Journal of Characterization - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Journal of Characterization
Journal of Characterization, 2022
This study is about the analysis of scratch, cleanability, and color difference-which is visually... more This study is about the analysis of scratch, cleanability, and color difference-which is visually distinguishable in the same batch-problems in the mass production of partial matt and partial shiny glass. In the production process of partial matt glass, the cut glasses are firstly screen printed with acid-resistant paint to prevent frosted surfaces in the unwanted areas. Then, the printed glasses go through the acid fall, and all the surfaces of the glasses are covered with acid. After the washing and drying processes, the glass matting process is completed. Afterward, glasses proceed with standard tempered glass processes such as grinding, drilling, screen printing with enamel paint, and tempering. The printing with enamel paint is done on the glass's reverse side, which is not etched with acid. However, it is realized that the appearance of the glasses differentiates in the progress of time in mass production. On the other hand, some glasses cannot pass the scratch and the cleanability tests. When the glasses are wiped with a dry cloth, the scratch marks are not completely erased, and the particles of the cloth remain on the surface. To improve product quality and standardize the production circumstances, experiments are designed, the surface roughness, gloss, and transmittance values are gathered and statistical analyzes are done. As a result of statistical analysis is observed that the density of acid in the acid-fall tank is decreasing over time. Therefore, it is understood that the opaqueness of the matt surface is decreasing, and this decrease causes an increase in the gloss value of the matt surface. The increase in the gloss value causes a visual difference in the appearance of the enamel printed areas. Also, it is understood-thanks to regression analysis-that conveyor 4's velocity and the flow rate of the acid-fall cause the scratch and the cleanability problems. According to statistical and experimental results, the inputs have not affected matt glass's transmittance, haze, clarity, and roughness values. Whereas the gloss value of glass is highly related to the inputs. At the end of this study, the optimized gloss value of the product was determined as a minimum of 4.3, max of 5.9 GU.
Mehmet Behlül Kayalı1 , Duygu Candar2 , Oğuz Caner Candoğan3 , Elif Ubay4 , Yusuf Karaca5*, 2022
Recently, there has been an increase in industrial waste materials in parallel with the developme... more Recently, there has been an increase in industrial waste materials in parallel with the development of industrial
establishments and the increase in population. Therefore, the minimization of wastes and their use as alternative
raw materials have become mandatory. Ceramic and porcelain tile factories are among the industrial sectors with
the highest volume of production. There are 30-40% clay, 10-15% quartz, 40-45% feldspar in the composition of
ceramic tiles. In this study, the use of marble wastes supplied from a company in Bilecik Organized Industrial
Zone in the porcelain tile body and its effect on the porcelain tile properties were investigated. In place of the
different raw materials in the standard body recipes used in porcelain tile production, new recipes were created by
adding marble waste at different rates and porcelain tile samples were prepared. The physical and mechanical tests
of the prepared samples were carried out and the results were compared with the standard sample. As a result of
the study, it has been understood that within the scope of industrial symbiosis, marble wastes can be used within
the body of porcelain tile without destroying the desired properties, or it can be evaluated as an alternative raw
material.
Recently, there has been an increase in industrial waste materials in parallel with the developme... more Recently, there has been an increase in industrial waste materials in parallel with the development of industrial
establishments and the increase in population. Therefore, the minimization of wastes and their use as alternative
raw materials have become mandatory. Ceramic and porcelain tile factories are among the industrial sectors with
the highest volume of production. There are 30-40% clay, 10-15% quartz, 40-45% feldspar in the composition of
ceramic tiles. In this study, the use of marble wastes supplied from a company in Bilecik Organized Industrial
Zone in the porcelain tile body and its effect on the porcelain tile properties were investigated. In place of the
different raw materials in the standard body recipes used in porcelain tile production, new recipes were created by
adding marble waste at different rates and porcelain tile samples were prepared. The physical and mechanical tests
of the prepared samples were carried out and the results were compared with the standard sample. As a result of
the study, it has been understood that within the scope of industrial symbiosis, marble wastes can be used within
the body of porcelain tile without destroying the desired properties, or it can be evaluated as an alternative raw
material.
Food analysis methods are carried out in two ways: classical methods and instrumental methods. Wh... more Food analysis methods are carried out in two ways: classical methods and instrumental methods. While general analyzes can be made in which more dominant components can be determined in terms of quantity in classical methods, it is possible to perform detailed analyzes in which more specific components can be determined precisely in instrumental analyzes. This distinction also comes to the fore in oil technology, and comprehensive analyzes can be made to obtain important data in terms of oil technology with various devices used. These devices are based on transmitting signals to detectors by utilizing the properties of food components such as beam absorption, beam refraction, beam rotation, electric potential, mass/charge ratio by spectroscopic, chromatographic, thermochemical and electrochemical methods, and then presenting data by passing through the signal processor. In this review, information about instrumental analysis techniques, which are frequently used in oil technology, is...
