Juliana Schöntag - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Juliana Schöntag

Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research

A água é de extrema importância para a existência de todos os seres vivos e, sua preservação, tra... more A água é de extrema importância para a existência de todos os seres vivos e, sua preservação, tratamento e reaproveitamento devem ser preocupação constante para toda a sociedade. As cidades brasileiras costumam desprezar as águas provenientes das chuvas, muitas vezes tratando-a como um problema, quando se necessita apenas, cuidar do seu destino final. O grande desafio atual é utilizar a água da chuva de uma forma mais eficiente, seja para fins de reuso ou para consumo próprio. Além disso, sua utilização amenizaria os impactos gerados pelos despejos de grandes volumes provenientes do escoamento superficial de áreas impermeabilizadas, comuns em centros urbanos. Este estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar a água da chuva através de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas coletadas no campus da Universidade do município de Cerro Largo, localizado na região das Missões/RS e indicar formas de reaproveitá-la. Como a água da chuva foi coletada por telhado, observou-se contaminação microbio...

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Gr... more Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2015.Problemas constantes encontrados em sistema de tratamento e distribuição de água e o crescente aumento do custo de produção, devido à degradação da qualidade da água disponível vêm motivando pesquisas por novas soluções em tratamento e obtenção de maiores produções efetivas. Com esse intuito, esse trabalho propôs o estudo de um material leve e reutilizável. As esferas poliméricas de poliestireno apresentaram-se como uma alternativa, pois além de serem leves e inertes têm características similares a de uma areia grossa e estão disponíveis comercialmente. Primeiramente, caracterizou-se esse material que apresentou granulometria entre 0,5 e 1,2 mm, diâmetro específico de 0,68 mm, coeficiente de uniformidade de 1,36 e massa específica de 1046 kg/m³. Após a caracterização desse material, simulou-se matematicamente a utilização como elemento...

Acta Scientiarum. Technology

Membranes processes, in particular, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, represent an important al... more Membranes processes, in particular, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, represent an important alternative for treatment of contaminated waters. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the removal of the carbamates: carbaryl, carbofuran and methomyl at different concentrations from water fortified with these compounds. A pilot nanofiltration unit, operating in the tangential flow, provided with a membrane in the spiral configuration, Model NF90-4040 (Dow Filmtec Membranes) was used. Two types of fortified water with carbamates were performed: distilled water and pond water. Nanofiltration tests with distilled water were performed in a closed system, in order to maintain a constant concentration of carbamates in the feed water. In this case, the efficiency of carbamates removal was greater or equal than 89, 100 and 74% for carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl, respectively. When using pond water, the removal of carbamates was higher or equal: 98, 100 and 90% for carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl, respectively. The results indicate that by nanofiltration, it is possible to obtain drinking water from the contaminated water with carbamates, according to international guidelines.

Environmental technology, Jan 29, 2018

Population growth requires more food production and as a consequence, there is the indiscriminate... more Population growth requires more food production and as a consequence, there is the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, among them major group are carbamates. At times, runoff of pesticides leads to surface water pollution that serves as a source of public supply. Thus, the presence of these microcontaminants in surface water has become increasingly frequent. The treatment developed in this work uses the principle of adsorption as a technology for the removal of carbamates, more specifically carbofuran. Two methods of coating the polystyrene beads with iron oxide were used to adsorb these microcontaminants from the water. The coating was evaluated through the chemical extraction of iron, analysis by scanning electron microscopy and BET analysis. The metallurgy that presented the best coating was the one that used the ferric chloride. The beads coated by this methodology were used for adsorption tests of carbofuran and showed positive results after verification of the influence of pH...

Environmental Technology, 2017

Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, 2015

Environmental technology, Jan 17, 2016

Polystyrene (PS) beads have been studied as a possible filter element, with the aim of increasing... more Polystyrene (PS) beads have been studied as a possible filter element, with the aim of increasing the effective production of water in treatment plants. Being a granular material of an effective size of 0.68 mm, sphericity of 0.96 and density of 1046 kg/m(3), the use of PS beads may provide washing water savings because they require low velocities for expansion during backwash. However, other aspects must be considered before the adoption of this material, such as the filtration mechanisms associated with it. Analyses of turbidity retention and head loss variation throughout the filter run were observed, and acceptable filtration rates were achieved (pilot tests). There was bit adhesion of particulates on bead surfaces, which was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The beads showed a low adsorption capacity, which was assessed using methylene blue (lab tests).

