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Papers by Juan Jorge

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003

In this paper we develop parallel numerical algorithms to solve linear time dependent coefficient... more In this paper we develop parallel numerical algorithms to solve linear time dependent coefficient parabolic problems. Such methods are obtained by means of two consecutive discretization procedures. Firstly, we realize a time integration of the original problem using a Fractional Step Runge Kutta method which provides a family of elliptic boundary value problems on certain subdomains of the original domain. Next, we discretize those elliptic problems by means of standard techniques. Using this framework, the numerical solution is obtained by solving, at each stage, a set of uncoupled linear systems of low dimension. Comparing these algorithms with the classical domain decomposition methods for parabolic problems, we obtain a reduction of computational cost because of, in this case, no Schwarz iterations are required. We give an unconditional convergence result for the totally discrete scheme and we include two numerical examples that show the behaviour of the proposed method.

Rev Méd Chile, 2004

En artículos previos de esta Sección de la Revista, hemos mostrado la importancia de que los clín... more En artículos previos de esta Sección de la Revista, hemos mostrado la importancia de que los clínicos que leen la literatura médica, sean capaces de reconocer la validez de los estudios publicados1, basándose en criterios simples, pero ampliamente reconocidos2. El ...

Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2016

Caudal and penile blocks are the most popular regional anesthetic techniques used in infants and ... more Caudal and penile blocks are the most popular regional anesthetic techniques used in infants and children undergoing urological surgery. A recent report has suggested that penile venous pooling resulting from caudal blocks could affect surgical outcomes after hypospadias operations. The aim was to report our experience in patients with distal hypospadias undergoing repair with caudal versus penile block. A retrospective clinical database was constructed for patients who underwent distal hypospadias repair by a single surgeon (M.P.B.) at our sponsoring institutions for the time period 2008-2013 (n = 192). Collected data included hypospadias classification (glanular, coronal, subcoronal), chordee status, perioperative anesthesia (caudal vs. penile), and assessment of postoperative complications (fistula and meatal stenosis). Risk ratio (RR) analysis for all distal hypospadias cases revealed that there is a higher risk of developing complications in patients who underwent caudal anesthesia than in patients who underwent penile block RR for a complication was 3.70 (95% CI 1.05-13.03; p < 0.04) (Figure). Similar to other papers in the literature, we found that patients who underwent caudal anesthesia had more complications than those who underwent penile block. The limitations of this study include not adjusting the results according to the severity of hypospadias. The main goal of this study was accomplished by demonstrating that, in our series, caudal anesthesia is associated with a higher risk of fistula formation after undergoing distal hypospadias repair than penile block.

En nuestras latitudes, sólo cabe citar como tóxica de forma directa la toxina presente en la sang... more En nuestras latitudes, sólo cabe citar como tóxica de forma directa la toxina presente en la sangre de las morenas, pero al ser una proteína termolábil, su cocción simple la desnaturaliza e inactiva 1 .

SOJ urology and nephrology open access

Hypospadias is characterized by a displacement of the urethral opening in males that can change f... more Hypospadias is characterized by a displacement of the urethral opening in males that can change from the typical position within the glans penis to a subcoronal position (Type I), to anywhere along the ventral shaft (Type II), to penoscrotal, scrotal, or perineal positions (Type III). We and others have previously reported that age of the mother (≥ 40 years old) is a risk factor for having a child with hypospadias, but there is a scarcity of reports on whether such risk is higher for having a child with the mild (Type I) or the more severe forms (Types II and III). In addition, we aimed to assess the timing of hypospadias repair according to severity. Parents of children with hypospadias were interviewed by using a series of questionnaires (n = 128 cases). Severity was confirmed in the clinic and age of the mother was self-reported. Number of surgeries, age of child by the first and the last intervention was also assessed. Ordered logistic regression and the Brant test were employed...

