Justin Stanek - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Justin Stanek

Athletic Training Education Journal, 2015

ContextAdmission decisions are made annually concerning whom to accept into athletic training pro... more ContextAdmission decisions are made annually concerning whom to accept into athletic training programs.ObjectiveTo present an approach used to make admissions decisions at an undergraduate athletic training program and to corroborate this information by comparing each aspect to nursing program admission processes.BackgroundAnnually, athletic training students are accepted into athletic training programs based on a variety of criteria. Little is known concerning what criteria are useful when making these decisions. The goal is to admit students who will successfully matriculate through the program and become athletic trainers with state-specified credentials for practice.SynthesisWe present an application process that uses both subjective and objective measures, including an application form, achievement in prerequisite course work, grade point average, directed observation with preceptor evaluation, essay, admittance exam, interview, and letters of recommendation. This approach was ...

Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology

Ankle taping and bracing is commonly used in athletics and both have been shown to be effective i... more Ankle taping and bracing is commonly used in athletics and both have been shown to be effective in reducing injury. Ankle proprioception has been shown to increase with external support due to the activation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors, however, the sensorimotor effect has not been studied Electromechanical delay (EMD) is defined as the time lag from the onset of electrical activity in the muscle to the subsequent mechanical response. The purpose of this investigation was to measure and compare the EMD of the peroneus longus muscle during ankle unsupported, braced, and taped conditions. Thirty-one (10 male, 21female) healthy, college-aged subjects participated in the study (age: 20.9 +/- 1.8 years, mass 70.3 +/- 15.8 kg, height 171.1 +/- 9.6 cm). Each subject was assigned a random order for the three external support conditions. The subject was positioned on a force platform and instructed to actively evert the ankle. We examined the time lag between the onset of electrical activi...

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2019

Background: The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is a popular assessment tool used... more Background: The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is a popular assessment tool used to observe and detect components of dysfunctional movement patterns. The goal of the assessment is to identify impairments throughout the kinetic chain that may be contributing to movement dysfunction and/or pain. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the intra-and inter-rater reliability of the 10 top-tier movements of the SFMA using the categorical scoring system. It was hypothesized the intra-and inter-rater reliability of the SFMA would be acceptable with variations based on the objectivity of the scoring criteria and the experience of the rater.

Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 2021

The coupled motions of tibial internal rotation (T-IR) and ankle dorsiflexion (DF) are necessary ... more The coupled motions of tibial internal rotation (T-IR) and ankle dorsiflexion (DF) are necessary for proper lower-limb function. Anecdotally, clinicians have been performing techniques to restore T-IR to improve ankle DF, however, no evidence exists to support their efficacy. Therefore, the two objectives were to: (a) determine the effectiveness of a manual therapy technique for improving T-IR range of motion (ROM) and (b) Examine the relationship between ankle DF and T-IR ROM. Twenty-four participants qualified to participate and were randomly allocated to either the control (n= 12) or manual therapy (n= 12) group. Closed-chain ankle DF and T-IR ROM were assessed at baseline and immediately posttreatment. Control group participants sat quietly for 5 minutes. The experimental group performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of a manual therapy, mobilization with movement technique. With the patient in a kneeling lunge position, the examiner wrapped an elastic band around the tibia and fibula and was instructed to lunge forward while the examiner simultaneously manually internally rotated the lower leg. T-IR ROM significantly increased following the intervention for the manual therapy group when compared to the control group. There were no significant changes in standing or kneeling DF ROM. No significant correlation was found between T-IR and both standing and kneeling DF ROM. A single mobilization with movement treatment is effective for improving tibial IR ROM in the short-term compared to no treatment. However, active tibial IR and end-range dorsiflexion range of motion do not appear to be correlated based on these methods.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2021

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2021

Context: Limited dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) is commonly observed in both the athleti... more Context: Limited dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) is commonly observed in both the athletic and general populations and is a predisposing factor for lower extremity injury. Graston Technique® (GT) is a form of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), used commonly to increase ROM. Evidence of the long-term effects of GT on ROM is lacking, particularly comparing the full GT protocol versus IASTM alone. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of 6 sessions of the GT or IASTM compared with a control (CON) group for increasing closed-chain DF ROM. Design: Cohort design with randomization. Setting: Athletic training clinic. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 23 physically active participants (37 limbs) with <34° of DF. Participants’ limbs were randomly allocated to the GT, IASTM, or CON group. Intervention: Participants’ closed-chain DF ROM (standing and kneeling) were assessed at baseline and 24–48 hours following their sixth treatment. Participants in th...

