations while Cu showed the least levels. The results of the study showed that there was no contribution of liquor towards nail and hair metal concentrations. The levels of all the metals studied were significantly higher in the toenails compared to fingernails samples (p<0.05). Similarly, iron welding workers showed high concentrations of heavy metals when compared to liquor user. The levels of all the metals studied were statistically higher in male subjects compared to female subjects (p<0.05). The concentrations of heavy metals in nail samples were significantly higher when compared to hair samples. Significant levels of these metals in nail and hair samples indicate the presence of these metals in the environment and the workplace of the subjects. Since the present study reveals high levels of some heavy metals in hair and nail samples of iron welding worker volunteer. So there is instantaneous need for public awareness about the hazards of this occupation in order to enable these volunteer take necessary precautionary measures.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Water and Sediment Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV/visible Detector

Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques, 2014

The concentrations of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide residues in ... more The concentrations of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide residues in water and sediment samples from river Challawa were investigated using High Performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV/visible Detector. The concentrations of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues were significantly higher in the sediment samples when compared to water samples. According to the concentrations and detection frequency dieldrin and aldrin were the most dominant compounds among the organochlorine pesticide residues, while chlorpyrifos and dichlovos; permethrin and deltamethrin were the dominant compound among the organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides respectively. The result also indicates that the water and sediment samples within the study area were contaminated by dichlovos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, dieldrin, aldrin, DDT, DDE and DDDs. The results also show that there is still exists a variety of the studied pesticide in the water and sediment from river Challawa. Despite bans and restrictions on the usage of some of these pesticides in Nigeria, the observed concentrations of the studied Organochlorine and organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in the eight sample points could explain either their persistence in the environment or continued use in the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Heavy Metals in Leaf, Stem Bark of Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) and Roadside Dust in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria

Environment and Pollution, 2012

Street dust and neem tree samples (Azadirachta indica) from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Ni... more Street dust and neem tree samples (Azadirachta indica) from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria were collected for the determination of trace elements. The highest concentrations of metals were found to be higher at the seven sampling points, while the lowest levels were observed in the street dust samples from the control sites. The concentrations of all the metals in plant samples were significantly highest in the leaves of Azadirachta indica, while the stem bark shows the least values. Levels of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in plant samples exceeded the world health organization standard limits for medicinal plants. At the same time, the traffic situation in the area of study might be regarded as a source of heavy metal content in the roadside dust and plant samples.

Research paper thumbnail of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Water, Sediment, and Muscle of River Shad, Hilsa ilisha (Hamilton 1822) from the South Patches of the Bay of Bengal

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2004

... During the breeding season (wet) the River Shad migrate with the flow of freshwater effluent ... more ... During the breeding season (wet) the River Shad migrate with the flow of freshwater effluent from the inland rivers, and naturally it occurs ... In: Hutzinger О (ed) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2(B): 29-47 Das B, Khan YSA, Das P, Shaheen SM (2002) Organochloríne ...

Research paper thumbnail of Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in the water of the Pinios River, Greece

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1995

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Tannery and Textile Effluent on the Chemical Characteristics of Challawa River, Kano State, Nigeria

Australian Journal of …, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Physical and Chemical Parameters in Abattoir Wastewater Sample, Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria

Research paper thumbnail of Metals Concentrations in Tissues of Tilapia gallier, Crarias lazera and Osteoglossidae Caught from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Fish Samples from Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria

American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2008

The organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues were measured in three species of fish Tilapia zilli... more The organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues were measured in three species of fish Tilapia zilli (Red belly Tilapia), Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bonga Shad) and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Catfish). These fish species are a significant part of the diet of residents of Lagos Nigeria. The organochlorine pesticides analyzed include DDT(pp'1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl) ethane),

Research paper thumbnail of Human Health Assessment of Heavy Metals through Consumption of Vegetables from Some Agricultural Locations in Borno State, North East Nigeria

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration and conduct risk assessment of heavy met... more The aim of this study was to determine the concentration and conduct risk assessment of heavy metals in some selected vegetables (tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea onion (Allium cepa), cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) from Gongolong and Alau Dam agricultural locations. The vegetable samples were digested and analyst using Perkin-Elmer A-Analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The concentration of the studied heavy metals in the vegetables exceeded the maximum permissible limits as specify by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Results from average daily intake (ADI) were below the provisional tolerance daily intake and are safe for human consumption. Hazard quotient (HQ) values for all the metals were less than the USEPA permissible limit of 1, and does not pose any serious health risk, except Cd and As from Gongolung agricultural location which indicate potential non-cancer health risk. H...