La Climatologia Espanola En Los Albores Del Siglo Xxi Aportaciones Presentadas Al I Congreso De La Asociacion De Climatologia 1999 Isbn 84 281 0979 6 Pags 537 546, 1999

This paper presents a brief description of control algorithms used for simulating the haptic inte... more This paper presents a brief description of control algorithms used for simulating the haptic interaction and modifying the dynamical behavior of the mechanical interface. The first target of the controller is to provide the kinesthetic constraint of the virtual environment. Its second aim is to improve the transparency of the device, decreasing the inertia felt by the user in unconstraint movement and making him feel only the virtual environment.

Applied Numerical Mathematics, Aug 1, 2006

Some stability results are analyzed for a variant of fractional step Runge-Kutta methods which is... more Some stability results are analyzed for a variant of fractional step Runge-Kutta methods which is designed to integrate efficiently semi-linear multidimensional parabolic problems. These schemes are shown to be linearly implicit in combination with a suitable splitting of the space differential operator. We also give a proof for the convergence of such schemes, by combining the stability results of this paper with the corresponding properties of consistency.

In this work we deal with the numerical resolution of linear evolutionary singularly perturbed pr... more In this work we deal with the numerical resolution of linear evolutionary singularly perturbed problems which are posed on an open convex polygon Ω. In order to obtain a robust and efficient fully discrete algorithm, we first carry out a time integration using a Fractional Step Runge-Kutta method, where the splitting for the elliptic operator is related to a suitable decomposition of Ω. For the spatial discretization, we use certain special meshes which concentrate points in the boundary layers. The keys for the efficiency of the resultant monotone algorithms are that the calculations required for each Fractionary Step can be parallelized and, besides, no Schwarz iteration techniques are required.

RESUMEN En el presente estudio se muestra un método para hacer un seguimiento a distancia del est... more RESUMEN En el presente estudio se muestra un método para hacer un seguimiento a distancia del estado de las actividades mineras a cielo abierto, a partir de imágenes de sensores satelitales y cartografía digital de referencia. Se aplica a cuatro casos reales de la comarca de Bages (Cataluña Central), y se pretende ver si se cumple con los plazos de explotación y regeneración asignados, así como observar si los límites de la extracción se corresponden con los que tiene la Administración. La metodología seguida se basa en establecer unos parámetros de cambio a partir de dos imágenes satelitales de distintas épocas, con las que poder establecer si las diferencias entre ambas imágenes son debidas a la propia explotación minera o a causa de otros cambios en la superficie correspondiente, como cambios de uso del suelo, etc. Los resultados del estudio muestran que se puede usar esta metodología como parte del control de las explotaciones. El seguimiento de esas actividades mediante imágene...

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002

In this paper we propose an algorithm for the numerical solution of arbitrary differential equati... more In this paper we propose an algorithm for the numerical solution of arbitrary differential equations of fractional order. The algorithm is obtained by using the following decomposition of the differential equation into a system of differential equation of integer order connected with inverse forms of Abel-integral equations. The algorithm is used for solution of the linear and non-linear equations.

Life Sciences, 1991

After ¹²⁵I-β-endorphin was intravenously injected to rats, an autoradiographic study of dist... more After ¹²⁵I-β-endorphin was intravenously injected to rats, an autoradiographic study of distal femur articular cartilage was performed. Results show a specific binding of ¹²⁵I-β-endorphin to chondrocytes, suggesting the possible existence of an opiate modulation of articular cartilage.

Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications, 2006

En nuestras latitudes, sólo cabe citar como tóxica de forma directa la toxina presente en la sang... more En nuestras latitudes, sólo cabe citar como tóxica de forma directa la toxina presente en la sangre de las morenas, pero al ser una proteína termolábil, su cocción simple la desnaturaliza e inactiva 1 .

