KAISAR AHMED - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by KAISAR AHMED

Heart India, 2020

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common fetal congenital defects, and un... more Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common fetal congenital defects, and until nowadays, most of them are bypassed without prenatal diagnosis. In this study, we found the incidence of fetal CHD in high-risk mothers, various indications of fetal echocardiography (FE), and their postnatal outcome in developing nation with limited resources. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 cases of antenatal mothers, who are having risk factors such as abnormal obstetric screening, diabetes mellitus, and family history, are included in the study group. The FE was done for pregnant mothers between the age groups of 20 and 40 years at different gestational ages after 20 weeks of pregnancy in the Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics, GMC, Srinagar, between January 2016 and January 2018. Results: The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.63 ± 4.3 weeks. The mean age of mothers at diagnosis was 29.99 ± 3.6 years. We identified indications for FE in 106 cases. The most common indication was abnormal cardiac findings in obstetrical screening sonography (30.18%). Among the 106 FE results, 80 (75.47%) were normal, eight (7.54%) were minor abnormalities, three (2.8%) were significant cardiac anomalies, eight (7.5%) were complex cardiac anomalies, and 60.7 (6.6%) were arrhythmias. The most common CHD was hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n = 4). Ninety-one neonates were examined by postnatal echo. We analyzed differences between FE and postnatal echo. There were minor differences in nine cases (9.89%) and major in only two (2.19%) cases. Transplacental fetal therapy was given in four cases. Two cases had fetal tachycardia that was reverted to sinus rhythm and two cases had complete heart block in which heart block persisted despite transplacental therapy. Conclusion: FE is a very useful tool for prenatal diagnosis of CHD. It has proven itself in the diagnosis and management of fetal arrhythmia, even in developing countries with limited resources.

Pooja Bharti, Mumta Chauhan, Kaisar Ahmed. Comparison of rectal, infra red tympanic and infra red... more Pooja Bharti, Mumta Chauhan, Kaisar Ahmed. Comparison of rectal, infra red tympanic and infra red skin temperature in term neonates.. Comparison of rectal, infra red tympanic and infra red skin temperature in term neonates. IAIM, 2017; 4(3): 43-49. Abstract Background: The measurement of body temperature is an important parameter in neonatal care as it is useful in the assessment of clinical state and necessary for the provision of appropriate nursing support. Hypothermia is one of the important risk factor in causing death in newborns of all weight and gestational age groups. Aim and objectives: To compare rectal, infra red tympanic and infra red skin temperature in term neonates and to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of these non invasive thermometers in term neonates. Materials and methods: It was a Hospital based prospective, non randomized study conducted at Department of Pediatrics in G.B Pant Hospital (neonatology section) an associated Hospital of GMC Srinagar. This st...

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

Introduction: Admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with a Staphylococcus aureus (S... more Introduction: Admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with a Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infection is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. There is paucity of data about epidemiology of SA infection in a PICU. This study was aimed at elucidating the clinicoepidemiological profile and outcome of children admitted to ICU with S. aureus infection. Methods: This study was carried out in a PICU at a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Children admitted with culture positive S. aureus infection were enrolled in this study. Children suspected of having S. aureus infection on clinical grounds only without a positive culture were excluded from the study. Baseline characteristics of the subjects were recorded on admission and daily follow up maintained till death or discharge from PICU. The course during PICU stay, ensuing complication, and outcome was recorded. Results: There were 2,480 total admissions to the PICU during study period of one year, out of which 120 (4.83%) admissions had a culture proven S. aureus infection. Fifty-six (46.6%) were male and 64 (53.3%) were female. Most of the subjects fell in the age groups of 1-5 years and 10-15 years having 56 (46.6%) and 40 (33.3%) subjects, respectively. Pneumonia (43.3%), septicaemia (20.8), and bone/joint space infections (15%) were the three main clinical manifestations. Forty-two (35%) of specimens were reported as methicillin resistant. Incidence of methicillin resistant SA (MRSA) infection was 1.6 and that of methicillin sensitive SA (MSSA) 3.1 per 100 admissions to PICU. On sensitivity testing, none of the specimens was found to be vancomycin resistant. There were 240 total deaths in PICU during study period out of which 25 (10.4%) were observed from the study group. Mortality rate was 20.8%. Mortality was high in the MRSA group. Conclusion: The incidence of S. aureus infection and associated mortality is high in PICU. MRSA infection was more common in children admitted with chronic disease and is associated with higher mortality. Our study found a bimodal age distribution for serious staph infection, a finding that needs further evaluation.

