Junaid Ahmed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Junaid Ahmed

Journal of Endodontics, 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the root and canal morphology of the maxillary p... more Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the root and canal morphology of the maxillary permanent first molars in an Emirati population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Two hundred and sixty-one CBCT scans were acquired. The data were extracted and anonymized to remove all patient identifiers. Two observers (an endodontic resident and an endodontist) evaluated all scans on diagnostic quality monitors. Results: The prevalence of a second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) was 80.1% in all examined samples. Type II Vertucci classification, was the most common canal configuration (59%) in the mesiobuccal root, followed by Types I (19.9%) and IV (15.3%), while Type III was the least common (5.7%). Types I, II, and IV were significantly more common in the 21-40-year age group (P < 0.001), while Type III was observed significantly more often in the < 20-year age group (P < 0.001). No significant effect of gender on the prevalence of Vertucci classification in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars (P = 0.74) was found. Analysis of bilateral symmetry showed that 80% teeth had perfect bilateral symmetry, whereas 20% were asymmetrical. Type II canal configuration showed the highest prevalence of bilateral symmetry (48.7%), followed by Type I (15%) and Type IV (10%), while Type III showed the least prevalence of symmetry (3%). Conclusions: This was the first study to analyze the prevalence of MB2 canal in an Emirati population. Our results indicate high prevalence of MB2 (80.1%) and emphasize the importance of using advanced techniques to locate the MB2 canal.

Journal of Chitwan Medical College

Background: Psychological stress adversely affects the physiological effectiveness of a person to... more Background: Psychological stress adversely affects the physiological effectiveness of a person to an abundant point of melancholy. Considering the high prevalence of oral health problems in psychiatric patients, the present study was conducted to assess prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in psychiatric patients attending psychiatric outpatient department (OPD) at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Outpatient Department of psychiatry at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital in Biratnagar. A total number of 130 patients diagnosed with oral mucosal lesions and stress related conditions were screened. Data for this research was collected by Oral visual examination. Statistical analysis was carried out by using spss software version 21 with use of descriptive statistics like mean and percentage. Results: Majority of the participants were females constituting of 61% of the study group and male subjects with 39 % of th...

Acta Marisiensis - Seria Medica

Oral cancer is increasing in prevalence and its treatment is associated with high degree of morbi... more Oral cancer is increasing in prevalence and its treatment is associated with high degree of morbidity and mortality. Thus, prevention of oral cancer is of utmost importance. Chemoprevention is the use of natural, synthetic, or biologic compounds to halt, reverse, or prevent the initial phases of carcinogenesis or the progression of neoplastic cells to cancer. This modality has been extensively researched in the last two decades for the prevention of oral cancer with the emergence of new information. Retinoids were the first chemopreventive agents to be tested in clinical settings. Since then, a number of new agents such as COX2 inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, p53 targeted agents, thiazolidinediones and several natural agents have shown promise in oral cancer prevention. Chemopreventive trials in oral cancer tend to be long term studies and are thus challenging. This review article looks into the clinical evidence for the application of chemopreventive agents in clinical settings and al...

The Open Dentistry Journal

F1000Research

Introduction The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the morphological form of the maxillary ... more Introduction The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the morphological form of the maxillary first premolar using 2D geomorphometry and evaluate the sexually dimorphic characteristics. Methods The present study was carried out on standardized photographs of right Maxillary first premolar from 55 dental casts (33 male and 22 females). Nineteen landmarks (based on geometric and anatomic evidence) were marked on the tooth using TPSdig software and analysed using Morpho J applying procrustes analysis and discriminant function analysis Results The results showed similar centroid sizes between gender (p = 0.606). Procrustes ANOVA for shape analysis showed a greater dimorphism between sexs (f value of 1.4 ; p value=0.0624). Discriminant function analysis based on the procrustes coordinates showed an overall accuracy of 90.91 % in classifying sex based on the landmark coordinates with correct classification of 20/22 (90.99%) females and 30/33 (90.91) males. Conclusion Shape of the to...