@t = r ¢ (K(x)rˆ(x;t)) ¡ S(ˆ(x;t)) + f(x;t); (x;t) 2 › £ (0;T); acompa~nada de ciertas condicione... more @t = r ¢ (K(x)rˆ(x;t)) ¡ S(ˆ(x;t)) + f(x;t); (x;t) 2 › £ (0;T); acompa~nada de ciertas condiciones iniciales y de contorno. Suponemos que el dominio espacial › µR2 es un conjunto abierto y acotado de geometr¶‡a irregular, K es un tensor simetrico y defl- nido positivo, S es una funcion no lineal suave y f es un termino fuente/sumidero. La solucion numerica de la ecuacion anterior se obtiene combinando dos procesos de discreti- zacion. En primer lugar, realizamos una integracion en tiempo mediante un metodo Runge-Kutta de pasos fraccionarios linealmente impl¶‡cito (ver (2)). Para ello consideramos sendas particiones del operador A · r ¢ (K(x)r ) y del termino fuente f subordinadas a una descomposicion de › en un conjunto de subdominios solapados f›igm i=1 (ver (3)). Mediante esta integracion temporal, el PVIC parabolico original se reduce a un conjunto de problemas de contorno el¶‡pticos, uno por cada etapa interna. Puesto que el integrador temporal elegido es de tipo pasos fraccionarios, tan solo una parte del operador A actua impl¶‡citamente en cada etapa interna. Por otro lado, el he- cho de que utilicemos un metodo linealmente impl¶‡cito hace que el termino no lineal S sea tratado expl¶‡citamente y que, por tanto, el problema de contorno obtenido en cada etapa interna sea lineal. A continuacion, este conjunto de problemas el¶‡pticos se discretiza en espacio mediante un es- quema de diferencias flnitas sobre un mallado rectangular logico; dicho esquema esta basado en el metodo de los operadores-soporte (ver (4)). Dado que la particion para el operador A esta subor- dinada a una descomposicion de ›, el problema el¶‡ptico previamente obtenido para cada etapa interna se reduce a un sistema lineal de ecuaciones que involucra incognitas en tan solo uno de los subdominios ›i. Si ademas cada uno de estos subdominios ›i esta formado por un cierto numero mi de componentes conexas disjuntas, este sistema lineal puede descomponerse en un conjunto de mi subsistemas lineales desacoplados; por ello, su resolucion es facilmente paralelizable. Notese que la principal ventaja de esta tecnica en comparacion con metodos clasicos de descomposicion de dominios radica en que no es necesario realizar iteraciones de Schwarz. Ademas, cabe destacar que el esquema totalmente discreto as¶‡ obtenido preserva algunas propiedades del esquema semi- discreto en tiempo, tales como la simetr¶‡a y conservacion de masa; debido a ello, dicho metodo se dice mimetico (ver (1)).

The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2007

Introduction. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) affect human female sexual behaviors. Animal mod... more Introduction. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) affect human female sexual behaviors. Animal models have been useful in uncovering the neural mechanisms governing changes in female sexual response upon AAS exposure. Aim. We quantify the sexual response of AAS-exposed gonadally intact female mice when paired with gonadally intact female or male pairs. Methods. C57Bl/6 female mice were systemically exposed to the AAS 17a-methyltestosterone (7.5 mg/kg) for 17 days via a subcutaneous osmotic implant. On days 15-17, these females were allowed to mate with males or proestrus female partners in familiar and unfamiliar testing arenas for 10 minutes. Main Outcome Measures. The following behavioral responses were registered: parameters related to mounting behavior such as the frequency of mounts, attempts to mount, and the latency to the first mount, anogenital investigation, fights and escapes, rejections, pelvic thrusts, and lordotic responses. Results. We found that males displayed a significant decrease in the frequency of mounts to AAS-exposed females, when compared with mating encounters with control females. We found no difference in the lordosis strength when control females were mounted by either a male or AAS-exposed females. However, females under androgen exposure attempted to mount control females, but not males, and their behavior was accompanied by significant increases in the number of fights, escapes, and rejections to the male. There were no differences between AAS-exposed females and males when the frequency of mounts and pelvic thrusts toward control females were compared. The lordotic quotient of control females was similar for either partner. Conclusions. Aside from showing a male-like pattern, AAS-exposed females displayed a higher frequency of anogenital investigations toward control females than males, and their latency to the first mount was as fast as that of males. Taken together, we conclude that the sex partner greatly influences the sexual response of AAS-exposed female mice. Barreto-Estrada JL, Parrilla-Carrero J, and Jorge JC. Exposure to an anabolic steroid changes female mice's sexual responses according to sex partner.

