Juergen Glaser - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Juergen Glaser
2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering, 2010
The paper reports a study on the implications of virtualized working structures for employee self... more The paper reports a study on the implications of virtualized working structures for employee self-determination and organizationally beneficial outcomes. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze survey data of N = 1009 employees in a German public administration. Mobile telecommuting was associated with higher levels of task-related autonomy, whereas home-based telecommuting predominantly increased time-related flexibility. Moreover, employees appeared to use working time flexibility to create or expand task autonomy, which proved to be the decisive factor for promoting affective commitment and citizenship behavior. Implications for the design of modern work are discussed.
Journal of Personnel Psychology, 2013
ABSTRACT This study contributes to an evolving dynamic perspective on the stress process as a los... more ABSTRACT This study contributes to an evolving dynamic perspective on the stress process as a loss cycle of resource depletion. We investigated reciprocal relationships between perceived job stressors (work overload, patient demands, and work-family conflict) and emotional exhaustion, the core strain dimension of burnout, in a 1-year cross-lagged panel study of hospital physicians (N = 95). Contrary to the causal stressor-strain hypothesis, job stressors at T1 had no significant lagged effects on emotional exhaustion at T2. However, we found a consistent pattern of reverse strain-stressor relationships, such that emotional exhaustion at T1 predicted perceived stressors at T2. Theoretical and methodological implications as well as the practical significance of our findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Pflege
The paper introduces a holistic concept of quality management in hospitals--the approach of emplo... more The paper introduces a holistic concept of quality management in hospitals--the approach of employee and patient orientation ("MPO-Mitarbeiter- und Patientenorientierung"). It is shown that quality in health care does not primarily depend on the regulation of quantitative input and output of the health care system but is largely determined by improvements of processes within the system. TQM models like the European Quality Award are showing the way towards improving processes by focusing on employee and client orientation and satisfaction. Patient satisfaction has become a more and more popular indicator for quality in health care. However, reviews of the vast amount of literature on patient satisfaction reveal that present research suffers from the same problems and shortcomings that have already been criticised about 20 years ago. Only few studies choose innovative approaches by integrating the perspectives of patients and employees and by refraining from the insufficien...
Zeitschrift für Personalforschung
Drawing on the concept of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), the study tests assumptions regarding in... more Drawing on the concept of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), the study tests assumptions regarding interdependencies between individuals and organizations in determining work and employment conditions. I-deals are personalized arrangements individual employees negotiate with their employer. We suggest that workers use i-deals to make their jobs more intrinsically and extrinsically rewarding. Ex post negotiation is assumed to have positive effects on autonomy and distributive justice, which should mediate a positive relationship between i-deals and job satisfaction. Cross-sectional (N = 373) and longitudinal (N = 74) survey data support the hypothesized relationships. The potential of i-deals as a means for individualizing organizations and further research needs are discussed.
Public Health Forum, 2004
BMC medical education, 2014
The shortage of physicians is an evolving problem throughout the world. In this study we aimed to... more The shortage of physicians is an evolving problem throughout the world. In this study we aimed to identify to what extent junior doctors' training and working conditions determine their intention to leave clinical practice after residency training. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 557 junior doctors undergoing residency training in German hospitals. Self-reported specialty training conditions, working conditions and intention to leave clinical practice were measured over three time points. Scales covering training conditions were assessed by structured residency training, professional support, and dealing with lack of knowledge; working conditions were evaluated by work overload, job autonomy and social support, based on the Demand-Control-Support model. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses with random intercept for longitudinal data were applied to determine the odds ratio of having a higher level of intention to leave clinical practice. In the models th...
Pflege, 2003
The concept of sentimental work by Strauss and collaborators is presented and investigated empiri... more The concept of sentimental work by Strauss and collaborators is presented and investigated empirically within the fields of home and out-patient geriatric care by means of questionnaires. The results illustrate that sentimental work is an important component of nursing work. Differences in the use of distinct types of sentimental work are shown. A comparison between sentimental work in home and out-patient geriatric care reveals similarities as well as typical differences.
Public Health Forum, 2014
ABSTRACT The structural changes and economic crises of the past decades have led to an increase i... more ABSTRACT The structural changes and economic crises of the past decades have led to an increase in job insecurity among employees worldwide (OECD, 1997; Eurofound, 2012). Current research suggests that job insecurity is a work-related stressor which can have detrimental effects on psychological, as well as somatic health (Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt, 2010). To date, there is a lack of studies on preventive approaches, especially in work-settings. With regards to the individual and societal implications of job insecurity, the validation of appropriate interventions is called for.