The Internet Journal of Oncology, 2014

The cadherins comprise a family of Ca2+-dependant adhesion molecules that function to mediate the... more The cadherins comprise a family of Ca2+-dependant adhesion molecules that function to mediate the cell-to-cell binding that is critical to the maintenance of tissue structure and morphogenesis.The epithelial-mesenchymal transition or transformation (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion, and gain migratory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal cells.The term cadherin switching usually refers to a switch from expression of E-cadherin to expression of N-cadherin. Acquisition of mesenchymal markers in carcinoma cells, such as vimentin, N-cadherin, and fibronectin, with the concomitant loss of epithelial E-cadherin, a major constituent of the adherens junctions, in the processes of EMT. Cancer cells derived from epithelium like oral cancer,gastrointestinal cancer, Prostate cancer, breast cancer, Lung cancer and urinary system cancer, inappropriately express N-cadherin and the up regulation of N-cadherin expression has been sh...

The oral cavity is irradiated during radiation therapy of radio - sensitive oral malignant tumors... more The oral cavity is irradiated during radiation therapy of radio - sensitive oral malignant tumors. Radiation therapy for malignant lesions of the oral cavity is usually indicated when the lesion is advanced or deeply invasive and cannot be approached surgically. The major salivary glands are at times unavoidably exposed to 20 to 30 Gy during radiotherapy for cancer in oral cavity or oropharynx. The parenchymal component of the salivary glands is radiosensitive. A marked and progressive loss of salivary secretion is usually seen in the first few weeks after initiation of radiotherapy. Aim: Aim was to evaluate changes in parotid and submandibular salivary glands after radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies using ultrasonography Methods: Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed extra orally for bilateral parotid and submandibular salivary glands before radiotherapy and after completion of radiotherapy. Discussion: On ultrasonographic examination we observed decrease in size of sa...

The Permanente Journal, 2020

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are abnormalities affecting the temporomandibula... more Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are abnormalities affecting the temporomandibular joint, jaw muscles, or both. An intrinsic relationship reportedly exists between TMDs and psychosocial factors, including stress. Parafunctional habits such as bruxism and clenching are also known to be responsible for TMDs. Objective: To determine the association of anxiety, depression, and bruxism with TMD symptoms and their relationship with age and sex. Methods: Patients included in the study reported, as their chief concern, pain lasting for more than a week in the temporomandibular joint area and/or masticatory muscles. The patients were divided into age groups as follows: Younger than 20 years, 21 to 30 years, 31 to 40 years, 41 to 50 years, 51 to 60 years, and above 60 years. Patients were examined clinically and were asked to complete an anamnestic questionnaire (modified version of Helkimo Anamnestic Index) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Seventy-five patients (55 women, 20 men) were included in the study. The prevalence of TMDs was higher in female patients, of whom 33 (60%) had moderate to severe TMDs. Of the 20 male patients, 12 (60%) had signs and symptoms of moderate TMDs. Anxiety and depression scores were higher in female patients. No significant correlation was found between degree of malocclusion and TMDs. Discussion: We found correlations between the degree of TMD with age, sex, parafunctional habits, and psychosocial factors. Symptoms of TMD seemed to increase in patients with parafunctional habits, from younger to older age groups, and with increased anxiety and depression scores. Conclusion: The degree of TMDs is higher in women, and TMDs are associated with higher anxiety and depression scores. Correlation between these factors paves the way for preventive actions aimed at those with moderate and severe signs of TMDs.

World Journal of Dentistry, 2015

Objectives In order to facilitate and optimize learning process, there is need to evaluate prefer... more Objectives In order to facilitate and optimize learning process, there is need to evaluate preferred choice of teaching methods among dental students, especially in Indian scenario wherein lecturing remains the most commonly employed method of teaching. The aim of the present study was to assess and compare learning approaches among the male and female undergraduate dental students. Materials and methods The study was conducted among undergraduate dental students of Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Students belonging to the first 4 years of their professional dental education program were enrolled in the study. A structured, self-administered questionnaire comprising of nine multiple choice questions apart from the demographic details was employed to assess the dental student's preferences towards learning. Results A total of 100 dental students participated in the study. Majority of the respondents preferred lecture classes in...

Low CD4 counts is currently considered to be one of the main indicators of the progression of hum... more Low CD4 counts is currently considered to be one of the main indicators of the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced immune depression, but few studies have analyzed its relationship to the presence of oral cytological changes. The aim of this cross sectional study was to analyze the relationship between total CD4 lymphocyte count and the occurrence of cytological changes. The present cross-sectional study included 40 HIV infected patients seen at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. Oral smears were obtained from dorsum of the tongue and the buccal mucosa using tongue blade and smear was transferred on a glass slide and fixed. The samples were assessed for the presence or absence of cytological changes, and correlated it with their CD4 counts. The CD4 lymphocyte counts of each of the 40 cases was noted and categorized as those below 500 cells/mm 3 and above 500 cells/mm 3 . A total of 24 cases showed CD4 counts less than 500 cells. It was observed...