The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2007

Introduction. In spite of significant changes in the management policies of intersexuality, clini... more Introduction. In spite of significant changes in the management policies of intersexuality, clinical evidence show that not all pubertal or adult individuals live according to the assigned sex during infancy. Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical management of an individual diagnosed as a female pseudohermaphrodite with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) simple virilizing form four decades ago but who currently lives as a monogamous heterosexual male. Methods. We studied the clinical files spanning from 1965 to 1991 of an intersex individual. In addition, we conducted a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the abdominoplevic cavity and a series of interviews using the oral history method. Main Outcome Measures. Our analysis is based on the clinical evidence that led to the CAH diagnosis in the 1960s in light of recent clinical testing to confirm such diagnosis. Results. Analysis of reported values for 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, from 24-hour urine samples during an 8-year period showed poor adrenal suppression in spite of adherence to treatment. A recent MRI study confirmed the presence of hyperplastic adrenal glands as well as the presence of a prepubertal uterus. Semistructured interviews with the individual confirmed a life history consistent with a male gender identity. Conclusions. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that XX intersex individuals with CAH should be assigned to the female sex, this practice harms some individuals as they may self-identify as males. In the absence of comorbid psychiatric factors, the discrepancy between infant sex assignment and gender identity later in life underlines the need for a reexamination of current standards of care for individuals diagnosed with CAH.

Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2004

In this paper we present and analyze new methods to integrate multidimensional parabolic problems... more In this paper we present and analyze new methods to integrate multidimensional parabolic problems with nonlinear reaction terms. We consider a ÿrst standard spatial semidiscretization stage obtaining a family of Sti nonlinear Initial Value Problems. The totally discrete schemes are obtained by numerical integration in time of such problems, using new Additive Runge-Kutta schemes. We show that the resulting algorithms, which are only linearly implicit, reach unconditional convergence, if the Additive methods used have suitable properties of linear absolute stability. Besides, they have a computational cost per time step with the same order as the explicit methods. Finally, three numerical experiences are shown in order to illustrate the behavior of our methods.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003

In this paper we develop parallel numerical algorithms to solve linear time dependent coefficient... more In this paper we develop parallel numerical algorithms to solve linear time dependent coefficient parabolic problems. Such methods are obtained by means of two consecutive discretization procedures. Firstly, we realize a time integration of the original problem using a Fractional Step Runge Kutta method which provides a family of elliptic boundary value problems on certain subdomains of the original domain. Next, we discretize those elliptic problems by means of standard techniques. Using this framework, the numerical solution is obtained by solving, at each stage, a set of uncoupled linear systems of low dimension. Comparing these algorithms with the classical domain decomposition methods for parabolic problems, we obtain a reduction of computational cost because of, in this case, no Schwarz iterations are required. We give an unconditional convergence result for the totally discrete scheme and we include two numerical examples that show the behaviour of the proposed method.

Rev Méd Chile, 2004

En artículos previos de esta Sección de la Revista, hemos mostrado la importancia de que los clín... more En artículos previos de esta Sección de la Revista, hemos mostrado la importancia de que los clínicos que leen la literatura médica, sean capaces de reconocer la validez de los estudios publicados1, basándose en criterios simples, pero ampliamente reconocidos2. El ...

Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2016

Caudal and penile blocks are the most popular regional anesthetic techniques used in infants and ... more Caudal and penile blocks are the most popular regional anesthetic techniques used in infants and children undergoing urological surgery. A recent report has suggested that penile venous pooling resulting from caudal blocks could affect surgical outcomes after hypospadias operations. The aim was to report our experience in patients with distal hypospadias undergoing repair with caudal versus penile block. A retrospective clinical database was constructed for patients who underwent distal hypospadias repair by a single surgeon (M.P.B.) at our sponsoring institutions for the time period 2008-2013 (n = 192). Collected data included hypospadias classification (glanular, coronal, subcoronal), chordee status, perioperative anesthesia (caudal vs. penile), and assessment of postoperative complications (fistula and meatal stenosis). Risk ratio (RR) analysis for all distal hypospadias cases revealed that there is a higher risk of developing complications in patients who underwent caudal anesthesia than in patients who underwent penile block RR for a complication was 3.70 (95% CI 1.05-13.03; p < 0.04) (Figure). Similar to other papers in the literature, we found that patients who underwent caudal anesthesia had more complications than those who underwent penile block. The limitations of this study include not adjusting the results according to the severity of hypospadias. The main goal of this study was accomplished by demonstrating that, in our series, caudal anesthesia is associated with a higher risk of fistula formation after undergoing distal hypospadias repair than penile block.