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is very common disease and it is the major cause of ch... more Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is very common disease and it is the major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. Not much of Indian data are available particularly from the northern part of the country. It is important to mention that this part of India is unique with respect to its demographic and geographical location. There are needs to further explicate the spectrum and epidemiology of the CHD in this part of the country.Methods: A prospective hospital-based study carried out over a period of 24 months (January 2016 to January 2018) where all suspected children (<14 years) of CHD were subjected to echocardiographic study. The age, sex, clinical presentation and echo findings were well documented.Results: Out of total 3210 cases CHD was diagnosed in 2072 cases (64.54%). Most CHDs were diagnosed between 1 month and 6 years of age in both cyanotic and a cyanotic disease group. Incidence of a cyanotic CHD was n=1529 (47.6%) and cyanotic CHD was n=543 (17%) with t...

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2016

Definite paucity of data pertaining to spectrum of renal and urinary tract diseases in our state ... more Definite paucity of data pertaining to spectrum of renal and urinary tract diseases in our state and in various parts of India forms the basis of this study. Available data has emphasized more on specific clinical syndromes and chronic renal diseases rather than over all spectrums of renal and urinary tract diseases, that too in adult population. The present study a retrospective analysis, forms one of the basic data of paediatric nephrology and urology related disorders in our state. Retrospective analysis of the case records of all the hospitalized patients with renal and urinary tract diseases between 2012 and 2013 were performed. Case records were analysed and categorized into various groups like; Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN), Nephrotic Syndrome (NS), haematuria, Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), Posterior Urethral Valve (PUV), Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Iract (CAKUT) and others. These groups were divided into subgroups to get more insight about the pattern of these diseases. Out of 28114 patients hospitalized between 2012 and 2013 years, 447 (232 males and 215 females) patients were diagnosed of renal and urinary tract diseases which forms 1.58% the total admitted patients. Among these patients 32.9% (147/447) were diagnosed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI); 24.1% (108/447): Urinary Tract Infection (UTI); 9.6% (43/447): Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN); 5.6% (25/447): bilateral hydronephrosis with UTI; 4.47% (20/447): nephrotic syndrome (NS); 3.5% (16/447): haematuria; and 4% (18/447) were having CAKUT (Congenital Anomalies Of Kidney And Urinary Tract). In addition to this there were 17 cases of Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA), 3 cases of Barter syndrome and one case of Liddle syndrome. A substantial number of children are hospitalized with renal and urinary tract diseases with delayed ages of presentation, which at times have suffered irreversible renal damage that could have been prevented or treated if diagnosed earlier. Our study indicates that majority of these renal and urinary tract diseases are preventable and treatable. Henceforth, there is a need to develop a comprehensive service for the children with renal and urinary tract diseases in Jammu &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Kashmir (J&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;K) India.

International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2013

Presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in urine is hematuria that even in microscopic amounts alarms ... more Presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in urine is hematuria that even in microscopic amounts alarms the patient and parents of the patient, and often prompts physician for many laboratory investigations. Hematuria can be red, dark or cola colored or brown known as macroscopic hematuria, and when it is not visible to unaided eye, it is known as microscopic hematuria. RBCs in urine is one of the most important signs of genitourinary tract disease; however, it is almost never a cause of anemia, since few drops (1 mL) of blood can turn 1 L of urine into red colored urine. Overall the physician should be alert enough not to overlook serious conditions like neoplasms and underlying bleeding disorder, to avoid unnecessary and often expensive laboratory studies. This article provides an approach to the evaluation and management of hematuria in children, and the detection of preventable and treatable conditions at the earliest to limit the disease progression, and overall reduction in cost, energy and anxiety.

Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 2015

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Vitamin D deficiency in children is an important medical entity commonly diagnosed du... more Background: Vitamin D deficiency in children is an important medical entity commonly diagnosed during early childhood. Prevalence and incidence of vitamin D deficiency in children is underestimated and can have far reaching consequences as per the latest evidence. Children at high risk should be identified and treated accordingly to avoid the treatable misadventures of future life. Aim: The purpose of this review is to provide summary of the latest research in particular to the practical aspects of vitamin D deficiency in children. Methods: A literature search in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and DOAJ was conducted, regarding pediatric vitamin D deficiency related research and review articles in English language, using keywords or phrases such as bones; childhood allergy; calcium; children; diabetes mellitus type 1; respiratory infections; rickets; failure to thrive, 25-OH vitamin D. Conclusion: Despite major advances in unfolding the classical and non-classical r...

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2015

Non Traumatic Coma (NTC) in children is an important pediatric emergency. Etiologically it can be... more Non Traumatic Coma (NTC) in children is an important pediatric emergency. Etiologically it can be divided into three broad categories: those without focal neurologic signs (e.g., metabolic encephalopathies); meningitis syndromes, characterized by fever or stiff neck and an excess of cells in the spinal fluid (e.g., bacterial meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage); and conditions associated with prominent focal signs (e.g., stroke,