International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training, 2020

Rotational motion at the tibia is important for proper lower extremity function, however, normati... more Rotational motion at the tibia is important for proper lower extremity function, however, normative values vary, and the motion is seldom assessed. Clinicians are increasingly using smartphones for assessing range of motion. The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability of the embedded iPhone 6 compass app and universal goniometer for measuring tibial rotation range of motion. Secondarily, the purpose was to compare readings for the devices. Both devices demonstrated excellent reliability despite systematic bias between the two devices. Assessing tibial rotation with a goniometer results in greater values of motion when compared to using the smartphone compass app. Some of the differences in normative values may be the device or measurement technique utilized. These results show tibial rotation can be reliably assessed with either a smartphone or goniometer, however, the deviations between the two devices may require a scaling factor to be developed for between-instrument c...

International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2020

Background/aims Restricted ankle dorsiflexion has the potential to cause acute and chronic injuri... more Background/aims Restricted ankle dorsiflexion has the potential to cause acute and chronic injuries. One method for increasing dorsiflexion range of motion is the application of joint mobilisation with movement. An alternative to clinician-applied mobilisation with movement is self-applied mobilisation with movement; however, this technique has not been previously studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-applied and clinician-applied mobilisation with movement technique for improving dorsiflexion range of motion in participants with ≤34° of dorsiflexion. Methods A total of 42 typically healthy participants qualified and were randomly assigned to the control, self-applied, or clinician-applied mobilisation with movement group. Closed chain ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed using a modified weight-bearing lunge test. Results Both mobilisation groups showed significant increases in standing and kneeling dorsiflexion range of motion wh...

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2018

Previous research has reported decreased physical activity levels in those with Chronic Ankle Ins... more Previous research has reported decreased physical activity levels in those with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). The impact of this decrease in physical activity is known in CAI subjects. PURPOSE: To measure VO 2 max in those with CAI compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS: Sixteen subjects participated in the study. Eight subjects with CAI were matched by age (22.4±2.8 yr and 22.3±3.0 yr, respectively), height (165.3±8.5 cm and 167.8±8.2 cm), weight (68.5±8.2 kg and 65.5±8.2 cm) and gender (five females and 3 males / group), to subjects with no history of ankle injury. All subjects reported to the Health Risk Assessment lab for one session. Subjects completed the foot and ankle disability measure (FAAM and FAAM sport) and the NASA physical activity questionnaire. After the preliminary measurements, the subjects performed a treadmill maximal exercise test. Heart rate was monitored by ECG, while oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were monitored using standard techniques. Every minute of the test the subjects rated their effort of exertion using the Borg RPE scale (a 6 to 20 scale). For the treadmill test we used a two-minute progressive test until volitional exertion was attained. RESULTS: No differences were observed between groups for age (p=0.93), height (p=0.56), and weight (p=0.48). VO 2 max (ml/kg.min) was significantly different between Injured and Control groups (p=0.0005; 32.5±5.1 and 50.5±10.0, respectively). Time to maximal exercise test completion (p=0.26), maximal RER (p=0.57), and VEmax (p=0.44) were not different between groups. Although maximal HR (p=0.30) and peak RPE (p=0.13) were not different between groups, resting HR was observed to be different between the Injured and Control groups (p=0.0078; 75.2±11.7bpm and 58.9±7.5bpm, respectively). FAAM (p<0.0001), FAAM Sport (p<0.0001) and NASA (p<0.0001) were all observed to indicate differing activity levels between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest one's physical fitness level, as assessed by VO 2 max, and resting HR differs in college-aged subjects with CAI, suggesting the reoccurrence of this musculoskeletal injury at a young age is serious enough to reduce physical activity levels and result in decreased fitness levels. (No relevant relationships reported) OBJECTIVES: We aimed to measure resource utilisation at the largest international aquatic sporting event in the hemisphere. We also aimed to measure epidemiological data including the type, location, sporting discipline and outcomes of medical contacts during the event.