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
The thermomechanical rolling process is of great importance in obtaining mechanical properties de... more The thermomechanical rolling process is of great importance in obtaining mechanical properties depending on the area of use of the product. It is a frequently used rolling method in order to obtain high strength, hardness, and toughness value in low carbon and micro-alloy steels. With the thermomechanical rolling process, it tries to change the microstructure by performing both mechanical processing and thermal treatment on the coil. In this study, mechanical properties and microstructure changes after thermomechanical rolling in niobium and titanium alloy steels were investigated.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
Gazlı amort(sörler, b(rçok uygulamada yük ve ağırlık (ht(va eden kapakları eş kuvvet (le dengelem... more Gazlı amort(sörler, b(rçok uygulamada yük ve ağırlık (ht(va eden kapakları eş kuvvet (le dengelemek ve kullanım alanında hız kontrolü sağlamak, damperlemek hatta yükü kaldırmak g(b(roller oynamaktadırlar. En b(l(nenler(; arabaların bagaj ve motor kapakları, mob(lya kapakları, mak(na kapakları, amel(yat masaları, çeş(tl(endüstr(yel uygulamalar, vb.'d(r. Çalışma ömrünü bel(rleyen sızdırmazlığı sağlayan elemanlar üzer(ndek(tr(boloj(k mekan(zmada sürtünme ve aşınma rol oynamaktadır. M(l malzemes((le sızdırmazlık elemanı arasındak(olaylar d(z(s(nde m(l malzemes(n(n yüzey pürüzlülüğü, sızdırmazlık parçası olan keçe ve O-r(ngler(n malzeme özell(kler(etkend(r. M(l malzemes(n(n pürüzlülüğünü (y(leşt(rmek ve aşınmaya karşı d(renc(n(arttırmak (ç(n farklı prosesler (le yüzey özell(kler((y(leşt(r(leb(lmekted(r. Bu çalışmada, aynı çaplarda ve aynı özell(klerde hazırlanmış olan gazlı amort(sörlerde n(trürasyon uygulanmış C35, krom kaplanmış C45 ve krom kaplanmış SS316 olmak üzere 3 farklı m(l(n ve farklı özell(klerdek(keçeler(n amort(sör ömrüne olan etk(s(tr(boloj(k olarak araştırılmıştır. Yapılan testlerde yüzey pürüzlülükler(, sertl(kler(, aşınma d(rençler(, sürtünme kuvvetler(, ömür testler(ndek(gaz kayıpları ölçülmüş ve yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak en (y(amort(sör ömrüne, düşük pürüzlülüktek(m(l ve PU keçe (le ulaşılmıştır.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2022
This study was aimed at preparation and comparison of the physiochemical properties of a locally ... more This study was aimed at preparation and comparison of the physiochemical properties of a locally prepared microcrystalline cellulose obtained from dried stem pulp chips of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) coded SO-MCC and compared with a commercial grade (Avicel PH 102). SO-MCC was prepared from-cellulose derived by alkaline hydrolysis from dried sugarcane stem chips, bleached with sodium hypochlorite and treated with 2.5N hydrochloric acid. The MCC were identified by BP (2009) method. The comparative physicochemical properties evaluated include: DSC, pH, mean particles diameter, true, bulk and tapped densities, angle of repose, Hausner's quotient, compressibility index, porosity, hydration, swelling and moisture sorption capacities. The results obtained from these tests are: pH (7.5), mean particle diameter (239), true, bulk and tapped densities (1.54, 0.464, 0.617), angle of repose (34.70), Hausner's quotient (1.32), C.I (25.00), porosity (70.00), hydration, swelling and moisture sorption capacities (4.00, 47.16, 21.30). The DSC showed a sharp peak at 730C which depicts high purity. Both MCCs showed the same organoleptic properties, similar DSC and also had poor flowability. Overall, the results indicated that SO-MCC compared favourably with commercial grade Avicel PH 102 in terms of its physicochemical properties and complied with British Pharmacopoeia specifications for microcrystalline cellulose.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2022
Silisyum nitrür seramikler, sitotoksik olmamaları, yüksek kırılma tokluğu, yüksek aşınma direnci ... more Silisyum nitrür seramikler, sitotoksik olmamaları, yüksek kırılma tokluğu, yüksek aşınma direnci ve düşük sürünme katsayısı gibi üstün özellikler sergilemeleri, uzun ömürlü olmaları nedeniyle biyo uygulamalarda gün geçtikçe daha fazla kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında organik bazlı Si3N4 süspansiyonları hazırlanarak fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş biyomalzeme üretimi için şerit döküm yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ana hammadde olan Si3N4 ve solvent, bağlayıcı, plastikleştirici, sinterleme katkısı, gözenek yapıcı (grafit tozu) gibi diğer hammaddeler XRD, SEM ve tane boyutu ölçümleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Hazırlanan süspansiyonların zeta potansiyeli ve reolojik özellikleri belirlenmiş, optimum koşullarda şerit döküm işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kurutulan ham şeritler belirlenen boyutlarda kesilerek 4 farklı gözenek oranında, her katman 5 şerit olacak şekilde, lamine edilmiş ve farklı basınçlarda (1000-1500-2000-2500 bar) soğuk izostatik presleme (CIP) yöntemi ile preslenmiştir. Şekillendirilen parçalar bağlayıcı giderme işlemi ardından hava ortamında 1500 °C'de sinterlenmiştir. SEM analizleri ile şeritler arasındaki bağlanma, grafitin gözenek oluşumuna etkisi, gözenek yapısı ve dağılımı, sinterlenmenin gelişimi belirlenmiş ve en iyi sonuçlar 2500 bar ile preslenen numunede alınmıştır. XRD analizleri 1500 °C'de ana fazın nierit olduğunu göstermiştir.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
Calc6um phosphate coat6ngs are coated on metall6c 6mplants by d6fferent methods l6ke plasma spray... more Calc6um phosphate coat6ngs are coated on metall6c 6mplants by d6fferent methods l6ke plasma spray, solgel, electrolyt6c, b6om6met6c, etc. Because they have b6ocompat6ble propert6es that can able to bond to the bone. There are many calc6um phosphates that have d6fferent Ca/P rat6os. Tr6calc6um phosphate (TCP), tetracalc6um phosphate (TTCP), d6calc6um phosphate d6hydrate (DCPD) and hydroxyapat6te (HA) are the most common calc6um phosphate compounds. In th6s study, calc6um phosphate-based b6oceram6c powders w6th d6fferent compos6t6ons (DCPD, TCP, HA and TTCP) were produced by the sol-gel method. Part6cle s6ze, scann6ng electron m6croscopy (SEM-EDX) analyzes were performed on the synthes6zed powders. They were coated on the t6tan6um surface by the Plasma spray method. After coat6ng layers were character6zed by SEM-EDX, m6crohardness tests and th6ckness of layers were measured.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