Environmental technology, Jan 20, 2016

Slow sand filters are considered as a great alternative for supplying drinking water in rural and... more Slow sand filters are considered as a great alternative for supplying drinking water in rural and/or isolated areas where raw water that is treatable with this technique is available. Some studies used backwashing as an alternative for cleaning the slow sand filter with the goal of applying the technology in small communities, since filters that supply water to a small number of people do not require much space. In this study the influence of the effective diameter on water quality in the filters and cleaning system was evaluated. A pilot system with six filters was built: three filters were conventionally cleaned by scraping and the other three were cleaned by backwashing, each with a different effective diameter of filter medium. Most filters had an average turbidity of less than 1.0 NTU, the turbidity required at the output of the filters by the Brazilian Ministry of Health Ordinance. In the study, the filters cleaned by scraping with smaller-diameter filter beds effectively filt...

ABSTRACT The need for water production is increasing in urban populations. In conventional water ... more ABSTRACT The need for water production is increasing in urban populations. In conventional water treatment plants, the filters are backwashed by treated water, which represents high long-term costs. In order to obtain a highly effective production of water with a subsequent reduction in production costs, it was proposed to feature a granular filter element with low density and its potential to provide a down-flow rapid filter, which can represent a reduction in the volume of water used for backwash. The polymer used for this purpose appears to be favorable; in addition, there are possibilities of recycling this material. A velocity of 6.08 m/h for a 50% expansion was demonstrated, which is very low compared to conventional filter elements (i.e. sand and anthracite). So, this element has shown great potential in reducing the volume of water during the backwash process, as observed using mathematical models. The final quality of the filtered water still needs to be analyzed. However, the permeability coefficient was determinate at 1.79 × 10−5 ± 2.87 × 10−6 m/s being satisfactory as filtration. The outlook is that it may become an option for element filtration in down-flow rapid filters for water treatment.

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2015

ABSTRACT Many devices are used to improve the performance of rapid filters, increasing the filter... more ABSTRACT Many devices are used to improve the performance of rapid filters, increasing the filter run and reducing the velocity of the wash water filter with the use of multiple layers and the adoption of different filter materials. This study constructed a descending rapid filter utilizing polystyrene granules as a new filter element; this was compared to a sand and anthracite descending rapid filter. The filter performance was compared in terms of water quality, turbidity, apparent and true color, conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, pH, residual aluminum, and removal of cyanobacterium (Cylindrospermopsis raciborski) under the same operating conditions of filtration. The sand and anthracite filter reached the greatest filtration run, but the water quality of the polystyrene filter had a similar quality to the sand and anthracite filter. Furthermore, the filter containing polystyrene granules as a media filter can represent savings with decreased wash water and the construction of reservoirs with a lower hydraulic load.

Speckle 2010: Optical Metrology, 2010

ABSTRACT This paper presents an investigation on the applicability of shearography to characteriz... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an investigation on the applicability of shearography to characterize the location and depth of defects in composite materials. Sets of specimens with artificial square flaws between the layers of a composite material have been used for the experiments. Flaws with different sizes were placed at different depths along the thickness of the material. Time-Average and Stroboscopic laser illumination have been applied together with vibrational loading. The resonance frequencies were related to the depths of the different faults sizes. Frequency x depth results showed good behavior for different defect sizes. These results encourages to further studies with other types of faults and composite materials.

Environmental technology, Jan 20, 2016

Slow sand filters are considered as a great alternative for supplying drinking water in rural and... more Slow sand filters are considered as a great alternative for supplying drinking water in rural and/or isolated areas where raw water that is treatable with this technique is available. Some studies used backwashing as an alternative for cleaning the slow sand filter with the goal of applying the technology in small communities, since filters that supply water to a small number of people do not require much space. In this study the influence of the effective diameter on water quality in the filters and cleaning system was evaluated. A pilot system with six filters was built: three filters were conventionally cleaned by scraping and the other three were cleaned by backwashing, each with a different effective diameter of filter medium. Most filters had an average turbidity of less than 1.0 NTU, the turbidity required at the output of the filters by the Brazilian Ministry of Health Ordinance. In the study, the filters cleaned by scraping with smaller-diameter filter beds effectively filt...

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2015

Many devices are used to improve the performance of rapid filters, increasing the filter run and ... more Many devices are used to improve the performance of rapid filters, increasing the filter run and reducing the velocity of the wash water filter with the use of multiple layers and the adoption of different filter materials. This study constructed a descending rapid filter utilizing polystyrene granules as a new filter element; this was compared to a sand and anthracite descending rapid filter. The filter performance was compared in terms of water quality, turbidity, apparent and true color, conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, pH, residual aluminum, and removal of cyanobacterium (Cylindrospermopsis raciborski) under the same operating conditions of filtration. The sand and anthracite filter reached the greatest filtration run, but the water quality of the polystyrene filter had a similar quality to the sand and anthracite filter. Furthermore, the filter containing polystyrene granules as a media filter can represent savings with decreased wash water and the construction of reservoirs with a lower hydraulic load.

Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research

A água é de extrema importância para a existência de todos os seres vivos e, sua preservação, tra... more A água é de extrema importância para a existência de todos os seres vivos e, sua preservação, tratamento e reaproveitamento devem ser preocupação constante para toda a sociedade. As cidades brasileiras costumam desprezar as águas provenientes das chuvas, muitas vezes tratando-a como um problema, quando se necessita apenas, cuidar do seu destino final. O grande desafio atual é utilizar a água da chuva de uma forma mais eficiente, seja para fins de reuso ou para consumo próprio. Além disso, sua utilização amenizaria os impactos gerados pelos despejos de grandes volumes provenientes do escoamento superficial de áreas impermeabilizadas, comuns em centros urbanos. Este estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar a água da chuva através de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas coletadas no campus da Universidade do município de Cerro Largo, localizado na região das Missões/RS e indicar formas de reaproveitá-la. Como a água da chuva foi coletada por telhado, observou-se contaminação microbio...

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Gr... more Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2015.Problemas constantes encontrados em sistema de tratamento e distribuição de água e o crescente aumento do custo de produção, devido à degradação da qualidade da água disponível vêm motivando pesquisas por novas soluções em tratamento e obtenção de maiores produções efetivas. Com esse intuito, esse trabalho propôs o estudo de um material leve e reutilizável. As esferas poliméricas de poliestireno apresentaram-se como uma alternativa, pois além de serem leves e inertes têm características similares a de uma areia grossa e estão disponíveis comercialmente. Primeiramente, caracterizou-se esse material que apresentou granulometria entre 0,5 e 1,2 mm, diâmetro específico de 0,68 mm, coeficiente de uniformidade de 1,36 e massa específica de 1046 kg/m³. Após a caracterização desse material, simulou-se matematicamente a utilização como elemento...

Acta Scientiarum. Technology

Membranes processes, in particular, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, represent an important al... more Membranes processes, in particular, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, represent an important alternative for treatment of contaminated waters. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the removal of the carbamates: carbaryl, carbofuran and methomyl at different concentrations from water fortified with these compounds. A pilot nanofiltration unit, operating in the tangential flow, provided with a membrane in the spiral configuration, Model NF90-4040 (Dow Filmtec Membranes) was used. Two types of fortified water with carbamates were performed: distilled water and pond water. Nanofiltration tests with distilled water were performed in a closed system, in order to maintain a constant concentration of carbamates in the feed water. In this case, the efficiency of carbamates removal was greater or equal than 89, 100 and 74% for carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl, respectively. When using pond water, the removal of carbamates was higher or equal: 98, 100 and 90% for carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl, respectively. The results indicate that by nanofiltration, it is possible to obtain drinking water from the contaminated water with carbamates, according to international guidelines.

Environmental technology, Jan 29, 2018

Population growth requires more food production and as a consequence, there is the indiscriminate... more Population growth requires more food production and as a consequence, there is the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, among them major group are carbamates. At times, runoff of pesticides leads to surface water pollution that serves as a source of public supply. Thus, the presence of these microcontaminants in surface water has become increasingly frequent. The treatment developed in this work uses the principle of adsorption as a technology for the removal of carbamates, more specifically carbofuran. Two methods of coating the polystyrene beads with iron oxide were used to adsorb these microcontaminants from the water. The coating was evaluated through the chemical extraction of iron, analysis by scanning electron microscopy and BET analysis. The metallurgy that presented the best coating was the one that used the ferric chloride. The beads coated by this methodology were used for adsorption tests of carbofuran and showed positive results after verification of the influence of pH...

Environmental Technology, 2017

Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, 2015

Environmental technology, Jan 17, 2016

Polystyrene (PS) beads have been studied as a possible filter element, with the aim of increasing... more Polystyrene (PS) beads have been studied as a possible filter element, with the aim of increasing the effective production of water in treatment plants. Being a granular material of an effective size of 0.68 mm, sphericity of 0.96 and density of 1046 kg/m(3), the use of PS beads may provide washing water savings because they require low velocities for expansion during backwash. However, other aspects must be considered before the adoption of this material, such as the filtration mechanisms associated with it. Analyses of turbidity retention and head loss variation throughout the filter run were observed, and acceptable filtration rates were achieved (pilot tests). There was bit adhesion of particulates on bead surfaces, which was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The beads showed a low adsorption capacity, which was assessed using methylene blue (lab tests).