En nuestras latitudes, sólo cabe citar como tóxica de forma directa la toxina presente en la sang... more En nuestras latitudes, sólo cabe citar como tóxica de forma directa la toxina presente en la sangre de las morenas, pero al ser una proteína termolábil, su cocción simple la desnaturaliza e inactiva 1 .

SOJ urology and nephrology open access

Hypospadias is characterized by a displacement of the urethral opening in males that can change f... more Hypospadias is characterized by a displacement of the urethral opening in males that can change from the typical position within the glans penis to a subcoronal position (Type I), to anywhere along the ventral shaft (Type II), to penoscrotal, scrotal, or perineal positions (Type III). We and others have previously reported that age of the mother (≥ 40 years old) is a risk factor for having a child with hypospadias, but there is a scarcity of reports on whether such risk is higher for having a child with the mild (Type I) or the more severe forms (Types II and III). In addition, we aimed to assess the timing of hypospadias repair according to severity. Parents of children with hypospadias were interviewed by using a series of questionnaires (n = 128 cases). Severity was confirmed in the clinic and age of the mother was self-reported. Number of surgeries, age of child by the first and the last intervention was also assessed. Ordered logistic regression and the Brant test were employed...

La Climatologia Espanola En Los Albores Del Siglo Xxi Aportaciones Presentadas Al I Congreso De La Asociacion De Climatologia 1999 Isbn 84 281 0979 6 Pags 537 546, 1999

This paper presents a brief description of control algorithms used for simulating the haptic inte... more This paper presents a brief description of control algorithms used for simulating the haptic interaction and modifying the dynamical behavior of the mechanical interface. The first target of the controller is to provide the kinesthetic constraint of the virtual environment. Its second aim is to improve the transparency of the device, decreasing the inertia felt by the user in unconstraint movement and making him feel only the virtual environment.

Applied Numerical Mathematics, Aug 1, 2006

Some stability results are analyzed for a variant of fractional step Runge-Kutta methods which is... more Some stability results are analyzed for a variant of fractional step Runge-Kutta methods which is designed to integrate efficiently semi-linear multidimensional parabolic problems. These schemes are shown to be linearly implicit in combination with a suitable splitting of the space differential operator. We also give a proof for the convergence of such schemes, by combining the stability results of this paper with the corresponding properties of consistency.

In this work we deal with the numerical resolution of linear evolutionary singularly perturbed pr... more In this work we deal with the numerical resolution of linear evolutionary singularly perturbed problems which are posed on an open convex polygon Ω. In order to obtain a robust and efficient fully discrete algorithm, we first carry out a time integration using a Fractional Step Runge-Kutta method, where the splitting for the elliptic operator is related to a suitable decomposition of Ω. For the spatial discretization, we use certain special meshes which concentrate points in the boundary layers. The keys for the efficiency of the resultant monotone algorithms are that the calculations required for each Fractionary Step can be parallelized and, besides, no Schwarz iteration techniques are required.

RESUMEN En el presente estudio se muestra un método para hacer un seguimiento a distancia del est... more RESUMEN En el presente estudio se muestra un método para hacer un seguimiento a distancia del estado de las actividades mineras a cielo abierto, a partir de imágenes de sensores satelitales y cartografía digital de referencia. Se aplica a cuatro casos reales de la comarca de Bages (Cataluña Central), y se pretende ver si se cumple con los plazos de explotación y regeneración asignados, así como observar si los límites de la extracción se corresponden con los que tiene la Administración. La metodología seguida se basa en establecer unos parámetros de cambio a partir de dos imágenes satelitales de distintas épocas, con las que poder establecer si las diferencias entre ambas imágenes son debidas a la propia explotación minera o a causa de otros cambios en la superficie correspondiente, como cambios de uso del suelo, etc. Los resultados del estudio muestran que se puede usar esta metodología como parte del control de las explotaciones. El seguimiento de esas actividades mediante imágene...