Tersine mühendislik, bir parçanın üretim sürecini geriye doğru gerçekleştirme işlemidir. Tersine ... more Tersine mühendislik, bir parçanın üretim sürecini geriye doğru gerçekleştirme işlemidir. Tersine mühendisliğin amacı, mevcut bir bilgisayar destekli tasarım (BDT) modeli olmadan, üç boyutlu (3B) model oluşturmaktır. Tersine mühendislik, üreticinin herhangi bir ürünle ilgili eksik dokümantasyona sahip olduğu durumlarda başvurduğu bir süreçtir. Mevcut bir üründen, BDT modelinin elde edilmesi için gerekli bir aşamadır. Bu çalışmada tersine mühendislik aşamaları anlatılmış ve makine mühendisliği alanındaki uygulamalarından bahsedilmiştir. Literatürdeki çalışmalar incelenmiş ve bu alandaki çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Bu alanda sıklıkla karşılaşılan birkaç tersine mühendislik işlemi ile ilgili detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmada genel olarak tersine mühendislik sürecinin anlaşılması hedeflenmiş ve özellikle makine mühendisliği alanında, hangi durumlarda tersine mühendislik işlemine başvurulduğunun tespiti üzerinde durulmuştur. Böylece tersine mühendislik sürecinin makine sektöründe oldukça pratik ve verimli bir seçenek olduğu vurgulanmıştır.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça farklı yüzdelerde (%5-10-20-30) cam fiber içeren poli(metil metakrilat) (... more Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça farklı yüzdelerde (%5-10-20-30) cam fiber içeren poli(metil metakrilat) (PMMA) matrisli kompozitlerin mekanik ve aşınma direnci özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Üretimde çift vidalı bir ekstrüder kullanılarak ergiyik harmanlama yöntemi tercih edilmiş olup, test numunelerinin üretiminde ise enjeksiyon kalıplamadan faydalanılmıştır. Kompozitlerin mekanik özellikleri 3-nokta eğme ve Shore D sertlik ölçümleri ile, aşınma özellikleri ise özel üretim bir ball-on-disk kuru kayma aşınma test cihazı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Benzer şartlarda şekillendirilen saf PMMA da aynı testlerde kontrol numunesi olarak kullanılmış ve cam fiber konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak bahsedilen testlerin sonuçları yorumlanmıştır. En yüksek eğme gerilmesi ve elastiklik modülü değerlerine (sırasıyla 121 MPa ve 7354 MPa) %30 cam fiber içeren PM30 numunesi ile ulaşılmıştır. Benzer şekilde, yüksek sertlik, düşük sürtünme ve düşük aşınma oranı gibi özellikler %20 ve %30 cam fiber içeren kompozitlerde gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, cam fiber içeriğindeki artışın kompozit rijitliğini arttırması ayrıca yorulma aşınması direncinin de iyileştirmesi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2022
Safety conditions and lifetime extension of a Nuclear Facility (NF) are fundamental and a deep kn... more Safety conditions and lifetime extension of a Nuclear Facility (NF) are fundamental and a deep knowledge of ageing and creep processes linked with the involved materials and parts is essential to guarantee high levels of reliability and to face severe natural and plant-centred incidences. The analyses classically used in this case, involving non-destructive techniques (NDT) and in-service inspections required by the norms, can present a lack of information. The data acquired, consequently, need to be complemented. Decommissioning of NFs is an important chance to get materials and parts submitted for various years to ageing and degradation, consenting novel diagnostic activities beneficial to suggest eventual additional measures related to the installation of new components or in planning a postponed decommissioning, to increase safety and dependability. Neutron beam techniques (NBT) can be helpful to characterise, in a non-destructive and non-invasive way, materials and parts of nuclear/traditional interest. Positive recommendations exist to exploit neutron methods for reactor materials' control. In this paper, ageing processes occurring in the NFs sector are briefly introduced and the main neutron techniques are briefly described. Some examples of applications, then are presented. The results obtained by neutron analyses, linked with information on nature and features of materials' damages, assist to comprehend the trends of fracture and to evaluate a latent picture of preliminary degradation processes leading to any fast crash of material, including inoperability periods before the decommissioning activities.
Journal of Characterization, 2023
Sanayi tesisleri, araçlardaki egzoz emisyonu, temizlik malzemeleri gibi alanlardan kaynaklanan sı... more Sanayi tesisleri, araçlardaki egzoz emisyonu, temizlik malzemeleri gibi alanlardan kaynaklanan sıvı veya gaz, su, hava ve doğal ürünleri kirleten organik veya inorganik kirleticilerin giderilmesine yönelik adsorban geliştirme çalışmaları son yıllarda önemini sürdürerek devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, küresel polimerik aktif karbon (PAK) sentezi ve PAK'ın grafitizayonu ile elde edilen küresel grafitik karbon (GPAK) üretim çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Başlangıçta süspansiyon polimerizasyonu yöntemiyle polimerik kürecikler sentezlenmiş, sonra 700 °C'ye kadar karbonize edilmiş ve son olarak 830 °C'de su buharı ile aktive edilerek küresel PAK üretimi yapılmıştır. Bu yöntemle üretilen PAK'ın BET cihazı ile yüzey alanı ve ortalama gözenek çapı ölçüldüğünde sırasıyla 1929,6565 m 2 /g ve 34,054 Å olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PAK'ın SEM ve RAMAN spektroskopisi ile analizleri yapılmıştır. Tüm bu karakterizasyon çalışmaları sonucunda, PAK'ın küresel yapılı ve homojen mikromezo gözenek dağılımına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PAK'tan 1750°C'de 6 saatte ve 10 L/dk Argon akış hızında, inert atmosferik basınç ve inert 20 mbar vakum altında grafitizasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Buna göre vakum altında üretilen GPAK2'nin yüzey alanının (1237,2094 m 2 /g), atmosferik ortamda yapılan GPAK1'in yüzey alanına (1787,1851 m 2 /g) göre daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. 1750 °C'de inert 20 mbar vakum atmosferinde ve 6 saat grafitizasyon süresinin 10 saate çıkarılması ile beraber yüzey alanının 1231,2380 m 2 /g'a düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca aynı ürünlerin SEM ve Raman karakterizasyon sonuçlarına göre de GPAK3 ürününün morfolojik olarak homojen dağılıma sahip olduğu ve G bandı genişliği ve yüksekliğine göre daha yüksek grafitizasyona uğradığı tespit edilmiştir.