Journal of Athletic Training, 2018

Context: Restricted dorsiflexion (DF) at the ankle joint can cause acute and chronic injuries at... more Context: Restricted dorsiflexion (DF) at the ankle joint can cause acute and chronic injuries at the ankle and knee. Myofascial release and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) techniques have been used to increase range of motion (ROM); however, evidence directly comparing their effectiveness is limited. Objective: To compare the effects of a single session of compressive myofascial release (CMR) or IASTM using the Graston Technique (GT) on closed chain ankle-DF ROM. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants were 44 physically active people (53 limbs) with less than 30° of DF. Intervention(s): Limbs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control, CMR, or GT. Both treatment groups received one 5-minute treatment that included scanning the area and treating specific restrictions. The control group sat for 5 minutes before measurements were retaken. Main Outcome Measure(s): Standing and kneeling ankl...

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2019

Context: The influence of custom and over-the-counter foot orthoses on dynamic balance has been i... more Context: The influence of custom and over-the-counter foot orthoses on dynamic balance has been investigated in the past. However, there has not been an exploration of the use of a foot-toe orthosis for improving balance. The ability of clinicians to influence balance could have important implications for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Objective: To determine the impact of a foot-toe orthosis on dynamic balance in healthy, young adults. Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: Athletic training laboratory. Participants: In total, 64 healthy, recreationally active participants aged 18–29 years were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: the foot-toe orthosis and laboratory-issued shoe group, the laboratory-issued shoe only (SO) group, or the control group. Interventions: Subjects in the intervention group wore the foot-toe orthosis and laboratory-issued shoe with activities of daily living for 4 weeks. Subjects in the SO intervention group wore the laboratory-iss...

Journal of Athletic Training, 2018

Context: Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in the physically active population. ... more Context: Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in the physically active population. Previous researchers have shown that supporting the ankle with taping or bracing is effective in preventing ankle sprains. However, no authors have compared the effects of self-adherent tape and lace-up ankle braces on ankle range of motion (ROM) and dynamic balance in collegiate football players. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of self-adherent tape and lace-up ankle braces in reducing ankle ROM and improving dynamic balance before and after a typical collegiate football practice. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Collegiate athletic training room. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-nine National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athletes (age = 19.2 ± 1.14 years, height = 187.52 ± 20.54 cm, mass = 106.44 ± 20.54 kg). Intervention(s): Each participant wore each prophylactic ankle support during a single practice, self-adherent tape on 1 leg and lace-up...

International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training, 2018

Functional screening tools are popular to help determine deficiencies in mobility or stability. T... more Functional screening tools are popular to help determine deficiencies in mobility or stability. The Functional Movement Screen® (FMS) is commonly used, however, the instructions fail to indicate if...

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2019

Megan Battles, Rachel Bowden, Cameron Greene, Justin Stanek, Arbin Thapaliya, Jeffrey Williams 1 ... more Megan Battles, Rachel Bowden, Cameron Greene, Justin Stanek, Arbin Thapaliya, Jeffrey Williams 1 Franklin College, Franklin, IN 2 Illinois State University, Normal, IL Muscular adaptations in the upper limb from training are associated with hypertrophy, inflexibility, and diminished vascular perfusion. Despite these findings in upper extremity athletes, no studies have examined the relationship between peripheral vascular adaptations and muscle flexibility in the lower legs of runners. Through a better understanding of blood flow and muscle flexibility adaptations, clinicians can more accurately assess and treat running injuries. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between blood flow in the posterior tibial artery and sagittal plane ankle range of motion (ROM) among a sample of collegiate runners. METHODS: Blood flow in the posterior tibial artery and sagittal plane ankle ROM were measured bilaterally on 25, asymptomatic collegiate track athletes (16 males, 9 females, age = 20.0 ± 1.2 years, height = 171.5 ± 10.2 cm, mass = 66.7 ± 13.7 kg). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between blood flow in the posterior tibial artery and ROM of the talocrural joint. RESULTS: Findings revealed no significant relationship between blood flow in the dominant leg’s posterior tibial artery and dorsiflexion (r = .14, P = .52) or plantarflexion (r = -.32, P = .12) and no significant relationship between blood flow in the non-dominant leg’s posterior tibial artery and dorsiflexion (r = -.02, P = .93) or plantarflexion (r = -.02, P = .92). CONCLUSION: Although muscle inflexibility contributes to compromised blood flow in other body regions, findings of this study demonstrated no relationship between flexibility of the plantarflexor muscles and blood flow in the posterior tibial arteries of competitive runners. Future research should continue examining blood flow in the lower limb as one, among many, physical adaptations runners may experience from training.