International Journal of Biomedical Research, 2013

Medical emergencies in a dental clinic can be alarming to any clinicianbut these situations becom... more Medical emergencies in a dental clinic can be alarming to any clinicianbut these situations become relatively less alarming with adequate precautions and necessary training. Serious medicalemergencies in dental practice are not common buta dentist must be equipped to handle such events. The aim of this study was to assess the preparedness of dental graduates in handlingmedical emergencies, their skills, competency and knowledge of appropriate use of emergency drugs and equipment ina dental setting.

Case Reports in Dentistry, 2021

Background. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a slow growing malignant tumor of min... more Background. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a slow growing malignant tumor of minor salivary glands and is generally of indolent nature. However, according to the most recent WHO Classification of Salivary Gland Tumors (2017), the cancer is classified as Polymorphous AdenoCarcinoma (PAC). PAC presents as a less aggressive tumor, though it could on rare occasions demonstrate distant metastasis. Case Presentation. A 47-year-old man who was referred by a private practitioner for a CBCT scan in reference to a proliferative soft-tissue growth in the hard palate. The growth was mild and tender and there was Grade III mobility in relation to all the maxillary teeth. Panoramic radiograph taken previously had revealed evidence of alveolar bone loss in relation to the maxillary teeth and was inconclusive of any other findings. The CBCT scan revealed evidence of moth-eaten appearance of maxilla with destruction of medial and lateral walls and floor of maxillary sinus. There was...

The Scientific World Journal

Background. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is a debilitating disease with high morbidity and morta... more Background. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is a debilitating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Depending on the site and extent of the involvement of the cancer and the type of treatment modality, these patients can develop pain, trismus, xerostomia, dysphagia, and taste disturbances, compromising them socially and nutritionally. The aim of the study was to evaluate malnutrition and quality of life in patients treated for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted which included 97 patients treated for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. The quality of life of the selected patients was assessed by using a validated European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality of Life Questionnaire, Head and Neck and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire. Pre- and posttreatment weight of the patients were assessed, and weight loss of ≥10% of pretreatment weight was considered as malnutrition. The chi-square test was used to ...

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging

Background The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is included in the category of ginglymoarthrodial sy... more Background The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is included in the category of ginglymoarthrodial synovial joints. The mandibular condyle plays a vital part in the development of the craniofacial complex. Hence, the evaluation and assessment of the condylar volume and its morphology are of utmost importance. Aim The aim of this research was to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging modality to evaluate the morphology of the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa in a selected population and document any morphometric changes. Setting and Design It is an observational study. Materials and Methods A retrospective CBCT analysis was performed on 119 patients. The length, width, height, linear measurements of the joint spaces (anterior, posterior, and superior), volume of the condyle, and roof of glenoid fossa thickness were evaluated on both the left and right sides in both males and females. Results The height, width, and length of mandibular condyle were significantly increased in...

SM Journal of Orthopedics

Intraosseous vascular lesions are rare conditions, comprising only 0.5% to 1% of all intraosseous... more Intraosseous vascular lesions are rare conditions, comprising only 0.5% to 1% of all intraosseous tumors. They mainly occur in the second decade of life especially in women. The most common location is vertebral column and skull, although rare instances of its occurrence in the mandible have also been reported. Central hemangioma of the mandible and maxilla is extremely rare. Although the mucosal and soft tissue lesions are readily suspected by their clinical appearance, the infrabony lesions may be difficult to distinguish visually. Clinically, the patient may be completely symptom-free or may present characteristic symptoms. The most frequent radiographic finding is a multilocular radiolucent image with honeycomb or soap bubble appearance. There are various therapeutic alternatives, although surgical excision remains as the gold standard. This article reports a case of a 17 year-old female who presented the clinical, radiological and histological features of intraosseous hemangioma involving mandible.