Journal of Characterization, 2023
CdSe and CdS thin films, one of the II-VI group semiconductor compounds, were successfully grown ... more CdSe and CdS thin films, one of the II-VI group semiconductor compounds, were successfully grown by electrochemical deposition method using low concentrations of precursor solutions. Optical properties of the fabricated thin films were investigated in the 300-850 nm wavelength range. The absorption coefficients of CdSe and CdS thin films were found to be as 5.8 x 10 5 m-1 and 8.9 x 10 6 m-1 , respectively, and direct energy band gaps these thin films were determined 2.72 eV and 2.75 eV. While the average transmission value of the CdSe was 85%, that of the CdS was 8%. Additionally, extinction coefficient values of the CdSe and CdS thin films were defined as 0.033 and 0.51, respectively and refractive index values of these were determined as 1.14 and 1.35. Besides, optical dielectric constants of thin films were examined. While the real dielectric constant, imaginary dielectric constant, dielectric loss and optical conductivity values of the CdSe were 1.24, 0.05, 0.004 and 1.38x10 14 , those of CdS thin film were 1.51, 0.94, 0.64 and 2.49x10 15 .
Journal of Characterization, 2023
In this work, the optical properties of electrochemically deposited ZnCuO and CdCuO metal oxide c... more In this work, the optical properties of electrochemically deposited ZnCuO and CdCuO metal oxide composite semiconductors were investigated in the 300-850 nm wavelength range using UV-vis spectroscopy. The highest transmission (T%) value of the ZnCuO was 20%, while that of CdCuO was approximately 82%. The average reflectance values of ZnCuO and CdCuO were 8.14% and 3.8%, respectively. The maximum absorption coefficient, energy band gap, average extinction coefficient, average refractive index, average real dielectric constant, average imaginary dielectric constant, average dielectric loss and maximum optical conductivity values of ZnCuO composite thin film were 8 x 10
Journal of Characterization, 2023
Alüminyum matrisli kompozit malzemeler havacılık, otomotiv ve uzay gibi çok geniş bir alanda kull... more Alüminyum matrisli kompozit malzemeler havacılık, otomotiv ve uzay gibi çok geniş bir alanda kullanılmaktadır. Gelişmiş özelliklere sahip Alüminyum matrisli kompozit malzemelere artan talepler alüminyum içerikli malzemelerin geri dönüşümünün öneminin artmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada, atık içecek kutularının geri dönüştürülmesi suretiyle kompozit malzemede kullanılması düşünülen alüminyum matris malzemesi üretilmiştir. Atık alüminyumdan elde edilen saf malzemeye ağırlıkça %0.5, %1 ve %1.5 oranlarında 78nm boyutunda alümina (Al2O3) nano partikülleri ilave edilerek karıştırmalı döküm yöntemi ile metal matrisli nano kompozit üretimi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen kompozitler üzerinde çekme testi, üç nokta eğme testi ve Arşimed yoğunluk testi yapılarak üretilen nano kompozit malzemelerin mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Kompozite eklenen alüminanın ağırlıkça yüzdesinin artmasıyla kopma gerilmesi 119.55 N/mm 2 'den 143.56 N/ mm 2 'ye, eğilme gerilmesi 287.82 N/mm 2 'den 336.27 N/mm 2 'ye yükselmiş ve en yüksek kopma ve eğilme gerilmesi değerleri ağırlıkça %1.5 oranında elde edilmiştir. Yapılan mikroyapı analizi sonucunda, alümina nano partiküllerin kompozit yapı içerisinde homojen olarak dağıldığı gözlenmiştir.
Journal of Characterization, 2023
Boron wastes occur during the processing of boron minerals in our country. Boron residues have at... more Boron wastes occur during the processing of boron minerals in our country. Boron residues have attracted the attention of researchers for years. In this study, it includes shaping and sintering the samples obtained by mixing boron wastes with another waste, fly ash, in different proportions. The tests applied to the building materials were applied to the sintered samples. As a result of the study on the evaluation of these wastes, which pose a major environmental problem, a building material with low water absorption and porosity and high bulk density was obtained.
Journal of Characterization, 2022
The sintering process is to bring the powdered iron ores to the desired particle size, strength a... more The sintering process is to bring the powdered iron ores to the desired particle size, strength and gas permeability for the blast furnace. During sintering, important events such as bonding between particles, size change and coarsening of the microstructure take place. Reduction Under Load (RUL) test is performed to determine the metallurgical properties of the sinter sample. Statistical process control techniques are used for iron and steel plants in which data are measured for certain periods to increase physical, chemical and reducibility properties of sinter production. Thus, when some important advantages are provided in terms of control and applicability. In this study, static and dynamic test low temperature reduction disintegration and reduction under load of the samples taken out regularly from sinter samples were investigated to determine capability of the process. For each parameter, X-R control charts using moving range method were drawn. Thereby, deviations of lower and upper limit values were determined It was concluded that the amount and grade of raw ore in the sinter blend should be fixed by using appropriate amounts.
Bipolar plates play a vital role in the gas flow and the mechanical stability of the PEM fuel cel... more Bipolar plates play a vital role in the gas flow and the mechanical stability of the PEM fuel cell device with their high mechanical strength and machinability properties. Although metallic bipolar plates have advantages, most metallic bipolar plates lack chemical stability. For that reason, to produce low-cost metallic bipolar plates, a protective coating must be applied to the surface of the metallic bipolar plates. In this study, Ni-Co-Sn based thin film coatings were deposited by electrodeposition technique onto SS316 foils for the PEM fuel cell bipolar plates. A simple sulfate-based electrolyte was used for the electrodeposition of the Ni-Co-Sn layers as a function of applied direct current density. The electrochemical reduction mechanism of the system was studied with cyclic voltammetry. The structural characterization, the morphological characterization, the composition analyses, the hardness, and the electrochemical behavior of the coatings were investigated.
Journal of Characterization, 2022
Bipolar plates play a vital role in the gas flow and the mechanical stability of the PEM fuel cel... more Bipolar plates play a vital role in the gas flow and the mechanical stability of the PEM fuel cell device with their high mechanical strength and machinability properties. Although metallic bipolar plates have advantages, most metallic bipolar plates lack chemical stability. For that reason, to produce low-cost metallic bipolar plates, a protective coating must be applied to the surface of the metallic bipolar plates. In this study, Ni-Co-Sn based thin film coatings were deposited by electrodeposition technique onto SS316 foils for the PEM fuel cell bipolar plates. A simple sulfate-based electrolyte was used for the electrodeposition of the Ni-Co-Sn layers as a function of applied direct current density. The electrochemical reduction mechanism of the system was studied with cyclic voltammetry. The structural characterization, the morphological characterization, the composition analyses, the hardness, and the electrochemical behavior of the coatings were investigated.