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2013

Clinical Scenario:Plantar fasciitis is a debilitating and painful problem present in the general ... more Clinical Scenario:Plantar fasciitis is a debilitating and painful problem present in the general population. It most often presents with moderate to severe pain in the proximal inferior heel region and is most commonly associated with repeated trauma to the plantar fascia. Plantar fasciitis, itself, is an injury at the site of attachment at the medial tubercle of the calcaneus, often due to excessive and repetitive traction. Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain and is estimated to affect 2 million people in the United States alone.Focused Clinical Question:For adults suffering from plantar fasciitis, are foot orthoses a viable treatment option to reduce pain?

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2017

Clinical Scenario:The popularity of compression socks has increased substantially among athletes,... more Clinical Scenario:The popularity of compression socks has increased substantially among athletes, particularly those participating in endurance events such as running and triathlon. Companies are increasingly marketing compression stockings to runners, triathletes, and other endurance athletes for the benefits of improved performance and/or decreased recovery time. Originally developed for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, compression socks are now marketed as a tool to improve venous return, thus believed to improve both performance and recovery in athletes. The use of compression socks during training aims to help the skeletal-muscle pump, increase deep venous velocity, and/or decrease blood pooling in the calf veins and alleviate delayed-onset muscle soreness. The scenario is a 28-y-old recreational triathlete seeking your advice while training for her first half-Ironman. She occasionally complains of tightness in the calves both during and after running. She wants your opin...

Journal of sport rehabilitation, Jan 9, 2017

Clinical Scenario: Stretching is applied for the purposes of injury prevention, increasing joint ... more Clinical Scenario: Stretching is applied for the purposes of injury prevention, increasing joint range of motion (ROM), and increasing muscle extensibility. Many researchers have investigated various methods and techniques to determine the most effective way to increase joint ROM and muscle extensibility. Despite the numerous studies conducted, controversy still remains within clinical practice and the literature regarding the best methods and techniques for stretching. Focused Clinical Question: Is proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching more effective than static stretching for increasing hamstring muscle extensibility through increased hip ROM or increased knee extension angle (KEA) in a physically active population? Summary of Key Findings: Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. All 5 studies were randomized control trials examining mobility of the hamstring group. The studies measured hamstring ROM in a variety of ways. Three studies measured active KEA, 1 study measured passive KEA, and 1 study measured hip ROM via the single-leg raise test. Of the 5 studies, 1 study found greater improvements using PNF over static stretching for increasing hip flexion, and the remaining 4 studies found no significant difference between PNF stretching and static stretching in increasing muscle extensibility, active KEA, or hip ROM. Clinical Bottom Line: PNF stretching was not demonstrated to be more effective at increasing hamstring extensibility compared to static stretching. The literature reviewed suggests both are effective methods for increasing hip-flexion ROM. Strength of Recommendation: Using level 2 evidence and higher, the results show both static and PNF stretching effectively increase ROM; however, one does not appear to be more effective than the other.

Work (Reading, Mass.), Jan 20, 2017

Firefighting is a dangerous occupation that requires adequate functional movement patterns to hel... more Firefighting is a dangerous occupation that requires adequate functional movement patterns to help reduce injury risk. Structured programs for improving movement quality have not been studied in firefighters. To examine the effects of an 8-week individualized corrective exercise training program on Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in active duty firefighters. Fifty-six male firefighters volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects completed baseline FMS testing and scores were entered into the FMS Pro360 system, subscription-based software which generates an individualized corrective exercise workout based on each independent test score. Two, 4-week corrective exercise programs were generated for each participant based on baseline testing. Following the 8-weeks, participants completed follow-up FMS testing. A significant increase in total FMS score (pre = 12.09±2.75, post = 13.66±2.28) was found after the program. A significant increase in stability (pre = 4.13±1.21,...