Environmental technology, Jan 20, 2016

Slow sand filters are considered as a great alternative for supplying drinking water in rural and... more Slow sand filters are considered as a great alternative for supplying drinking water in rural and/or isolated areas where raw water that is treatable with this technique is available. Some studies used backwashing as an alternative for cleaning the slow sand filter with the goal of applying the technology in small communities, since filters that supply water to a small number of people do not require much space. In this study the influence of the effective diameter on water quality in the filters and cleaning system was evaluated. A pilot system with six filters was built: three filters were conventionally cleaned by scraping and the other three were cleaned by backwashing, each with a different effective diameter of filter medium. Most filters had an average turbidity of less than 1.0 NTU, the turbidity required at the output of the filters by the Brazilian Ministry of Health Ordinance. In the study, the filters cleaned by scraping with smaller-diameter filter beds effectively filt...

ABSTRACT The need for water production is increasing in urban populations. In conventional water ... more ABSTRACT The need for water production is increasing in urban populations. In conventional water treatment plants, the filters are backwashed by treated water, which represents high long-term costs. In order to obtain a highly effective production of water with a subsequent reduction in production costs, it was proposed to feature a granular filter element with low density and its potential to provide a down-flow rapid filter, which can represent a reduction in the volume of water used for backwash. The polymer used for this purpose appears to be favorable; in addition, there are possibilities of recycling this material. A velocity of 6.08 m/h for a 50% expansion was demonstrated, which is very low compared to conventional filter elements (i.e. sand and anthracite). So, this element has shown great potential in reducing the volume of water during the backwash process, as observed using mathematical models. The final quality of the filtered water still needs to be analyzed. However, the permeability coefficient was determinate at 1.79 × 10−5 ± 2.87 × 10−6 m/s being satisfactory as filtration. The outlook is that it may become an option for element filtration in down-flow rapid filters for water treatment.

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2015

ABSTRACT Many devices are used to improve the performance of rapid filters, increasing the filter... more ABSTRACT Many devices are used to improve the performance of rapid filters, increasing the filter run and reducing the velocity of the wash water filter with the use of multiple layers and the adoption of different filter materials. This study constructed a descending rapid filter utilizing polystyrene granules as a new filter element; this was compared to a sand and anthracite descending rapid filter. The filter performance was compared in terms of water quality, turbidity, apparent and true color, conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, pH, residual aluminum, and removal of cyanobacterium (Cylindrospermopsis raciborski) under the same operating conditions of filtration. The sand and anthracite filter reached the greatest filtration run, but the water quality of the polystyrene filter had a similar quality to the sand and anthracite filter. Furthermore, the filter containing polystyrene granules as a media filter can represent savings with decreased wash water and the construction of reservoirs with a lower hydraulic load.

Speckle 2010: Optical Metrology, 2010

ABSTRACT This paper presents an investigation on the applicability of shearography to characteriz... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an investigation on the applicability of shearography to characterize the location and depth of defects in composite materials. Sets of specimens with artificial square flaws between the layers of a composite material have been used for the experiments. Flaws with different sizes were placed at different depths along the thickness of the material. Time-Average and Stroboscopic laser illumination have been applied together with vibrational loading. The resonance frequencies were related to the depths of the different faults sizes. Frequency x depth results showed good behavior for different defect sizes. These results encourages to further studies with other types of faults and composite materials.

Environmental technology, Jan 20, 2016

Slow sand filters are considered as a great alternative for supplying drinking water in rural and... more Slow sand filters are considered as a great alternative for supplying drinking water in rural and/or isolated areas where raw water that is treatable with this technique is available. Some studies used backwashing as an alternative for cleaning the slow sand filter with the goal of applying the technology in small communities, since filters that supply water to a small number of people do not require much space. In this study the influence of the effective diameter on water quality in the filters and cleaning system was evaluated. A pilot system with six filters was built: three filters were conventionally cleaned by scraping and the other three were cleaned by backwashing, each with a different effective diameter of filter medium. Most filters had an average turbidity of less than 1.0 NTU, the turbidity required at the output of the filters by the Brazilian Ministry of Health Ordinance. In the study, the filters cleaned by scraping with smaller-diameter filter beds effectively filt...

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2015

Many devices are used to improve the performance of rapid filters, increasing the filter run and ... more Many devices are used to improve the performance of rapid filters, increasing the filter run and reducing the velocity of the wash water filter with the use of multiple layers and the adoption of different filter materials. This study constructed a descending rapid filter utilizing polystyrene granules as a new filter element; this was compared to a sand and anthracite descending rapid filter. The filter performance was compared in terms of water quality, turbidity, apparent and true color, conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, pH, residual aluminum, and removal of cyanobacterium (Cylindrospermopsis raciborski) under the same operating conditions of filtration. The sand and anthracite filter reached the greatest filtration run, but the water quality of the polystyrene filter had a similar quality to the sand and anthracite filter. Furthermore, the filter containing polystyrene granules as a media filter can represent savings with decreased wash water and the construction of reservoirs with a lower hydraulic load.