Journal of Characterization, 2022
This study is about the analysis of scratch, cleanability, and color difference-which is visually... more This study is about the analysis of scratch, cleanability, and color difference-which is visually distinguishable in the same batch-problems in the mass production of partial matt and partial shiny glass. In the production process of partial matt glass, the cut glasses are firstly screen printed with acid-resistant paint to prevent frosted surfaces in the unwanted areas. Then, the printed glasses go through the acid fall, and all the surfaces of the glasses are covered with acid. After the washing and drying processes, the glass matting process is completed. Afterward, glasses proceed with standard tempered glass processes such as grinding, drilling, screen printing with enamel paint, and tempering. The printing with enamel paint is done on the glass's reverse side, which is not etched with acid. However, it is realized that the appearance of the glasses differentiates in the progress of time in mass production. On the other hand, some glasses cannot pass the scratch and the cleanability tests. When the glasses are wiped with a dry cloth, the scratch marks are not completely erased, and the particles of the cloth remain on the surface. To improve product quality and standardize the production circumstances, experiments are designed, the surface roughness, gloss, and transmittance values are gathered and statistical analyzes are done. As a result of statistical analysis is observed that the density of acid in the acid-fall tank is decreasing over time. Therefore, it is understood that the opaqueness of the matt surface is decreasing, and this decrease causes an increase in the gloss value of the matt surface. The increase in the gloss value causes a visual difference in the appearance of the enamel printed areas. Also, it is understood-thanks to regression analysis-that conveyor 4's velocity and the flow rate of the acid-fall cause the scratch and the cleanability problems. According to statistical and experimental results, the inputs have not affected matt glass's transmittance, haze, clarity, and roughness values. Whereas the gloss value of glass is highly related to the inputs. At the end of this study, the optimized gloss value of the product was determined as a minimum of 4.3, max of 5.9 GU.
Mehmet Behlül Kayalı1 , Duygu Candar2 , Oğuz Caner Candoğan3 , Elif Ubay4 , Yusuf Karaca5*, 2022
Recently, there has been an increase in industrial waste materials in parallel with the developme... more Recently, there has been an increase in industrial waste materials in parallel with the development of industrial
establishments and the increase in population. Therefore, the minimization of wastes and their use as alternative
raw materials have become mandatory. Ceramic and porcelain tile factories are among the industrial sectors with
the highest volume of production. There are 30-40% clay, 10-15% quartz, 40-45% feldspar in the composition of
ceramic tiles. In this study, the use of marble wastes supplied from a company in Bilecik Organized Industrial
Zone in the porcelain tile body and its effect on the porcelain tile properties were investigated. In place of the
different raw materials in the standard body recipes used in porcelain tile production, new recipes were created by
adding marble waste at different rates and porcelain tile samples were prepared. The physical and mechanical tests
of the prepared samples were carried out and the results were compared with the standard sample. As a result of
the study, it has been understood that within the scope of industrial symbiosis, marble wastes can be used within
the body of porcelain tile without destroying the desired properties, or it can be evaluated as an alternative raw
material.
Recently, there has been an increase in industrial waste materials in parallel with the developme... more Recently, there has been an increase in industrial waste materials in parallel with the development of industrial
establishments and the increase in population. Therefore, the minimization of wastes and their use as alternative
raw materials have become mandatory. Ceramic and porcelain tile factories are among the industrial sectors with
the highest volume of production. There are 30-40% clay, 10-15% quartz, 40-45% feldspar in the composition of
ceramic tiles. In this study, the use of marble wastes supplied from a company in Bilecik Organized Industrial
Zone in the porcelain tile body and its effect on the porcelain tile properties were investigated. In place of the
different raw materials in the standard body recipes used in porcelain tile production, new recipes were created by
adding marble waste at different rates and porcelain tile samples were prepared. The physical and mechanical tests
of the prepared samples were carried out and the results were compared with the standard sample. As a result of
the study, it has been understood that within the scope of industrial symbiosis, marble wastes can be used within
the body of porcelain tile without destroying the desired properties, or it can be evaluated as an alternative raw
material.
Food analysis methods are carried out in two ways: classical methods and instrumental methods. Wh... more Food analysis methods are carried out in two ways: classical methods and instrumental methods. While general analyzes can be made in which more dominant components can be determined in terms of quantity in classical methods, it is possible to perform detailed analyzes in which more specific components can be determined precisely in instrumental analyzes. This distinction also comes to the fore in oil technology, and comprehensive analyzes can be made to obtain important data in terms of oil technology with various devices used. These devices are based on transmitting signals to detectors by utilizing the properties of food components such as beam absorption, beam refraction, beam rotation, electric potential, mass/charge ratio by spectroscopic, chromatographic, thermochemical and electrochemical methods, and then presenting data by passing through the signal processor. In this review, information about instrumental analysis techniques, which are frequently used in oil technology, is...