BMJ quality & safety, 2011
BACKGROUND Interruptions of hospital doctors' workflow are a frequent stressor, eventually je... more BACKGROUND Interruptions of hospital doctors' workflow are a frequent stressor, eventually jeopardising quality of clinical performance. To enhance the safety of hospital doctors' work, it is necessary to analyse frequency and circumstances of workflow interruptions. AIM To quantify workflow interruptions among hospital doctors, identify frequent sources and relate sources to doctors' concurrent activities. METHODS Within a typical hospital, 32 participant observations of doctors' full work shifts were carried out. Time-motion information was collected on types of workflow interruption and doctors' activities and analysed with logit-linear analyses. RESULTS The frequency of workflow interruptions was high, especially on the intensive care unit and emergency ward. Telephones and bleepers were the most frequently recorded type of work interruption. The combined analysis of doctors' activities and concurrent workflow interruptions revealed that the likelihood of...
Work (Reading, Mass.), 2012
Previous research shows that work ability of nurses decreases with age. In our study we therefore... more Previous research shows that work ability of nurses decreases with age. In our study we therefore addressed the following questions: Do successful ageing strategies at work in terms of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) support the work ability of nurses? Does SOC mediate the relationship between job control (i.e., decision opportunities at work) and work ability? Does the mediation differ between age-groups? 438 nurses (Age Range 21-63 years) completed a questionnaire in the course of an employee survey. Results show that SOC is positively related with work ability. The positive effect of job control on work ability is significantly mediated by SOC. There are stronger mediating effects for elder nurses than for younger nurses. Results indicate that the interplay of job control and SOC at work helps to maintain the work ability of nurses in nursing care.
Das Gesundheitswesen, 2014
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2015
The relationship between workplace bullying and depression may be bi-directional. Furthermore, it... more The relationship between workplace bullying and depression may be bi-directional. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the depressogenic effect of bullying may only become evident after reasonable periods of follow-up (i.e., >1 year). As prospective evidence remains sparse and inconsistent, we used data from a three-wave prospective study to disentangle this potentially bi-directional relationship. In 2004, 621 junior hospital physicians participated in a survey and were followed-up 1.2 years and 2.8 years later. Prospective analyses were restricted to participants with complete data at all assessments (n=507 or 82%). To measure workplace bullying, a description of bullying at work was provided followed by an item inquiring whether the respondent felt she/he had been exposed. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the state scale of the German Spielberger's State-Trait Depression Scales. Multivariate linear regression suggested that workplace bullying at baseline predicted increased depressive symptoms both after 1 year (b=1.43, p=0.01) and after 3 years of follow-up (b=1.58, p=0.01). Multivariate Poisson regression models revealed that the depressive symptom z-score at baseline was associated with an increased risk of bullying at the 3-year follow-up (relative risk [RR]=1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13-1.97). This association was less pronounced after 1 year of follow-up (RR=1.19, 95% CI=0.90-1.59). Our study suggests bi-directional associations between depressive symptoms and victimization from bullying at the workplace. Future prospective studies are needed to examine underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014
Zeitschrift für Personalpsychologie, 2008
Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O, 2004
Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O, 2004
... 1999). Hier dürften den ambulanten Pflegediensten mehr noch als den etab-lierten Institutione... more ... 1999). Hier dürften den ambulanten Pflegediensten mehr noch als den etab-lierten Institutionen im stationären Bereich die notwendi-gen Kenntnisse und Instrumente fehlen, um diese gesetz-liche Verpflichtung umzusetzen. ...
Psychologische Rundschau, 2004
Psychological Reports, 2011
Leader consideration has long been suggested to be conducive to quality of working life experienc... more Leader consideration has long been suggested to be conducive to quality of working life experienced by employees. The present study links this classic leadership dimension with more recent research on idiosyncratic deals, referring to personalized conditions workers negotiate in their employment relationships. A two-wave survey study (N = 159/142) among German hospital physicians suggests that authorizing idiosyncratic deals is a manifestation of employee-oriented leader behavior. Consideration had consistent positive effects on idiosyncratic deals regarding both professional development and working time flexibility. These two types had differential effects on two indicators of the quality of working life. Development related positively to work engagement, flexibility related negatively to work-family conflict. Cross-lagged correlations supported the proposed direction of influence between consideration and idiosyncratic deals in a subsample of repeating responders (n = 91). The relation between development and engagement appeared to be reciprocal. Longitudinal results for the association between flexibility and work-family conflict were inconclusive.