Athletic Training Education Journal, 2015

ContextAdmission decisions are made annually concerning whom to accept into athletic training pro... more ContextAdmission decisions are made annually concerning whom to accept into athletic training programs.ObjectiveTo present an approach used to make admissions decisions at an undergraduate athletic training program and to corroborate this information by comparing each aspect to nursing program admission processes.BackgroundAnnually, athletic training students are accepted into athletic training programs based on a variety of criteria. Little is known concerning what criteria are useful when making these decisions. The goal is to admit students who will successfully matriculate through the program and become athletic trainers with state-specified credentials for practice.SynthesisWe present an application process that uses both subjective and objective measures, including an application form, achievement in prerequisite course work, grade point average, directed observation with preceptor evaluation, essay, admittance exam, interview, and letters of recommendation. This approach was ...

Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology

Ankle taping and bracing is commonly used in athletics and both have been shown to be effective i... more Ankle taping and bracing is commonly used in athletics and both have been shown to be effective in reducing injury. Ankle proprioception has been shown to increase with external support due to the activation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors, however, the sensorimotor effect has not been studied Electromechanical delay (EMD) is defined as the time lag from the onset of electrical activity in the muscle to the subsequent mechanical response. The purpose of this investigation was to measure and compare the EMD of the peroneus longus muscle during ankle unsupported, braced, and taped conditions. Thirty-one (10 male, 21female) healthy, college-aged subjects participated in the study (age: 20.9 +/- 1.8 years, mass 70.3 +/- 15.8 kg, height 171.1 +/- 9.6 cm). Each subject was assigned a random order for the three external support conditions. The subject was positioned on a force platform and instructed to actively evert the ankle. We examined the time lag between the onset of electrical activi...

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2019

Background: The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is a popular assessment tool used... more Background: The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is a popular assessment tool used to observe and detect components of dysfunctional movement patterns. The goal of the assessment is to identify impairments throughout the kinetic chain that may be contributing to movement dysfunction and/or pain. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the intra-and inter-rater reliability of the 10 top-tier movements of the SFMA using the categorical scoring system. It was hypothesized the intra-and inter-rater reliability of the SFMA would be acceptable with variations based on the objectivity of the scoring criteria and the experience of the rater.

Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 2021

The coupled motions of tibial internal rotation (T-IR) and ankle dorsiflexion (DF) are necessary ... more The coupled motions of tibial internal rotation (T-IR) and ankle dorsiflexion (DF) are necessary for proper lower-limb function. Anecdotally, clinicians have been performing techniques to restore T-IR to improve ankle DF, however, no evidence exists to support their efficacy. Therefore, the two objectives were to: (a) determine the effectiveness of a manual therapy technique for improving T-IR range of motion (ROM) and (b) Examine the relationship between ankle DF and T-IR ROM. Twenty-four participants qualified to participate and were randomly allocated to either the control (n= 12) or manual therapy (n= 12) group. Closed-chain ankle DF and T-IR ROM were assessed at baseline and immediately posttreatment. Control group participants sat quietly for 5 minutes. The experimental group performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of a manual therapy, mobilization with movement technique. With the patient in a kneeling lunge position, the examiner wrapped an elastic band around the tibia and fibula and was instructed to lunge forward while the examiner simultaneously manually internally rotated the lower leg. T-IR ROM significantly increased following the intervention for the manual therapy group when compared to the control group. There were no significant changes in standing or kneeling DF ROM. No significant correlation was found between T-IR and both standing and kneeling DF ROM. A single mobilization with movement treatment is effective for improving tibial IR ROM in the short-term compared to no treatment. However, active tibial IR and end-range dorsiflexion range of motion do not appear to be correlated based on these methods.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2021

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2021

Context: Limited dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) is commonly observed in both the athleti... more Context: Limited dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) is commonly observed in both the athletic and general populations and is a predisposing factor for lower extremity injury. Graston Technique® (GT) is a form of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), used commonly to increase ROM. Evidence of the long-term effects of GT on ROM is lacking, particularly comparing the full GT protocol versus IASTM alone. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of 6 sessions of the GT or IASTM compared with a control (CON) group for increasing closed-chain DF ROM. Design: Cohort design with randomization. Setting: Athletic training clinic. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 23 physically active participants (37 limbs) with <34° of DF. Participants’ limbs were randomly allocated to the GT, IASTM, or CON group. Intervention: Participants’ closed-chain DF ROM (standing and kneeling) were assessed at baseline and 24–48 hours following their sixth treatment. Participants in th...