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
The thermomechanical rolling process is of great importance in obtaining mechanical properties de... more The thermomechanical rolling process is of great importance in obtaining mechanical properties depending on the area of use of the product. It is a frequently used rolling method in order to obtain high strength, hardness, and toughness value in low carbon and micro-alloy steels. With the thermomechanical rolling process, it tries to change the microstructure by performing both mechanical processing and thermal treatment on the coil. In this study, mechanical properties and microstructure changes after thermomechanical rolling in niobium and titanium alloy steels were investigated.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
Gazlı amort(sörler, b(rçok uygulamada yük ve ağırlık (ht(va eden kapakları eş kuvvet (le dengelem... more Gazlı amort(sörler, b(rçok uygulamada yük ve ağırlık (ht(va eden kapakları eş kuvvet (le dengelemek ve kullanım alanında hız kontrolü sağlamak, damperlemek hatta yükü kaldırmak g(b(roller oynamaktadırlar. En b(l(nenler(; arabaların bagaj ve motor kapakları, mob(lya kapakları, mak(na kapakları, amel(yat masaları, çeş(tl(endüstr(yel uygulamalar, vb.'d(r. Çalışma ömrünü bel(rleyen sızdırmazlığı sağlayan elemanlar üzer(ndek(tr(boloj(k mekan(zmada sürtünme ve aşınma rol oynamaktadır. M(l malzemes((le sızdırmazlık elemanı arasındak(olaylar d(z(s(nde m(l malzemes(n(n yüzey pürüzlülüğü, sızdırmazlık parçası olan keçe ve O-r(ngler(n malzeme özell(kler(etkend(r. M(l malzemes(n(n pürüzlülüğünü (y(leşt(rmek ve aşınmaya karşı d(renc(n(arttırmak (ç(n farklı prosesler (le yüzey özell(kler((y(leşt(r(leb(lmekted(r. Bu çalışmada, aynı çaplarda ve aynı özell(klerde hazırlanmış olan gazlı amort(sörlerde n(trürasyon uygulanmış C35, krom kaplanmış C45 ve krom kaplanmış SS316 olmak üzere 3 farklı m(l(n ve farklı özell(klerdek(keçeler(n amort(sör ömrüne olan etk(s(tr(boloj(k olarak araştırılmıştır. Yapılan testlerde yüzey pürüzlülükler(, sertl(kler(, aşınma d(rençler(, sürtünme kuvvetler(, ömür testler(ndek(gaz kayıpları ölçülmüş ve yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak en (y(amort(sör ömrüne, düşük pürüzlülüktek(m(l ve PU keçe (le ulaşılmıştır.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2022
This study was aimed at preparation and comparison of the physiochemical properties of a locally ... more This study was aimed at preparation and comparison of the physiochemical properties of a locally prepared microcrystalline cellulose obtained from dried stem pulp chips of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) coded SO-MCC and compared with a commercial grade (Avicel PH 102). SO-MCC was prepared from-cellulose derived by alkaline hydrolysis from dried sugarcane stem chips, bleached with sodium hypochlorite and treated with 2.5N hydrochloric acid. The MCC were identified by BP (2009) method. The comparative physicochemical properties evaluated include: DSC, pH, mean particles diameter, true, bulk and tapped densities, angle of repose, Hausner's quotient, compressibility index, porosity, hydration, swelling and moisture sorption capacities. The results obtained from these tests are: pH (7.5), mean particle diameter (239), true, bulk and tapped densities (1.54, 0.464, 0.617), angle of repose (34.70), Hausner's quotient (1.32), C.I (25.00), porosity (70.00), hydration, swelling and moisture sorption capacities (4.00, 47.16, 21.30). The DSC showed a sharp peak at 730C which depicts high purity. Both MCCs showed the same organoleptic properties, similar DSC and also had poor flowability. Overall, the results indicated that SO-MCC compared favourably with commercial grade Avicel PH 102 in terms of its physicochemical properties and complied with British Pharmacopoeia specifications for microcrystalline cellulose.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2022
Silisyum nitrür seramikler, sitotoksik olmamaları, yüksek kırılma tokluğu, yüksek aşınma direnci ... more Silisyum nitrür seramikler, sitotoksik olmamaları, yüksek kırılma tokluğu, yüksek aşınma direnci ve düşük sürünme katsayısı gibi üstün özellikler sergilemeleri, uzun ömürlü olmaları nedeniyle biyo uygulamalarda gün geçtikçe daha fazla kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında organik bazlı Si3N4 süspansiyonları hazırlanarak fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş biyomalzeme üretimi için şerit döküm yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ana hammadde olan Si3N4 ve solvent, bağlayıcı, plastikleştirici, sinterleme katkısı, gözenek yapıcı (grafit tozu) gibi diğer hammaddeler XRD, SEM ve tane boyutu ölçümleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Hazırlanan süspansiyonların zeta potansiyeli ve reolojik özellikleri belirlenmiş, optimum koşullarda şerit döküm işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kurutulan ham şeritler belirlenen boyutlarda kesilerek 4 farklı gözenek oranında, her katman 5 şerit olacak şekilde, lamine edilmiş ve farklı basınçlarda (1000-1500-2000-2500 bar) soğuk izostatik presleme (CIP) yöntemi ile preslenmiştir. Şekillendirilen parçalar bağlayıcı giderme işlemi ardından hava ortamında 1500 °C'de sinterlenmiştir. SEM analizleri ile şeritler arasındaki bağlanma, grafitin gözenek oluşumuna etkisi, gözenek yapısı ve dağılımı, sinterlenmenin gelişimi belirlenmiş ve en iyi sonuçlar 2500 bar ile preslenen numunede alınmıştır. XRD analizleri 1500 °C'de ana fazın nierit olduğunu göstermiştir.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
Calc6um phosphate coat6ngs are coated on metall6c 6mplants by d6fferent methods l6ke plasma spray... more Calc6um phosphate coat6ngs are coated on metall6c 6mplants by d6fferent methods l6ke plasma spray, solgel, electrolyt6c, b6om6met6c, etc. Because they have b6ocompat6ble propert6es that can able to bond to the bone. There are many calc6um phosphates that have d6fferent Ca/P rat6os. Tr6calc6um phosphate (TCP), tetracalc6um phosphate (TTCP), d6calc6um phosphate d6hydrate (DCPD) and hydroxyapat6te (HA) are the most common calc6um phosphate compounds. In th6s study, calc6um phosphate-based b6oceram6c powders w6th d6fferent compos6t6ons (DCPD, TCP, HA and TTCP) were produced by the sol-gel method. Part6cle s6ze, scann6ng electron m6croscopy (SEM-EDX) analyzes were performed on the synthes6zed powders. They were coated on the t6tan6um surface by the Plasma spray method. After coat6ng layers were character6zed by SEM-EDX, m6crohardness tests and th6ckness of layers were measured.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