Pain Research and Management

Introduction. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a heterogeneous group of pathologies affecti... more Introduction. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a heterogeneous group of pathologies affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the jaw muscles, or both. Epidemiological studies of TMD reveal a prevalence of 82% in the general population with 48% of them presenting with clinical features of muscle tenderness and difficulty in mouth opening. TMD are considered to be the most common orofacial pain conditions of nondental origin. Methods. The patients with TMD were randomly divided into two groups, A and B, based on their VAS scale. Group A consists of two subgroups 1 and 2 each consisting of 15 patients. Group B consists of two subgroups 3 and 4 consisting of 15 patients. Patients in Group A were given TENS for twenty minutes, and the frequency is adjusted as follows: (i) subgroup 1: TENS frequency at a range of 0–5 (VAS measuring 1–5) and (ii) subgroup 2: TENS frequency at a range of 5 and above (VAS measuring 6–10). Patients in Group B were given MENS for twenty minutes, and ...

World Journal of Dentistry

Aim This study was designed to compare the efficiency of conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) with... more Aim This study was designed to compare the efficiency of conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) with panoramic radiography to discern external root resorption (ERR) in second molars. Materials and methods This was a retrospective study with a sample size of 50 participants who had a total of 120 impacted third molars visible on panoramic radiographs and CBCT images. The presence of ERR on the neighboring second molar was assessed and the position of impacted third molar was determined using Pell and Gregory classification. The ERR was registered according to Al-Khateeb and Bataineh's criteria. The location and severity were assessed by Ericson et al criteria, and grading of ERR was done as per the criteria given by Nemcovsky. Results The CBCT was able to locate and identify extremely large number of cases with ERR on second molars in comparison with the panoramic radiographs. Based on Pell and Gregory classification, position B was most common. The ERR on second molars was most com...

Acta Stomatologica Croatica

Challenges in Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: Cases Series Izazovi u ranoj dijagnostici oralnoga ... more Challenges in Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: Cases Series Izazovi u ranoj dijagnostici oralnoga karcinoma: opis slučajeva Uvod Oralni rak skvamoznih stanica (OKSS) šesti je najčešći karcinom s petogodišnjim preživljavanjem od samo 50 %. Stope morbiditeta i mortaliteta toga agresivnog stanja znatno se smanjuju u slučaju ranog dijagnosticiranja (1). Odgoda u postavljanju dijagnoze može biti u vezi s pacijentom (pacijentovo odgađanje), ili s kliničarem (profesionalna odgoda) (2). Iako je svijest pacijenta ključna za ranu dijagnozu OKSS-a, presudna je riječ kliničara. Klinički izgled OKSS-a obično je karakterističan i pomaže u ranom postavljanju dijagnoze. Iako se najčešće povezuje s poznatim rizičnim čimbenicima kao što je uživanje duhana, prije njih može se dogoditi neka potencijalna zloćudna promjena (1) koja može alarmirati kliničara. No, neki slučajevi mogu biti izazovni za dijagnosticiranje zbog neuobičajenog izgleda. U ovom radu opisana su tri takva slučaja. Prvi slučaj Tridesetogodišnja pacijentica bez loših navika došla je liječniku i požalila se na pečenje na lijevoj strani jezika koje traje već četiri godine. U anamnezi je navela i leziju u istom području koju je kirurški uklonio doktor dentalne medicine također prije četiri godine. Histopatološki je bila riječ o displastičnoj leziji. Nakon ekscizije područje je potpuno zacijeljelo, no katkad je osjećala blago pečenje. Iako nije mogla jasno opisati svoje simptome, pacijentica je navela promje-ACTA STOMATOLOGICA CROATICA

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, Jan 27, 2018

Background: It is acknowledged that the most effective means to contain the tobacco epidemic is t... more Background: It is acknowledged that the most effective means to contain the tobacco epidemic is to involve healthcare providers across various disciplines. The present study was undertaken to gain a comprehensive insight into various factors that determine the efficacy of multidisciplinary approaches in tobacco control. Methods: A cross sectional study design using a structured, pretested and self-administered questionnaire was employed in the present study, conducted among medical and dental interns and final year nursing students. Respondent demographics, knowledge, attitude, behaviour, perceived effectiveness and barriers, and willingness to participate in tobacco cessation were assessed. Results: A total of 268 subjects participated, with mean knowledge, attitude, behaviour, perceived effectiveness and barrier scores of 69. 7%, 89.0%, 72.0%, 80.6% and 88.6% respectively. There were significant differences among the mean scores of the study domains across the 3 disciplines. The m...