Research paper thumbnail of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticides Residues in Water and Sediment Samples from River Benue in Vinikilang, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Equipped with Electron Capture Detector

American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2015

Water and sediment samples from ten (10) different sampling points along river Benue, in Vinikila... more Water and sediment samples from ten (10) different sampling points along river Benue, in Vinikilang, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria, were collected for the determination of organochlorine (o, p-DDE, p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT , p,p’-DDT dieldrin and aldrin), organophosphorus (dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and Malathion) and pyrethriod (cypermethrin, bifenthrin, permethrin and deltamethrin) pesticide residues. Sample collection and preparation were carried out using standard procedures. The concentrations of all the pesticides in water and sediment samples were determined using GC/MS SHIMADZU (GC-17A) equipped with electron capture detector. The concentrations of organochlorine, organophosphorus and Pyrethriod pesticide residues were significantly higher in the sediment samples than water samples. According to the concentrations and detection frequency, dieldrin and aldrin were the most dominant compounds among the organochlorine pesticide residues. The total conce...

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Some Elements in Different Parts of Solanum Macrocarpum Linn, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

The leaf, fruit, stem and root of Solanum macrocarpum Linn plant was collected from Alau in Kondu... more The leaf, fruit, stem and root of Solanum macrocarpum Linn plant was collected from Alau in Konduga Local Government Area, Borno State between October and November, 2007 and were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of S, Ca, K and Na were the most abundant elements present in Solanum macrocarpum Linn samples than other elements. The levels of all the elements were highest in the leaf and fruit, while stem and root shows the least concentrations. From the result of this study, the levels of all the elements present in the analyzed sample are low to cause any kind of toxic effect.

Research paper thumbnail of Heavy metals in sediments from River Ngada, Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria

The objective of this research was to determine the degree of heavy metal contamination in River ... more The objective of this research was to determine the degree of heavy metal contamination in River Ngada and the extent to which the sediment quality of the river had deteriorated. In this study, metals such as Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cr, Cd As, Ni and Pb in the sediments were determined using Perkin-Elmer Analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The extent of sediment quality deterioration was observed in all the sampling points to be higher with respect to all the metals studied. The levels of the above metals increased with an increase in distance from point S1 to S8. The metals also increased with increasing sediment depth, indicating age-long accumulation of heavy metals from anthropogenic sources. The study revealed that the levels of all the metals studied were higher than the WHO’s standard sediment guideline limits. If this trend is allowed to continue unabated, it is most likely that the food web in this study environment might be at highest risk of induced heavy met...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of the chemical constituents and in-vitro antibacterial efficacies of the extracts of Croton zambesicus Muell ARG. stem-bark

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2010

The stem bark of Croton zambesicus was extracted using soxlet apparatus with petroleum ether, eth... more The stem bark of Croton zambesicus was extracted using soxlet apparatus with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water respectively. The extracts were screened for chemical components. The results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoides, terpenes/steroids and alkaloids. In vitro antimicrobial study of the extracts revealed strong broad spectrum activity, especially for methanol extract. This is evident from the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test results in which the methanol extract had MIC and MBC of 1.560 mg on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by ethyl acetate extract with MIC value of 3.125 mg and 6.25 mg for MBC on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Petroleum ether extract showed the highest activity on Shigella dysenteriae, S. aureus and E. coli with MIC value 25 mg and 50 mg for MBC while the aqueous extract did not show activity at all. The result of this study provide more basis and credence for the use of this plant in the treatment of ailments whose causative agents are some of the pathogenic microbes used in this study, and thus suggest the possible usefulness of C. zambesicus in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Roadside Soils from Some Major Roads in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Nuclear Science, 2019

Heavy metal concentration in road side soils with its potential ecological effects draws much att... more Heavy metal concentration in road side soils with its potential ecological effects draws much attention in the developing countries. This necessitates the study of their accumulation in the road side soils of Maiduguri (longitude 11° 13' N; latitude 13° 05' E), to ensure effective protection of soil from the potential loss of its fertility. In this study, roadside soil samples from major roads (Baga road, Bama road, Ngala road and Kano/Jos road) of Maiduguri were collected and determined the levels of heavy metals (As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu) in the roadside soil using the Perkin-Elmer analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that in all the sampling locations, Mn, Zn, Fe and Pb have higher concentration of 137.4±0.04 mg/kg, 392.11±0.07 mg/kg, 13491.70±0.07 mg/kg and 928.50±0.04 mg/kg respectively in roadside soil as compared with Cd of concentration ranges from 0 to maximum of 0.87±0.04mg/kg in Ngala road. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the soil samples were higher than the recommended value of 48 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg respectively. The higher concentration of these metals in the roadside soil samples may be attributed to human activities and traffic volume. Therefore, there is need to further study the concentrations of such heavy metals in agricultural soil, plants and vegetables grown in that area, animals that fed on the plants and any other source that directly or indirectly link to the source of food of the populace.