Tersine mühendislik, bir parçanın üretim sürecini geriye doğru gerçekleştirme işlemidir. Tersine ... more Tersine mühendislik, bir parçanın üretim sürecini geriye doğru gerçekleştirme işlemidir. Tersine mühendisliğin amacı, mevcut bir bilgisayar destekli tasarım (BDT) modeli olmadan, üç boyutlu (3B) model oluşturmaktır. Tersine mühendislik, üreticinin herhangi bir ürünle ilgili eksik dokümantasyona sahip olduğu durumlarda başvurduğu bir süreçtir. Mevcut bir üründen, BDT modelinin elde edilmesi için gerekli bir aşamadır. Bu çalışmada tersine mühendislik aşamaları anlatılmış ve makine mühendisliği alanındaki uygulamalarından bahsedilmiştir. Literatürdeki çalışmalar incelenmiş ve bu alandaki çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Bu alanda sıklıkla karşılaşılan birkaç tersine mühendislik işlemi ile ilgili detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmada genel olarak tersine mühendislik sürecinin anlaşılması hedeflenmiş ve özellikle makine mühendisliği alanında, hangi durumlarda tersine mühendislik işlemine başvurulduğunun tespiti üzerinde durulmuştur. Böylece tersine mühendislik sürecinin makine sektöründe oldukça pratik ve verimli bir seçenek olduğu vurgulanmıştır.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2021
Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça farklı yüzdelerde (%5-10-20-30) cam fiber içeren poli(metil metakrilat) (... more Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça farklı yüzdelerde (%5-10-20-30) cam fiber içeren poli(metil metakrilat) (PMMA) matrisli kompozitlerin mekanik ve aşınma direnci özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Üretimde çift vidalı bir ekstrüder kullanılarak ergiyik harmanlama yöntemi tercih edilmiş olup, test numunelerinin üretiminde ise enjeksiyon kalıplamadan faydalanılmıştır. Kompozitlerin mekanik özellikleri 3-nokta eğme ve Shore D sertlik ölçümleri ile, aşınma özellikleri ise özel üretim bir ball-on-disk kuru kayma aşınma test cihazı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Benzer şartlarda şekillendirilen saf PMMA da aynı testlerde kontrol numunesi olarak kullanılmış ve cam fiber konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak bahsedilen testlerin sonuçları yorumlanmıştır. En yüksek eğme gerilmesi ve elastiklik modülü değerlerine (sırasıyla 121 MPa ve 7354 MPa) %30 cam fiber içeren PM30 numunesi ile ulaşılmıştır. Benzer şekilde, yüksek sertlik, düşük sürtünme ve düşük aşınma oranı gibi özellikler %20 ve %30 cam fiber içeren kompozitlerde gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, cam fiber içeriğindeki artışın kompozit rijitliğini arttırması ayrıca yorulma aşınması direncinin de iyileştirmesi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.
JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, 2022
Safety conditions and lifetime extension of a Nuclear Facility (NF) are fundamental and a deep kn... more Safety conditions and lifetime extension of a Nuclear Facility (NF) are fundamental and a deep knowledge of ageing and creep processes linked with the involved materials and parts is essential to guarantee high levels of reliability and to face severe natural and plant-centred incidences. The analyses classically used in this case, involving non-destructive techniques (NDT) and in-service inspections required by the norms, can present a lack of information. The data acquired, consequently, need to be complemented. Decommissioning of NFs is an important chance to get materials and parts submitted for various years to ageing and degradation, consenting novel diagnostic activities beneficial to suggest eventual additional measures related to the installation of new components or in planning a postponed decommissioning, to increase safety and dependability. Neutron beam techniques (NBT) can be helpful to characterise, in a non-destructive and non-invasive way, materials and parts of nuclear/traditional interest. Positive recommendations exist to exploit neutron methods for reactor materials' control. In this paper, ageing processes occurring in the NFs sector are briefly introduced and the main neutron techniques are briefly described. Some examples of applications, then are presented. The results obtained by neutron analyses, linked with information on nature and features of materials' damages, assist to comprehend the trends of fracture and to evaluate a latent picture of preliminary degradation processes leading to any fast crash of material, including inoperability periods before the decommissioning activities.
Journal of Characterization, 2023
Sanayi tesisleri, araçlardaki egzoz emisyonu, temizlik malzemeleri gibi alanlardan kaynaklanan sı... more Sanayi tesisleri, araçlardaki egzoz emisyonu, temizlik malzemeleri gibi alanlardan kaynaklanan sıvı veya gaz, su, hava ve doğal ürünleri kirleten organik veya inorganik kirleticilerin giderilmesine yönelik adsorban geliştirme çalışmaları son yıllarda önemini sürdürerek devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, küresel polimerik aktif karbon (PAK) sentezi ve PAK'ın grafitizayonu ile elde edilen küresel grafitik karbon (GPAK) üretim çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Başlangıçta süspansiyon polimerizasyonu yöntemiyle polimerik kürecikler sentezlenmiş, sonra 700 °C'ye kadar karbonize edilmiş ve son olarak 830 °C'de su buharı ile aktive edilerek küresel PAK üretimi yapılmıştır. Bu yöntemle üretilen PAK'ın BET cihazı ile yüzey alanı ve ortalama gözenek çapı ölçüldüğünde sırasıyla 1929,6565 m 2 /g ve 34,054 Å olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PAK'ın SEM ve RAMAN spektroskopisi ile analizleri yapılmıştır. Tüm bu karakterizasyon çalışmaları sonucunda, PAK'ın küresel yapılı ve homojen mikromezo gözenek dağılımına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PAK'tan 1750°C'de 6 saatte ve 10 L/dk Argon akış hızında, inert atmosferik basınç ve inert 20 mbar vakum altında grafitizasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Buna göre vakum altında üretilen GPAK2'nin yüzey alanının (1237,2094 m 2 /g), atmosferik ortamda yapılan GPAK1'in yüzey alanına (1787,1851 m 2 /g) göre daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. 1750 °C'de inert 20 mbar vakum atmosferinde ve 6 saat grafitizasyon süresinin 10 saate çıkarılması ile beraber yüzey alanının 1231,2380 m 2 /g'a düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca aynı ürünlerin SEM ve Raman karakterizasyon sonuçlarına göre de GPAK3 ürününün morfolojik olarak homojen dağılıma sahip olduğu ve G bandı genişliği ve yüksekliğine göre daha yüksek grafitizasyona uğradığı tespit edilmiştir.