International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training, 2020

Rotational motion at the tibia is important for proper lower extremity function, however, normati... more Rotational motion at the tibia is important for proper lower extremity function, however, normative values vary, and the motion is seldom assessed. Clinicians are increasingly using smartphones for assessing range of motion. The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability of the embedded iPhone 6 compass app and universal goniometer for measuring tibial rotation range of motion. Secondarily, the purpose was to compare readings for the devices. Both devices demonstrated excellent reliability despite systematic bias between the two devices. Assessing tibial rotation with a goniometer results in greater values of motion when compared to using the smartphone compass app. Some of the differences in normative values may be the device or measurement technique utilized. These results show tibial rotation can be reliably assessed with either a smartphone or goniometer, however, the deviations between the two devices may require a scaling factor to be developed for between-instrument c...

International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2020

Background/aims Restricted ankle dorsiflexion has the potential to cause acute and chronic injuri... more Background/aims Restricted ankle dorsiflexion has the potential to cause acute and chronic injuries. One method for increasing dorsiflexion range of motion is the application of joint mobilisation with movement. An alternative to clinician-applied mobilisation with movement is self-applied mobilisation with movement; however, this technique has not been previously studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-applied and clinician-applied mobilisation with movement technique for improving dorsiflexion range of motion in participants with ≤34° of dorsiflexion. Methods A total of 42 typically healthy participants qualified and were randomly assigned to the control, self-applied, or clinician-applied mobilisation with movement group. Closed chain ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed using a modified weight-bearing lunge test. Results Both mobilisation groups showed significant increases in standing and kneeling dorsiflexion range of motion wh...

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2018

Previous research has reported decreased physical activity levels in those with Chronic Ankle Ins... more Previous research has reported decreased physical activity levels in those with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). The impact of this decrease in physical activity is known in CAI subjects. PURPOSE: To measure VO 2 max in those with CAI compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS: Sixteen subjects participated in the study. Eight subjects with CAI were matched by age (22.4±2.8 yr and 22.3±3.0 yr, respectively), height (165.3±8.5 cm and 167.8±8.2 cm), weight (68.5±8.2 kg and 65.5±8.2 cm) and gender (five females and 3 males / group), to subjects with no history of ankle injury. All subjects reported to the Health Risk Assessment lab for one session. Subjects completed the foot and ankle disability measure (FAAM and FAAM sport) and the NASA physical activity questionnaire. After the preliminary measurements, the subjects performed a treadmill maximal exercise test. Heart rate was monitored by ECG, while oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were monitored using standard techniques. Every minute of the test the subjects rated their effort of exertion using the Borg RPE scale (a 6 to 20 scale). For the treadmill test we used a two-minute progressive test until volitional exertion was attained. RESULTS: No differences were observed between groups for age (p=0.93), height (p=0.56), and weight (p=0.48). VO 2 max (ml/kg.min) was significantly different between Injured and Control groups (p=0.0005; 32.5±5.1 and 50.5±10.0, respectively). Time to maximal exercise test completion (p=0.26), maximal RER (p=0.57), and VEmax (p=0.44) were not different between groups. Although maximal HR (p=0.30) and peak RPE (p=0.13) were not different between groups, resting HR was observed to be different between the Injured and Control groups (p=0.0078; 75.2±11.7bpm and 58.9±7.5bpm, respectively). FAAM (p<0.0001), FAAM Sport (p<0.0001) and NASA (p<0.0001) were all observed to indicate differing activity levels between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest one's physical fitness level, as assessed by VO 2 max, and resting HR differs in college-aged subjects with CAI, suggesting the reoccurrence of this musculoskeletal injury at a young age is serious enough to reduce physical activity levels and result in decreased fitness levels. (No relevant relationships reported) OBJECTIVES: We aimed to measure resource utilisation at the largest international aquatic sporting event in the hemisphere. We also aimed to measure epidemiological data including the type, location, sporting discipline and outcomes of medical contacts during the event.