Research paper thumbnail of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Sample from Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe State, Nigeria

Chemical Science International Journal, 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of PAHs in water samples from Dad... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of PAHs in water samples from Dadin Kowa Dam, Nigeria and to evaluate the risk associated with the ingestion of the water from the Dam. The concentrations of PAHs varied with the sample site and season; and the levels of PAHs at all site are found to be significantly below the maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) of 0.005 to 3.0 mg/l. The carcinogenic risks were higher than 10−6 threshold values, and the water from Dadin Kowa Dam is considered to pose significant health effects to children and adult. However, the carcinogenicity risks rating decrease in the order of children > adult. The study further demonstrated that Dadin Kowa Dam requires a substantial PAHs pollution control program.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between Mean Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Male and Female Quelea Birds (Quelea quelea) in Gyawana Ecosystem, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2018

Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust, and they enter into the biosphere both ... more Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust, and they enter into the biosphere both naturally and as a result of human activities. This study was carried out mainly to compare by sex the concentrations of heavy metals in the Quelea birds (Quelea quelea) in Gyawana Ecosystem, Adamawa State, Nigeria, for a period of twelve months (December 2015 to November, 2016). Quelea birds (Quelea quelea), were collected once every first week of a month from various locations. A total of four hundred and eighty (480) male and female birds were captured in the wild. Their blood and organs were collected by sex. Their liver, flesh and brain which were dried at 105 o C

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Heavy Metals in Blood, Urine and Water Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer and Fluoride Using Ion-Selective Electrode

Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques, 2014

This study was conducted in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State, Nigeria. The levels of fluoride,... more This study was conducted in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State, Nigeria. The levels of fluoride, cadmium, arsenic, lead and nickel were determined in sachet, tap and ground water. The levels of fluoride and some heavy metals were also determined in blood and urine samples with respect to age groups. The sample collection and preparation were carried out using standard procedures. The concentrations of the heavy metals were determined by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICPAES), while fluoride was determined Potentiometrically Using Ion-Selective Electrode. The results of this study showed that the concentration of fluoride was highest in male subject with a value of 1.65 mg/l within the age group of 51-60, while the lowest concentration of 0.02 mg/l was observed in female subject within the age group of 1-10. The concentrations of the metals studied in blood samples from male subject were significantly higher than in the female subject. The concentrations of these metals were significantly higher at an age group of 51-60, while the age group 1-10 showed the lowest concentrations. It was also observed that the concentration of fluoride in urine samples from male subject increased significantly with increase in age (P<0.05). The concentration of fluoride in borehole water from Gamboru, Bolori, Mairi and Gwange ward ranged between 0.02 mg/l and 0.01 mg/l, 0.04 mg/l and 0.11 mg/l Ni, 0.05 mg/l and 0.07 mg/l Cd, while for tap water the concentration of fluoride ranged from (0.034 to 0.73 mg/l), (0.026 to 0.54 mg/l)As, (0.15 to 0.24 mg/l)Pb, (0.08 to 0.22 mg/l)Ni, and (0.12 to 0.31 mg/l)Cd. Similarly for sachet water (Hauwa, Madube, Mustapha and Rahama waters) the concentration of fluoride ranged between 0.01 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l, 0.01 mg/l and 0.03 mg/l As, 0.001 mg/l to 0.05 mg/lPb, 0.01 mg/l and 0.0007 mg/l Ni, 0.01 mg/l to 0.05 mg/l Cd. The highest concentration of Cd in borehole water was observed in Mairi, while the lowest concentration of F was in Gamboru. Similarly, the concentration of F in tap water was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Bolori, while Ni showed the lowest concentration in Gamboru. From the above results, the concentrations of all the metals in the water samples were lower than those of the blood and urine samples, this is possible because; metals can be accumulated and concentrated in human bodies. Hence, it may be concluded that the water samples consumed by these inhabitants might not be responsible for the presence of these studied metal in the blood and urine samples.

Research paper thumbnail of Some Organic Content and Effects of Administered Dusts on Haematological Parameters in Apparently Healthy Goats

International Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria

International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2013

The concentrations of some heavy metals and anions were determined in vegetable samples (spinach ... more The concentrations of some heavy metals and anions were determined in vegetable samples (spinach (Amaranth caudatus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), Cabbage (Brassica olemcea) and Onion (Allium cepa) which were freshly harvested within four agricultural locations(Mirnga, Zira, Wangaga and Malang) in Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Metal concentrations in the vegetable samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), while anions were determined by Smart spectrophotometer (model 2000). The results for vegetable samples showed that leaves contained much higher concentrations of heavy metals and anions than roots and stems.The concentrations of Cr detected in the vegetable samples ranged from 0.23 to 3.22mg/kg; 0.23 to 3.43mg/kg Mn; 0.23 to 3.45mg/kg Fe; 0.21 to 3.54mg/kg Ni; 0.25 to 4.56mg/kg Pb; 0.87 to 8.34mg/kg Zn; 0.34 to 5.44mg/kg Cd and 0.21 to 3.22mg/kg Cu. These valueswere higher than those recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the WHO/EU joint limits. The high levels of these heavy metals place the consumers of these vegetable crops grown within the study area at health risk with time unless an urgent step is taken by relevant agencies to address this issue.