Journal of Characterization, 2023
CdSe and CdS thin films, one of the II-VI group semiconductor compounds, were successfully grown ... more CdSe and CdS thin films, one of the II-VI group semiconductor compounds, were successfully grown by electrochemical deposition method using low concentrations of precursor solutions. Optical properties of the fabricated thin films were investigated in the 300-850 nm wavelength range. The absorption coefficients of CdSe and CdS thin films were found to be as 5.8 x 10 5 m-1 and 8.9 x 10 6 m-1 , respectively, and direct energy band gaps these thin films were determined 2.72 eV and 2.75 eV. While the average transmission value of the CdSe was 85%, that of the CdS was 8%. Additionally, extinction coefficient values of the CdSe and CdS thin films were defined as 0.033 and 0.51, respectively and refractive index values of these were determined as 1.14 and 1.35. Besides, optical dielectric constants of thin films were examined. While the real dielectric constant, imaginary dielectric constant, dielectric loss and optical conductivity values of the CdSe were 1.24, 0.05, 0.004 and 1.38x10 14 , those of CdS thin film were 1.51, 0.94, 0.64 and 2.49x10 15 .
Journal of Characterization, 2023
In this work, the optical properties of electrochemically deposited ZnCuO and CdCuO metal oxide c... more In this work, the optical properties of electrochemically deposited ZnCuO and CdCuO metal oxide composite semiconductors were investigated in the 300-850 nm wavelength range using UV-vis spectroscopy. The highest transmission (T%) value of the ZnCuO was 20%, while that of CdCuO was approximately 82%. The average reflectance values of ZnCuO and CdCuO were 8.14% and 3.8%, respectively. The maximum absorption coefficient, energy band gap, average extinction coefficient, average refractive index, average real dielectric constant, average imaginary dielectric constant, average dielectric loss and maximum optical conductivity values of ZnCuO composite thin film were 8 x 10
Journal of Characterization, 2023
Alüminyum matrisli kompozit malzemeler havacılık, otomotiv ve uzay gibi çok geniş bir alanda kull... more Alüminyum matrisli kompozit malzemeler havacılık, otomotiv ve uzay gibi çok geniş bir alanda kullanılmaktadır. Gelişmiş özelliklere sahip Alüminyum matrisli kompozit malzemelere artan talepler alüminyum içerikli malzemelerin geri dönüşümünün öneminin artmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada, atık içecek kutularının geri dönüştürülmesi suretiyle kompozit malzemede kullanılması düşünülen alüminyum matris malzemesi üretilmiştir. Atık alüminyumdan elde edilen saf malzemeye ağırlıkça %0.5, %1 ve %1.5 oranlarında 78nm boyutunda alümina (Al2O3) nano partikülleri ilave edilerek karıştırmalı döküm yöntemi ile metal matrisli nano kompozit üretimi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen kompozitler üzerinde çekme testi, üç nokta eğme testi ve Arşimed yoğunluk testi yapılarak üretilen nano kompozit malzemelerin mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Kompozite eklenen alüminanın ağırlıkça yüzdesinin artmasıyla kopma gerilmesi 119.55 N/mm 2 'den 143.56 N/ mm 2 'ye, eğilme gerilmesi 287.82 N/mm 2 'den 336.27 N/mm 2 'ye yükselmiş ve en yüksek kopma ve eğilme gerilmesi değerleri ağırlıkça %1.5 oranında elde edilmiştir. Yapılan mikroyapı analizi sonucunda, alümina nano partiküllerin kompozit yapı içerisinde homojen olarak dağıldığı gözlenmiştir.
Journal of Characterization, 2023
Boron wastes occur during the processing of boron minerals in our country. Boron residues have at... more Boron wastes occur during the processing of boron minerals in our country. Boron residues have attracted the attention of researchers for years. In this study, it includes shaping and sintering the samples obtained by mixing boron wastes with another waste, fly ash, in different proportions. The tests applied to the building materials were applied to the sintered samples. As a result of the study on the evaluation of these wastes, which pose a major environmental problem, a building material with low water absorption and porosity and high bulk density was obtained.
Journal of Characterization, 2022
The sintering process is to bring the powdered iron ores to the desired particle size, strength a... more The sintering process is to bring the powdered iron ores to the desired particle size, strength and gas permeability for the blast furnace. During sintering, important events such as bonding between particles, size change and coarsening of the microstructure take place. Reduction Under Load (RUL) test is performed to determine the metallurgical properties of the sinter sample. Statistical process control techniques are used for iron and steel plants in which data are measured for certain periods to increase physical, chemical and reducibility properties of sinter production. Thus, when some important advantages are provided in terms of control and applicability. In this study, static and dynamic test low temperature reduction disintegration and reduction under load of the samples taken out regularly from sinter samples were investigated to determine capability of the process. For each parameter, X-R control charts using moving range method were drawn. Thereby, deviations of lower and upper limit values were determined It was concluded that the amount and grade of raw ore in the sinter blend should be fixed by using appropriate amounts.
Bipolar plates play a vital role in the gas flow and the mechanical stability of the PEM fuel cel... more Bipolar plates play a vital role in the gas flow and the mechanical stability of the PEM fuel cell device with their high mechanical strength and machinability properties. Although metallic bipolar plates have advantages, most metallic bipolar plates lack chemical stability. For that reason, to produce low-cost metallic bipolar plates, a protective coating must be applied to the surface of the metallic bipolar plates. In this study, Ni-Co-Sn based thin film coatings were deposited by electrodeposition technique onto SS316 foils for the PEM fuel cell bipolar plates. A simple sulfate-based electrolyte was used for the electrodeposition of the Ni-Co-Sn layers as a function of applied direct current density. The electrochemical reduction mechanism of the system was studied with cyclic voltammetry. The structural characterization, the morphological characterization, the composition analyses, the hardness, and the electrochemical behavior of the coatings were investigated.
Journal of Characterization, 2022
Bipolar plates play a vital role in the gas flow and the mechanical stability of the PEM fuel cel... more Bipolar plates play a vital role in the gas flow and the mechanical stability of the PEM fuel cell device with their high mechanical strength and machinability properties. Although metallic bipolar plates have advantages, most metallic bipolar plates lack chemical stability. For that reason, to produce low-cost metallic bipolar plates, a protective coating must be applied to the surface of the metallic bipolar plates. In this study, Ni-Co-Sn based thin film coatings were deposited by electrodeposition technique onto SS316 foils for the PEM fuel cell bipolar plates. A simple sulfate-based electrolyte was used for the electrodeposition of the Ni-Co-Sn layers as a function of applied direct current density. The electrochemical reduction mechanism of the system was studied with cyclic voltammetry. The structural characterization, the morphological characterization, the composition analyses, the hardness, and the electrochemical behavior of the coatings were investigated.