2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering, 2010
The paper reports a study on the implications of virtualized working structures for employee self... more The paper reports a study on the implications of virtualized working structures for employee self-determination and organizationally beneficial outcomes. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze survey data of N = 1009 employees in a German public administration. Mobile telecommuting was associated with higher levels of task-related autonomy, whereas home-based telecommuting predominantly increased time-related flexibility. Moreover, employees appeared to use working time flexibility to create or expand task autonomy, which proved to be the decisive factor for promoting affective commitment and citizenship behavior. Implications for the design of modern work are discussed.
Journal of Personnel Psychology, 2013
ABSTRACT This study contributes to an evolving dynamic perspective on the stress process as a los... more ABSTRACT This study contributes to an evolving dynamic perspective on the stress process as a loss cycle of resource depletion. We investigated reciprocal relationships between perceived job stressors (work overload, patient demands, and work-family conflict) and emotional exhaustion, the core strain dimension of burnout, in a 1-year cross-lagged panel study of hospital physicians (N = 95). Contrary to the causal stressor-strain hypothesis, job stressors at T1 had no significant lagged effects on emotional exhaustion at T2. However, we found a consistent pattern of reverse strain-stressor relationships, such that emotional exhaustion at T1 predicted perceived stressors at T2. Theoretical and methodological implications as well as the practical significance of our findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Pflege
The paper introduces a holistic concept of quality management in hospitals--the approach of emplo... more The paper introduces a holistic concept of quality management in hospitals--the approach of employee and patient orientation ("MPO-Mitarbeiter- und Patientenorientierung"). It is shown that quality in health care does not primarily depend on the regulation of quantitative input and output of the health care system but is largely determined by improvements of processes within the system. TQM models like the European Quality Award are showing the way towards improving processes by focusing on employee and client orientation and satisfaction. Patient satisfaction has become a more and more popular indicator for quality in health care. However, reviews of the vast amount of literature on patient satisfaction reveal that present research suffers from the same problems and shortcomings that have already been criticised about 20 years ago. Only few studies choose innovative approaches by integrating the perspectives of patients and employees and by refraining from the insufficien...
Zeitschrift für Personalforschung
Drawing on the concept of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), the study tests assumptions regarding in... more Drawing on the concept of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), the study tests assumptions regarding interdependencies between individuals and organizations in determining work and employment conditions. I-deals are personalized arrangements individual employees negotiate with their employer. We suggest that workers use i-deals to make their jobs more intrinsically and extrinsically rewarding. Ex post negotiation is assumed to have positive effects on autonomy and distributive justice, which should mediate a positive relationship between i-deals and job satisfaction. Cross-sectional (N = 373) and longitudinal (N = 74) survey data support the hypothesized relationships. The potential of i-deals as a means for individualizing organizations and further research needs are discussed.
Public Health Forum, 2004
BMC medical education, 2014
The shortage of physicians is an evolving problem throughout the world. In this study we aimed to... more The shortage of physicians is an evolving problem throughout the world. In this study we aimed to identify to what extent junior doctors' training and working conditions determine their intention to leave clinical practice after residency training. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 557 junior doctors undergoing residency training in German hospitals. Self-reported specialty training conditions, working conditions and intention to leave clinical practice were measured over three time points. Scales covering training conditions were assessed by structured residency training, professional support, and dealing with lack of knowledge; working conditions were evaluated by work overload, job autonomy and social support, based on the Demand-Control-Support model. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses with random intercept for longitudinal data were applied to determine the odds ratio of having a higher level of intention to leave clinical practice. In the models th...
Pflege, 2003
The concept of sentimental work by Strauss and collaborators is presented and investigated empiri... more The concept of sentimental work by Strauss and collaborators is presented and investigated empirically within the fields of home and out-patient geriatric care by means of questionnaires. The results illustrate that sentimental work is an important component of nursing work. Differences in the use of distinct types of sentimental work are shown. A comparison between sentimental work in home and out-patient geriatric care reveals similarities as well as typical differences.
Public Health Forum, 2014
ABSTRACT The structural changes and economic crises of the past decades have led to an increase i... more ABSTRACT The structural changes and economic crises of the past decades have led to an increase in job insecurity among employees worldwide (OECD, 1997; Eurofound, 2012). Current research suggests that job insecurity is a work-related stressor which can have detrimental effects on psychological, as well as somatic health (Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt, 2010). To date, there is a lack of studies on preventive approaches, especially in work-settings. With regards to the individual and societal implications of job insecurity, the validation of appropriate interventions is called for.