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002

In this paper we propose an algorithm for the numerical solution of arbitrary differential equati... more In this paper we propose an algorithm for the numerical solution of arbitrary differential equations of fractional order. The algorithm is obtained by using the following decomposition of the differential equation into a system of differential equation of integer order connected with inverse forms of Abel-integral equations. The algorithm is used for solution of the linear and non-linear equations.

Life Sciences, 1991

After ¹²⁵I-β-endorphin was intravenously injected to rats, an autoradiographic study of dist... more After ¹²⁵I-β-endorphin was intravenously injected to rats, an autoradiographic study of distal femur articular cartilage was performed. Results show a specific binding of ¹²⁵I-β-endorphin to chondrocytes, suggesting the possible existence of an opiate modulation of articular cartilage.

Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications, 2006

En nuestras latitudes, sólo cabe citar como tóxica de forma directa la toxina presente en la sang... more En nuestras latitudes, sólo cabe citar como tóxica de forma directa la toxina presente en la sangre de las morenas, pero al ser una proteína termolábil, su cocción simple la desnaturaliza e inactiva 1 .

@t = r ¢ (K(x)rˆ(x;t)) ¡ S(ˆ(x;t)) + f(x;t); (x;t) 2 › £ (0;T); acompa~nada de ciertas condicione... more @t = r ¢ (K(x)rˆ(x;t)) ¡ S(ˆ(x;t)) + f(x;t); (x;t) 2 › £ (0;T); acompa~nada de ciertas condiciones iniciales y de contorno. Suponemos que el dominio espacial › µR2 es un conjunto abierto y acotado de geometr¶‡a irregular, K es un tensor simetrico y defl- nido positivo, S es una funcion no lineal suave y f es un termino fuente/sumidero. La solucion numerica de la ecuacion anterior se obtiene combinando dos procesos de discreti- zacion. En primer lugar, realizamos una integracion en tiempo mediante un metodo Runge-Kutta de pasos fraccionarios linealmente impl¶‡cito (ver (2)). Para ello consideramos sendas particiones del operador A · r ¢ (K(x)r ) y del termino fuente f subordinadas a una descomposicion de › en un conjunto de subdominios solapados f›igm i=1 (ver (3)). Mediante esta integracion temporal, el PVIC parabolico original se reduce a un conjunto de problemas de contorno el¶‡pticos, uno por cada etapa interna. Puesto que el integrador temporal elegido es de tipo pasos fraccionarios, tan solo una parte del operador A actua impl¶‡citamente en cada etapa interna. Por otro lado, el he- cho de que utilicemos un metodo linealmente impl¶‡cito hace que el termino no lineal S sea tratado expl¶‡citamente y que, por tanto, el problema de contorno obtenido en cada etapa interna sea lineal. A continuacion, este conjunto de problemas el¶‡pticos se discretiza en espacio mediante un es- quema de diferencias flnitas sobre un mallado rectangular logico; dicho esquema esta basado en el metodo de los operadores-soporte (ver (4)). Dado que la particion para el operador A esta subor- dinada a una descomposicion de ›, el problema el¶‡ptico previamente obtenido para cada etapa interna se reduce a un sistema lineal de ecuaciones que involucra incognitas en tan solo uno de los subdominios ›i. Si ademas cada uno de estos subdominios ›i esta formado por un cierto numero mi de componentes conexas disjuntas, este sistema lineal puede descomponerse en un conjunto de mi subsistemas lineales desacoplados; por ello, su resolucion es facilmente paralelizable. Notese que la principal ventaja de esta tecnica en comparacion con metodos clasicos de descomposicion de dominios radica en que no es necesario realizar iteraciones de Schwarz. Ademas, cabe destacar que el esquema totalmente discreto as¶‡ obtenido preserva algunas propiedades del esquema semi- discreto en tiempo, tales como la simetr¶‡a y conservacion de masa; debido a ello, dicho metodo se dice mimetico (ver (1)).