Journal of Athletic Training, 2018

Context: Restricted dorsiflexion (DF) at the ankle joint can cause acute and chronic injuries at... more Context: Restricted dorsiflexion (DF) at the ankle joint can cause acute and chronic injuries at the ankle and knee. Myofascial release and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) techniques have been used to increase range of motion (ROM); however, evidence directly comparing their effectiveness is limited. Objective: To compare the effects of a single session of compressive myofascial release (CMR) or IASTM using the Graston Technique (GT) on closed chain ankle-DF ROM. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants were 44 physically active people (53 limbs) with less than 30° of DF. Intervention(s): Limbs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control, CMR, or GT. Both treatment groups received one 5-minute treatment that included scanning the area and treating specific restrictions. The control group sat for 5 minutes before measurements were retaken. Main Outcome Measure(s): Standing and kneeling ankl...

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2019

Context: The influence of custom and over-the-counter foot orthoses on dynamic balance has been i... more Context: The influence of custom and over-the-counter foot orthoses on dynamic balance has been investigated in the past. However, there has not been an exploration of the use of a foot-toe orthosis for improving balance. The ability of clinicians to influence balance could have important implications for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Objective: To determine the impact of a foot-toe orthosis on dynamic balance in healthy, young adults. Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: Athletic training laboratory. Participants: In total, 64 healthy, recreationally active participants aged 18–29 years were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: the foot-toe orthosis and laboratory-issued shoe group, the laboratory-issued shoe only (SO) group, or the control group. Interventions: Subjects in the intervention group wore the foot-toe orthosis and laboratory-issued shoe with activities of daily living for 4 weeks. Subjects in the SO intervention group wore the laboratory-iss...

Journal of Athletic Training, 2018

Context: Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in the physically active population. ... more Context: Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in the physically active population. Previous researchers have shown that supporting the ankle with taping or bracing is effective in preventing ankle sprains. However, no authors have compared the effects of self-adherent tape and lace-up ankle braces on ankle range of motion (ROM) and dynamic balance in collegiate football players. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of self-adherent tape and lace-up ankle braces in reducing ankle ROM and improving dynamic balance before and after a typical collegiate football practice. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Collegiate athletic training room. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-nine National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athletes (age = 19.2 ± 1.14 years, height = 187.52 ± 20.54 cm, mass = 106.44 ± 20.54 kg). Intervention(s): Each participant wore each prophylactic ankle support during a single practice, self-adherent tape on 1 leg and lace-up...

International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training, 2018

Functional screening tools are popular to help determine deficiencies in mobility or stability. T... more Functional screening tools are popular to help determine deficiencies in mobility or stability. The Functional Movement Screen® (FMS) is commonly used, however, the instructions fail to indicate if...

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2019

Megan Battles, Rachel Bowden, Cameron Greene, Justin Stanek, Arbin Thapaliya, Jeffrey Williams 1 ... more Megan Battles, Rachel Bowden, Cameron Greene, Justin Stanek, Arbin Thapaliya, Jeffrey Williams 1 Franklin College, Franklin, IN 2 Illinois State University, Normal, IL Muscular adaptations in the upper limb from training are associated with hypertrophy, inflexibility, and diminished vascular perfusion. Despite these findings in upper extremity athletes, no studies have examined the relationship between peripheral vascular adaptations and muscle flexibility in the lower legs of runners. Through a better understanding of blood flow and muscle flexibility adaptations, clinicians can more accurately assess and treat running injuries. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between blood flow in the posterior tibial artery and sagittal plane ankle range of motion (ROM) among a sample of collegiate runners. METHODS: Blood flow in the posterior tibial artery and sagittal plane ankle ROM were measured bilaterally on 25, asymptomatic collegiate track athletes (16 males, 9 females, age = 20.0 ± 1.2 years, height = 171.5 ± 10.2 cm, mass = 66.7 ± 13.7 kg). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between blood flow in the posterior tibial artery and ROM of the talocrural joint. RESULTS: Findings revealed no significant relationship between blood flow in the dominant leg’s posterior tibial artery and dorsiflexion (r = .14, P = .52) or plantarflexion (r = -.32, P = .12) and no significant relationship between blood flow in the non-dominant leg’s posterior tibial artery and dorsiflexion (r = -.02, P = .93) or plantarflexion (r = -.02, P = .92). CONCLUSION: Although muscle inflexibility contributes to compromised blood flow in other body regions, findings of this study demonstrated no relationship between flexibility of the plantarflexor muscles and blood flow in the posterior tibial arteries of competitive runners. Future research should continue examining blood flow in the lower limb as one, among many, physical adaptations runners may experience from training.