BMJ quality & safety, 2011
BACKGROUND Interruptions of hospital doctors' workflow are a frequent stressor, eventually je... more BACKGROUND Interruptions of hospital doctors' workflow are a frequent stressor, eventually jeopardising quality of clinical performance. To enhance the safety of hospital doctors' work, it is necessary to analyse frequency and circumstances of workflow interruptions. AIM To quantify workflow interruptions among hospital doctors, identify frequent sources and relate sources to doctors' concurrent activities. METHODS Within a typical hospital, 32 participant observations of doctors' full work shifts were carried out. Time-motion information was collected on types of workflow interruption and doctors' activities and analysed with logit-linear analyses. RESULTS The frequency of workflow interruptions was high, especially on the intensive care unit and emergency ward. Telephones and bleepers were the most frequently recorded type of work interruption. The combined analysis of doctors' activities and concurrent workflow interruptions revealed that the likelihood of...
Work (Reading, Mass.), 2012
Previous research shows that work ability of nurses decreases with age. In our study we therefore... more Previous research shows that work ability of nurses decreases with age. In our study we therefore addressed the following questions: Do successful ageing strategies at work in terms of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) support the work ability of nurses? Does SOC mediate the relationship between job control (i.e., decision opportunities at work) and work ability? Does the mediation differ between age-groups? 438 nurses (Age Range 21-63 years) completed a questionnaire in the course of an employee survey. Results show that SOC is positively related with work ability. The positive effect of job control on work ability is significantly mediated by SOC. There are stronger mediating effects for elder nurses than for younger nurses. Results indicate that the interplay of job control and SOC at work helps to maintain the work ability of nurses in nursing care.
Das Gesundheitswesen, 2014
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2015
The relationship between workplace bullying and depression may be bi-directional. Furthermore, it... more The relationship between workplace bullying and depression may be bi-directional. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the depressogenic effect of bullying may only become evident after reasonable periods of follow-up (i.e., >1 year). As prospective evidence remains sparse and inconsistent, we used data from a three-wave prospective study to disentangle this potentially bi-directional relationship. In 2004, 621 junior hospital physicians participated in a survey and were followed-up 1.2 years and 2.8 years later. Prospective analyses were restricted to participants with complete data at all assessments (n=507 or 82%). To measure workplace bullying, a description of bullying at work was provided followed by an item inquiring whether the respondent felt she/he had been exposed. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the state scale of the German Spielberger's State-Trait Depression Scales. Multivariate linear regression suggested that workplace bullying at baseline predicted increased depressive symptoms both after 1 year (b=1.43, p=0.01) and after 3 years of follow-up (b=1.58, p=0.01). Multivariate Poisson regression models revealed that the depressive symptom z-score at baseline was associated with an increased risk of bullying at the 3-year follow-up (relative risk [RR]=1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13-1.97). This association was less pronounced after 1 year of follow-up (RR=1.19, 95% CI=0.90-1.59). Our study suggests bi-directional associations between depressive symptoms and victimization from bullying at the workplace. Future prospective studies are needed to examine underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014
Zeitschrift für Personalpsychologie, 2008
Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O, 2004
Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O, 2004
... 1999). Hier dürften den ambulanten Pflegediensten mehr noch als den etab-lierten Institutione... more ... 1999). Hier dürften den ambulanten Pflegediensten mehr noch als den etab-lierten Institutionen im stationären Bereich die notwendi-gen Kenntnisse und Instrumente fehlen, um diese gesetz-liche Verpflichtung umzusetzen. ...
Psychologische Rundschau, 2004
Psychological Reports, 2011
Leader consideration has long been suggested to be conducive to quality of working life experienc... more Leader consideration has long been suggested to be conducive to quality of working life experienced by employees. The present study links this classic leadership dimension with more recent research on idiosyncratic deals, referring to personalized conditions workers negotiate in their employment relationships. A two-wave survey study (N = 159/142) among German hospital physicians suggests that authorizing idiosyncratic deals is a manifestation of employee-oriented leader behavior. Consideration had consistent positive effects on idiosyncratic deals regarding both professional development and working time flexibility. These two types had differential effects on two indicators of the quality of working life. Development related positively to work engagement, flexibility related negatively to work-family conflict. Cross-lagged correlations supported the proposed direction of influence between consideration and idiosyncratic deals in a subsample of repeating responders (n = 91). The relation between development and engagement appeared to be reciprocal. Longitudinal results for the association between flexibility and work-family conflict were inconclusive.