The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2007

Introduction. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) affect human female sexual behaviors. Animal mod... more Introduction. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) affect human female sexual behaviors. Animal models have been useful in uncovering the neural mechanisms governing changes in female sexual response upon AAS exposure. Aim. We quantify the sexual response of AAS-exposed gonadally intact female mice when paired with gonadally intact female or male pairs. Methods. C57Bl/6 female mice were systemically exposed to the AAS 17a-methyltestosterone (7.5 mg/kg) for 17 days via a subcutaneous osmotic implant. On days 15-17, these females were allowed to mate with males or proestrus female partners in familiar and unfamiliar testing arenas for 10 minutes. Main Outcome Measures. The following behavioral responses were registered: parameters related to mounting behavior such as the frequency of mounts, attempts to mount, and the latency to the first mount, anogenital investigation, fights and escapes, rejections, pelvic thrusts, and lordotic responses. Results. We found that males displayed a significant decrease in the frequency of mounts to AAS-exposed females, when compared with mating encounters with control females. We found no difference in the lordosis strength when control females were mounted by either a male or AAS-exposed females. However, females under androgen exposure attempted to mount control females, but not males, and their behavior was accompanied by significant increases in the number of fights, escapes, and rejections to the male. There were no differences between AAS-exposed females and males when the frequency of mounts and pelvic thrusts toward control females were compared. The lordotic quotient of control females was similar for either partner. Conclusions. Aside from showing a male-like pattern, AAS-exposed females displayed a higher frequency of anogenital investigations toward control females than males, and their latency to the first mount was as fast as that of males. Taken together, we conclude that the sex partner greatly influences the sexual response of AAS-exposed female mice. Barreto-Estrada JL, Parrilla-Carrero J, and Jorge JC. Exposure to an anabolic steroid changes female mice's sexual responses according to sex partner.

The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2007

Introduction. In spite of significant changes in the management policies of intersexuality, clini... more Introduction. In spite of significant changes in the management policies of intersexuality, clinical evidence show that not all pubertal or adult individuals live according to the assigned sex during infancy. Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical management of an individual diagnosed as a female pseudohermaphrodite with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) simple virilizing form four decades ago but who currently lives as a monogamous heterosexual male. Methods. We studied the clinical files spanning from 1965 to 1991 of an intersex individual. In addition, we conducted a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the abdominoplevic cavity and a series of interviews using the oral history method. Main Outcome Measures. Our analysis is based on the clinical evidence that led to the CAH diagnosis in the 1960s in light of recent clinical testing to confirm such diagnosis. Results. Analysis of reported values for 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, from 24-hour urine samples during an 8-year period showed poor adrenal suppression in spite of adherence to treatment. A recent MRI study confirmed the presence of hyperplastic adrenal glands as well as the presence of a prepubertal uterus. Semistructured interviews with the individual confirmed a life history consistent with a male gender identity. Conclusions. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that XX intersex individuals with CAH should be assigned to the female sex, this practice harms some individuals as they may self-identify as males. In the absence of comorbid psychiatric factors, the discrepancy between infant sex assignment and gender identity later in life underlines the need for a reexamination of current standards of care for individuals diagnosed with CAH.

Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2004

In this paper we present and analyze new methods to integrate multidimensional parabolic problems... more In this paper we present and analyze new methods to integrate multidimensional parabolic problems with nonlinear reaction terms. We consider a ÿrst standard spatial semidiscretization stage obtaining a family of Sti nonlinear Initial Value Problems. The totally discrete schemes are obtained by numerical integration in time of such problems, using new Additive Runge-Kutta schemes. We show that the resulting algorithms, which are only linearly implicit, reach unconditional convergence, if the Additive methods used have suitable properties of linear absolute stability. Besides, they have a computational cost per time step with the same order as the explicit methods. Finally, three numerical experiences are shown in order to illustrate the behavior of our methods.