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2013

Clinical Scenario:Plantar fasciitis is a debilitating and painful problem present in the general ... more Clinical Scenario:Plantar fasciitis is a debilitating and painful problem present in the general population. It most often presents with moderate to severe pain in the proximal inferior heel region and is most commonly associated with repeated trauma to the plantar fascia. Plantar fasciitis, itself, is an injury at the site of attachment at the medial tubercle of the calcaneus, often due to excessive and repetitive traction. Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain and is estimated to affect 2 million people in the United States alone.Focused Clinical Question:For adults suffering from plantar fasciitis, are foot orthoses a viable treatment option to reduce pain?

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2017

Clinical Scenario:The popularity of compression socks has increased substantially among athletes,... more Clinical Scenario:The popularity of compression socks has increased substantially among athletes, particularly those participating in endurance events such as running and triathlon. Companies are increasingly marketing compression stockings to runners, triathletes, and other endurance athletes for the benefits of improved performance and/or decreased recovery time. Originally developed for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, compression socks are now marketed as a tool to improve venous return, thus believed to improve both performance and recovery in athletes. The use of compression socks during training aims to help the skeletal-muscle pump, increase deep venous velocity, and/or decrease blood pooling in the calf veins and alleviate delayed-onset muscle soreness. The scenario is a 28-y-old recreational triathlete seeking your advice while training for her first half-Ironman. She occasionally complains of tightness in the calves both during and after running. She wants your opin...

Journal of sport rehabilitation, Jan 9, 2017

Clinical Scenario: Stretching is applied for the purposes of injury prevention, increasing joint ... more Clinical Scenario: Stretching is applied for the purposes of injury prevention, increasing joint range of motion (ROM), and increasing muscle extensibility. Many researchers have investigated various methods and techniques to determine the most effective way to increase joint ROM and muscle extensibility. Despite the numerous studies conducted, controversy still remains within clinical practice and the literature regarding the best methods and techniques for stretching. Focused Clinical Question: Is proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching more effective than static stretching for increasing hamstring muscle extensibility through increased hip ROM or increased knee extension angle (KEA) in a physically active population? Summary of Key Findings: Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. All 5 studies were randomized control trials examining mobility of the hamstring group. The studies measured hamstring ROM in a variety of ways. Three studies measured active KEA, 1 study measured passive KEA, and 1 study measured hip ROM via the single-leg raise test. Of the 5 studies, 1 study found greater improvements using PNF over static stretching for increasing hip flexion, and the remaining 4 studies found no significant difference between PNF stretching and static stretching in increasing muscle extensibility, active KEA, or hip ROM. Clinical Bottom Line: PNF stretching was not demonstrated to be more effective at increasing hamstring extensibility compared to static stretching. The literature reviewed suggests both are effective methods for increasing hip-flexion ROM. Strength of Recommendation: Using level 2 evidence and higher, the results show both static and PNF stretching effectively increase ROM; however, one does not appear to be more effective than the other.

Work (Reading, Mass.), Jan 20, 2017

Firefighting is a dangerous occupation that requires adequate functional movement patterns to hel... more Firefighting is a dangerous occupation that requires adequate functional movement patterns to help reduce injury risk. Structured programs for improving movement quality have not been studied in firefighters. To examine the effects of an 8-week individualized corrective exercise training program on Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in active duty firefighters. Fifty-six male firefighters volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects completed baseline FMS testing and scores were entered into the FMS Pro360 system, subscription-based software which generates an individualized corrective exercise workout based on each independent test score. Two, 4-week corrective exercise programs were generated for each participant based on baseline testing. Following the 8-weeks, participants completed follow-up FMS testing. A significant increase in total FMS score (pre = 12.09±2.75, post = 13.66±2.28) was found after the program. A significant increase in stability (pre = 4.13±1.21,...