Research paper thumbnail of Levels of Heavy Metals in Human Hair and Nail Samples from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria

World Environment, 2012

Hair and nail samples were collected from different subjects with respect to sex, age of those wo... more Hair and nail samples were collected from different subjects with respect to sex, age of those working in iron welder workshop and liquor and non-liquor subject in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria for heavy metals determination. Sample collection and preparations were carried out using standard procedures. The levels of heavy metals (Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Co), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb)) were carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, Unicam 969). From the results of this study, Zn showed the highest concentrations while Cu showed the least levels. The results of the study showed that there was no contribution of liquor towards nail and hair metal concentrations. The levels of all the metals studied were significantly higher in the toenails compared to fingernails samples (p<0.05). Similarly, iron welding workers showed high concentrations of heavy metals when compared to liquor user. The levels of all the metals studied were statistically higher in male subjects compared to female subjects (p<0.05). The concentrations of heavy metals in nail samples were significantly higher when compared to hair samples. Significant levels of these metals in nail and hair samples indicate the presence of these metals in the environment and the workplace of the subjects. Since the present study reveals high levels of some heavy metals in hair and nail samples of iron welding worker volunteer. So there is instantaneous need for public awareness about the hazards of this occupation in order to enable these volunteer take necessary precautionary measures.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Water and Sediment Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV/visible Detector

Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques, 2014

The concentrations of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide residues in ... more The concentrations of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide residues in water and sediment samples from river Challawa were investigated using High Performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV/visible Detector. The concentrations of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues were significantly higher in the sediment samples when compared to water samples. According to the concentrations and detection frequency dieldrin and aldrin were the most dominant compounds among the organochlorine pesticide residues, while chlorpyrifos and dichlovos; permethrin and deltamethrin were the dominant compound among the organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides respectively. The result also indicates that the water and sediment samples within the study area were contaminated by dichlovos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, dieldrin, aldrin, DDT, DDE and DDDs. The results also show that there is still exists a variety of the studied pesticide in the water and sediment from river Challawa. Despite bans and restrictions on the usage of some of these pesticides in Nigeria, the observed concentrations of the studied Organochlorine and organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in the eight sample points could explain either their persistence in the environment or continued use in the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Heavy Metals in Leaf, Stem Bark of Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) and Roadside Dust in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria

Environment and Pollution, 2012

Street dust and neem tree samples (Azadirachta indica) from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Ni... more Street dust and neem tree samples (Azadirachta indica) from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria were collected for the determination of trace elements. The highest concentrations of metals were found to be higher at the seven sampling points, while the lowest levels were observed in the street dust samples from the control sites. The concentrations of all the metals in plant samples were significantly highest in the leaves of Azadirachta indica, while the stem bark shows the least values. Levels of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in plant samples exceeded the world health organization standard limits for medicinal plants. At the same time, the traffic situation in the area of study might be regarded as a source of heavy metal content in the roadside dust and plant samples.

Research paper thumbnail of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Water, Sediment, and Muscle of River Shad, Hilsa ilisha (Hamilton 1822) from the South Patches of the Bay of Bengal

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2004

... During the breeding season (wet) the River Shad migrate with the flow of freshwater effluent ... more ... During the breeding season (wet) the River Shad migrate with the flow of freshwater effluent from the inland rivers, and naturally it occurs ... In: Hutzinger О (ed) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2(B): 29-47 Das B, Khan YSA, Das P, Shaheen SM (2002) Organochloríne ...

Research paper thumbnail of Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in the water of the Pinios River, Greece

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1995

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Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Tannery and Textile Effluent on the Chemical Characteristics of Challawa River, Kano State, Nigeria

Australian Journal of …, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Physical and Chemical Parameters in Abattoir Wastewater Sample, Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria

Research paper thumbnail of Metals Concentrations in Tissues of Tilapia gallier, Crarias lazera and Osteoglossidae Caught from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Fish Samples from Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria

American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2008

The organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues were measured in three species of fish Tilapia zilli... more The organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues were measured in three species of fish Tilapia zilli (Red belly Tilapia), Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bonga Shad) and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Catfish). These fish species are a significant part of the diet of residents of Lagos Nigeria. The organochlorine pesticides analyzed include DDT(pp'1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl) ethane),